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饮用天然高钼水诱发的钼中毒耕牛主要生物酶测定 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
本研究对高钼饮水诱导钼中毒的耕牛及对照牛的血浆及组织（肝脏、肺脏、肾脏、脾脏、心脏、肌肉）中超氧化物歧化酶（ＳＯＤ）、黄嘌呤氧化酶（ＸＯＤ）及谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（ＧＳＨ－ＰＸ）等３种生物酶活性进行了对比分析测定。结果表明,血浆和组织中ＳＯＤ、ＸＯＤ及ＧＳＨ－ＰＸ均随着钼中毒的加重其活性显著下降。这３种生物酶是钼中毒比较灵敏且相关较大的生化指标,对钼中毒具有一定诊断价值;测定ＳＯＤ。ＸＯＤ、ＧＳＨ－ＰＸ可作为钼中毒监测的重要手段。 相似文献
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二株副鸡嗜血杆菌分离株的生物学特性鉴定 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
本试验对从广西分离的４株疑似副鸡嗜血杆菌（Ｈ．ｐｇ）（ＧＸ－９５,ＧＸ－９７,ＧＸ－９８－１,ＧＸ－９８－２）进行生物学特性研究。根据生物学特性,ＧＸ－９７和ＧＸ－９８－１被定为Ｈ．ｐｇ,ＧＸ－９５和ＧＸ－９８－２的生化反应特性有明显差异,用标准Ｈ．ｐｇ血清未能定型。交叉血凝抑制（ＨＩ）试验显示,各菌株之间的交叉ＨＩ效价达１６０,但各菌株与其本身的抗血清ＨＩ效价达１２８０,显示出很强的菌株特异性。抗菌素敏感试验也显示ＧＸ－９７、ＧＸ－９８－１和参考菌株的药敏谱更加相似。 相似文献
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我国部分地区ＮＤＶ的分子流行病学研究 总被引：56，自引：10，他引：46
本研究根据新城疫病毒（ＮＤＶ）Ｆ基因编码区１－３７４位核苷酸序列计算其遗传距离并给出了ＮＤＶ的系统发育进化树，将６８株ＮＤＶ分为９个基因型（３０株为国内分离株），其中Ⅰ－Ⅵ是早已存在的老基因型，Ⅶ、Ⅷ、Ⅸ为新发现的基因型，特别是Ⅸ为我国特有的基因型（Ｆ４８ＥＯ、Ｍ３、ＨＬＪ－３、ＨeB-1P和ＮＭ－５）。１９９７－１９９９年我国云南、广西、甘肃、陕西、新疆等地分离的ＹＮ－１Ｐ、ＧＸ－３、Ｈ１、Ｈ２、Ｐ１、ＧＸ－１、ＧＸ－２、ＧＳ－３、ＳＨＸ－２、ＳＨＸ－３、ＳＨＸ－６、ＳＨＸ－７、ＸＪ－２和１９９１年分离的ＨuB-1均属于Ⅶ基因型，该基因型的病毒是９０年以来引起新城疫发生的主要病原。根据遗传距离和分离年代可将此基因型进一步划分为５个基因亚型，分别是Ⅶa、Ⅶb、Ⅶc、Ⅶd和Ⅶe。此外ＨuN-1/98、HLJ-4/95和ＨeH-1P属一个老的基因Ⅵ，１９７９－１９８５年分离自青海的ＱＨ－１、ＱＨ－２、ＱＨ－４属于一个新的基因型－Ⅷ型。可见在我国新城疫的流行是极其复杂的，既有老基因型的危害（Ⅰ－Ⅵ），又有新基因型（Ⅶ）的流行，更有我国独特Ⅷ和Ⅸ基因潜伏。 相似文献
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本文根据近年来国际市场收购不同细度山羊绒价格，对６３只育种核心群中的种公羊分别计算出产绒量和细度的效益系数ｂ１＝５．８４４（美元／百克）；ｂ２＝－５．４５４（美元／微米），产绒效益对产绒量和细度的回归方程式为ｙ＝８９．１１８＋５．８４４Ｘ１－５．４５４Ｘ２，效益选择指数Ｉｃ＝０．９８２４４Ｘ１－０．７３８２８８Ｘ２＋２．１９３７８，用常规方法算出的综合选择指数Ｉ＝２２．０３２４１－７．１６９５Ｘ２ 相似文献
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大肠杆菌耐热性肠毒素Ⅰ融合基因的构建及其免疫原性研究 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
用限制性核酸内切酶ＢａｍＨＩ和Ｂｇ１Ⅱ双酶切质粒ｐＢＳＴ２－６，获得了大肠杆菌耐热性肠毒素Ⅰ（ＳＴ１）基因，再将含ＬａｃＺ基因（编码β－半乳糖苷酶）的载体ｐＵＣ１８用ＢａｍＨＩ酶切、碱性磷酸酶处理，然后与ＳＴ１基因通过Ｔ４ＤＮＡ连接酶连接，转化至受体菌ＤＨ５α中。通过菌落原位杂交筛选，共筛选出５３个ＳＴ１基因探针杂交阳性的重组子，对其中一个重组子ＤＨ５α（ｐＸＳＴ１）进行限制性核酸内切酶酶切分析和核苷酸序列分析，证明重组质粒ｐＸＳＴ１含有２个正向串连在一起的ＳＴ１基因，而且融合在ＬａｃＺ基因的上游，具有正确的阅读框架。又ＤＨ５α（ｐＸＳＴ１）菌株能在含Ｘ－Ｇａｌ的ＬＢ平板上长成蓝色菌落，而且ＥＬＩＳＡ也检测到ＳＴ１融合蛋白，这表明该菌株能表达具有β－半乳糖苷酶活性的大肠杆菌ＳＴ１—β－半乳糖苷酶融合蛋白。免疫实验结果表明，重组菌株ＤＨ５α（ｐＸＳＴ１）安全无毒，表达的ＳＴ１融合蛋白能够诱发ＢＡＬＢ／ｃ鼠产生抗体，该抗体具有中和天然ＳＴ１肠毒素的毒性作用，这表明ＤＨ５α（ｐＸＴ１）可以作为预防幼畜腹泻的菌苗候选株。 相似文献
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用取自 ３～５ ｍ ｍ 卵泡的处于减数分裂阻抑状态的猪卵丘卵母细胞复合体（ｐ Ｃ Ｅ Ｏ），培养 ４８ ｈ，用 Ｆ Ｓ Ｈ（１００ Ｉ Ｕ／ Ｌ）或 ｈ Ｃ Ｇ（０、５０、１００、２００、５００ Ｉ Ｕ／ Ｌ）刺激 ｐ Ｃ Ｅ Ｏ 分泌甾体激素；用放射受体测定法（ Ｒ Ｒ Ａ）比较 ｐ Ｃ Ｅ Ｏ 的卵丘细胞及壁层颗粒细胞（ Ｍ Ｇ Ｃ）上促黄体激素受体／人绒毛膜促性腺激素受体（ Ｌ Ｈ Ｒ／ｈ Ｃ Ｇ Ｒ）的数量； Ａ Ｍ ｅ Ｘ 石蜡切片、免疫组织化学染色，检测 Ｌ Ｈ Ｒ／ｈ Ｃ Ｇ Ｒ 在 ｐ Ｃ Ｅ Ｏ 以及 Ｍ Ｇ Ｃ 的分布情况。在 Ｆ Ｓ Ｈ 作用下，ｐ Ｃ Ｅ Ｏ 分泌的孕酮明显高于 ｈ Ｃ Ｇ 作用组和对照组 （ Ｐ ＜ ００５）； 平均每个壁层颗粒细胞上的 Ｌ Ｈ Ｒ／ｈ Ｃ Ｇ Ｒ是每个卵丘细胞的 １０５ 倍； Ｌ Ｈ Ｒ／ｈ Ｃ Ｇ Ｒ 在基膜两侧分布较多，且卵母细胞上没有 Ｌ Ｈ Ｒ／ｈ Ｃ Ｇ Ｒ，临近卵母细胞的卵丘细胞膜上较少被染色。以上结果表明，在体外试验中，可能由于 Ｃ Ｅ Ｏ 上 Ｌ Ｈ Ｒ／ｈ Ｃ Ｇ Ｒ 的数量不足或生理活性降低， Ｌ Ｈ／ｈ Ｃ Ｇ 不能促进卵母细胞恢复减数分裂。 相似文献
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vMDV感染雏鸡的Se-GSH-PX活性和LPO含量 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
以马立克氏病强毒（ｖＭＤＶ）人工感染１日龄ＡＡ肉用雏鸡,于感染后７,１４,２８,４２和５６日龄分别检测雏鸡中枢、外周淋巴器官及主要内脏器官的含硒谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（Ｓｅ－ＧＳＨ－ＰＸ）活性和脂质过氧化物（ＬＰＯ）含量的变化。结果表明,ｖＭＤＶ感染雏鸡各器官Ｓｅ－ＧＳＨ－ＰＸ活性在检测各时期多显著低于健康对照雏鸡（Ｐ＜０．０５,Ｐ＜０．０１）,而各器官ＬＰＯ含量则多显著高于健康对照雏鸡（Ｐ＜０．０５,Ｐ＜０．０１）,提示马立克氏病（ＭＤ）及其肿瘤的发生和发展与Ｓｅ－ＧＳＨ－ＰＸ抗氧化活性降低和ＬＰＯ及其降解物对雏鸡的广泛病理损伤有关。 相似文献
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鸡传染性支气管炎地方毒株血清型的研究 总被引：8，自引：1，他引：7
应用血凝抑制试验（ＨＩ）确定了４株鸡传染性支气管炎病毒地方毒株（Ｆｕ、Ｘ、Ｗ、Ｈ）与３个标准株（Ｍ４１、Ｇｒａｙ、Ｔ）间的抗原相关性,并对分型结果以雏鸡免疫交叉保护试验进行了验证。结果表明,Ｆｕ、Ｘ株与Ｔ株的抗原性接近,Ｗ、Ｈ株与Ｍ４１株的抗原性接近。 相似文献
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An evaluation of alternative selection indexes for a non‐linear profit trait approaching its economic optimum 
