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旨在研究乳房炎及病原菌组成对中国荷斯坦牛测定日泌乳性能及体细胞数变化的影响.本研究于2009年9月对江苏某奶牛场140头成年中国荷斯坦泌乳牛进行乳房炎检测和DHI测定,同时对隐性乳房炎阳性乳区进行病原菌分离鉴定,并分析了不同乳房炎类型和隐性乳房炎病原菌组成对测定日泌乳性能和乳中SCC变化的影响.结果表明,该牛场临床乳房炎、隐性乳房炎和正常奶牛比例分别为10.00％、51.10％和37.90％,其中隐性乳房炎以大肠杆菌和链球菌混合感染最多(19头,占26.00％),其次为链球菌单独感染(17头,占23.30％).由1种细菌单独感染的比例为26头(占36.11％),2种或2种以上细菌混合感染为44头(占61.11％).乳房炎类型对测定日产奶量、乳糖含量、体细胞数和体细胞评分4个指标影响达到极显著水平(P＜0.01),临床乳房炎和隐性乳房炎奶牛日产奶量和乳糖含量极显著低于正常奶,同时体细胞数和体细胞评分极显著高于正常奶,而临床乳房炎奶和隐性乳房炎奶在所有检测指标上均无显著差异,但临床乳房炎奶比隐性乳房炎奶体细胞数高出约100万·mL-1.不同病原菌组成类型对乳中体细胞数和体细胞评分有极显著影响(P＜0.01),而对其它性状无显著影响(P＞0.05).混合感染奶牛测定日产奶量极显著低于单独感染奶牛(P＜0.01),同时