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下载免费PDF全文 D. Martin‐Collado T.J. Byrne B. Visser P.R. Amer 《Zeitschrift für Tierzüchtung und Züchtungsbiologie》2016,133(6):476-484
This study used simulation to evaluate the performance of alternative selection index configurations in the context of a breeding programme where a trait with a non‐linear economic value is approaching an economic optimum. The simulation used a simple population structure that approximately mimics selection in dual purpose sheep flocks in New Zealand (NZ). In the NZ dual purpose sheep population, number of lambs born is a genetic trait that is approaching an economic optimum, while genetically correlated growth traits have linear economic values and are not approaching any optimum. The predominant view among theoretical livestock geneticists is that the optimal approach to select for nonlinear profit traits is to use a linear selection index and to update it regularly. However, there are some nonlinear index approaches that have not been evaluated. This study assessed the efficiency of the following four alternative selection index approaches in terms of genetic progress relative to each other: (i) a linear index, (ii) a linear index updated regularly, (iii) a nonlinear (quadratic) index, and (iv) a NLF index (nonlinear index below the optimum and then flat). The NLF approach does not reward or penalize animals for additional genetic merit beyond the trait optimum. It was found to be at least comparable in efficiency to the approach of regularly updating the linear index with short (15 year) and long (30 year) time frames. The relative efficiency of this approach was slightly reduced when the current average value of the nonlinear trait was close to the optimum. Finally, practical issues of industry application of indexes are considered and some potential practical benefits of efficient deployment of a NLF index in highly heterogeneous industries (breeds, flocks and production environments) such as in the NZ dual purpose sheep population are discussed. 相似文献
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Buch LH Sørensen MK Berg P Pedersen LD Sørensen AC 《Zeitschrift für Tierzüchtung und Züchtungsbiologie》2012,129(2):138-151
We tested the following hypotheses: (i) breeding schemes with genomic selection are superior to breeding schemes without genomic selection regarding annual genetic gain of the aggregate genotype (ΔG(AG) ), annual genetic gain of the functional traits and rate of inbreeding per generation (ΔF), (ii) a positive interaction exists between the use of genotypic information and a short generation interval on ΔG(AG) and (iii) the inclusion of an indicator trait in the selection index will only result in a negligible increase in ΔG(AG) if genotypic information about the breeding goal trait is known. We examined four breeding schemes with or without genomic selection and with or without intensive use of young bulls using pseudo-genomic stochastic simulations. The breeding goal consisted of a milk production trait and a functional trait. The two breeding schemes with genomic selection resulted in higher ΔG(AG) , greater contributions of the functional trait to ΔG(AG) and lower ΔF than the two breeding schemes without genomic selection. Thus, the use of genotypic information may lead to more sustainable breeding schemes. In addition, a short generation interval increases the effect of using genotypic information on ΔG(AG) . Hence, a breeding scheme with genomic selection and with intensive use of young bulls (a turbo scheme) seems to offer the greatest potential. The third hypothesis was disproved as inclusion of genomically enhanced breeding values (GEBV) for an indicator trait in the selection index increased ΔG(AG) in the turbo scheme. Moreover, it increased the contribution of the functional trait to ΔG(AG) , and it decreased ΔF. Thus, indicator traits may still be profitable to use even when GEBV for the breeding goal traits are available. 相似文献
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Ching Y. LIN 《Animal Science Journal》2002,73(4):263-268
A simplified partition procedure was developed to partition the genetic value associated with the identified genotype (a combined genotype of all quantitative trait loci (QTL) identified) and residual genotype. The simplified partition procedure does not require the construction of mixed model equations for both identified and residual genotypes, and therefore drastically reduces the computing requirements as compared with the direct partition procedure. Both the simplified and the direct partition procedures were shown to be equivalent theoretically and experimentally. The simplified partition procedure also applies to the partitioning of other random effects such as the partition of sire effect into two components (constant and interaction sire effects) without actually solving the mixed model equations of the partitioned sire model. The relative contribution of the identified loci and the residual genotypes to the genetic value of a trait depends on their correlation (ρ qr ) and the ratio of their genetic variances (σ2 q / σ2 r ). Identifying more QTL or increasing QTL variance would add to the contribution of identified QTL to the total genetic value of a quantitative trait. However, the additional contribution of identifying each extra QTL increases at a decreasing rate when the correlation between identified and residual genotypes is positive, but at an increasing rate when the correlation is negative. An effective QTL-assisted selection program should consider both direct and associated effects of the identified loci. 相似文献
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The effectiveness of five selection methods for genetic improvement of net merit comprising trait 1 of low heritability (h2 = 0.1) and trait 2 of high heritability (h2 = 0.4) was examined: (i) two‐trait quantitative trait loci (QTL)‐assisted selection; (ii) partial QTL‐assisted selection based on trait 1; (iii) partial QTL‐assisted selection based on trait 2; (iv) QTL‐only selection; and (v) conventional selection index without QTL information. These selection methods were compared under 72 scenarios with different combinations of the relative economic weights, the genetic correlations between traits, the ratio of QTL variance to total genetic variance of the trait, and the ratio of genetic variances between traits. The results suggest that the detection of QTL for multiple‐trait QTL‐assisted selection is more important when the index traits are negatively correlated than when they are positively correlated. In contrast to literature reports that single‐trait marker‐assisted selection (MAS) is the most efficient for low heritability traits, this study found that the identified QTL of the low heritability trait contributed negligibly to total response in net merit. This is because multiple‐trait QTL‐assisted selection is designed to maximize total net merit rather than the genetic response of the individual index trait as in the case of single‐trait MAS. Therefore, it is not economical to identify the QTL of the low heritability traits for the improvement of total net merit. The efficient, cost‐effective selection strategy is to identify the QTL of the moderate or high heritability traits of the QTL‐assisted selection index to facilitate total economic returns. Detection of the QTL of the low h2 traits for the QTL‐assisted index selection is justified when the low h2 traits have high negative genetic correlation with the other index traits and/or when both economic weights and genetic variances of the low h2 traits are larger as compared to the other index traits of higher h2. This study deals with theoretical efficiency of QTL‐assisted selection, but the same principle applies to SNP‐based genomic selection when the proportion of the genetic variance ‘explained by the identified QTLs’ in this study is replaced by ‘explained by SNPs’. 相似文献
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S. Malm A.C. Sørensen W.F. Fikse E. Strandberg 《Zeitschrift für Tierzüchtung und Züchtungsbiologie》2013,130(2):154-164
Breeding to reduce the prevalence of categorically scored hip dysplasia (HD), based on phenotypic assessment of radiographic hip status, has had limited success. The aim of this study was to evaluate two selection strategies for improved hip status: truncation selection based on phenotypic record versus best linear unbiased prediction (BLUP), using stochastic simulation and selection scenarios resembling those in real dog populations. In addition, optimum contribution selection (OCS) was evaluated. Two traits were considered: HD (as a categorical trait with five classes and a heritability of 0.45 on the liability scale) and a continuous trait (with a heritability of 0.25) intended to represent other characteristics in the breeding goal. A population structure mimicking that in real dog populations was modelled. The categorical nature of HD caused a considerably lower genetic gain compared to simulating HD as a continuous trait. Genetic gain was larger for BLUP selection than for phenotypic selection in all scenarios. However, BLUP selection resulted in higher rates of inbreeding. By applying OCS, the rate of inbreeding was lowered to about the same level as phenotypic selection but with increased genetic improvement. For efficient selection against HD, use of BLUP breeding values should be prioritized. In small populations, BLUP should be used together with OCS or similar strategy to maintain genetic variation. 相似文献
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the objective of the study was to develop and evaluate different breeding objectives for sow productivity and for production traits, using economic selection indices. Genetic parameters were generated using a repeated records model for sow productivity traits and a maternal effects model for production traits, in ASREML. Stochastic simulation models based on a hypothetical 100-sow model were performed for each line, i.e., a dam line and a terminal sire line, respectively, to derive economic values. The traits included in the study were number born alive (NBA), 21-day litter size (D21LS), 21-day litter weight (D21LWT), average daily gain (ADG), feed conversion ratio (FCR), age at slaughter (AGES), dressing percentage (DRESS), lean content (LEAN) and backfat thickness (BFAT). The economic values for LEAN and BFAT were derived using the partial differentiation of the profit function, while those for the other traits were derived using the partial budget approach. An economic value of a trait was the change in profit per unit genetic change in that trait. Breeding objectives were developed with a corresponding selection index, for improvement of that objective. Three combinations of breeding objectives and selection indices were developed for sow productivity traits, while there were 15 combinations for production traits. Responses to selection and economic return were computed for each combination to determine the most appropriate combination for the improvement of the breeding objective traits. The most appropriate index to improve sow productivity consisted of NBA and D21LWT. For production traits, the combination that consisted of a selection index with AGES, DRESS and BFAT, and the breeding objective ADG, DRESS, FCR and LEAN, was considered the most appropriate. Age at slaughter and BFAT were, respectively, included as indicator traits for ADG and LEAN. The recommended breeding objectives were sensitive to changes in economic values, indicating that economic values for breeding goal traits should be updated periodically to ensure proper weighting of traits, hence maximization of economic return. 相似文献
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继代选育中用BLUP法对公猪进行逆向再评定的研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
用带亲缘相关阵的BLUP法(BLUP-1),不带亲缘相关阵的BLUP法(BLUP- 2)及最小二乘法(LS),就日增重、背膘厚及外形评分三性状对SD-I系种公猪进行了逆向遗传再评定,以探讨BLUP法在猪继代选育中的应用。结果表明:①对遗传力较高的性状用综合指数法选择是比较理想的;②BLUP法较LS法精确,且以BLUP-1最精确,估计误差方差(PEV)最小;③选育中可用经加权而成的BLUP综合育种值代替多性状育种值。 相似文献
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It is costly and time‐consuming to carry out dairy cattle selection on a large experimental scale. For this reason, sire and cow evaluations are almost exclusively based on field data, which are highly affected by a large array of environmental factors. Therefore, it is crucial to adjust for those environmental effects in order to accurately estimate the genetic merits of sires and cows. Index selection is a simple extension of the ordinary least squares under the assumption that the fixed effects are assumed known without error. The mixed‐model equations (MME) of Henderson provide a simpler alternative to the generalized least squares procedure, which is computationally difficult to apply to large data sets. Solution to the MME yields the best linear unbiased estimator of the fixed effects and the best linear unbiased predictor (BLUP) of the random effects. In an animal breeding situation, the random effects such as sire or animal represent the animal's estimated breeding value, which provides a basis for selection decision. The BLUP procedure under sire model assumes random mating between sires and dams. The genetic evaluation procedure has progressed a long way from the dam‐daughter comparison method to animal model, from single trait to multiple trait analysis, and from lactational to test‐day model, to improve accuracy of evaluations. Multiple‐trait evaluation appears desirable because it takes into account the genetic and environmental variance‐covariance of all traits evaluated. For these reasons, multiple‐trait evaluation would reduce bias from selection and achieve a better accuracy of prediction as compared to single‐trait evaluation. The number of traits included in multiple‐trait evaluation should depend upon the breeding goal. Recent advances in molecular and reproductive technologies have created great potential for quantitative geneticists concerning genetic dissection of quantitative traits, and marker‐assisted genetic evaluation and selection. 相似文献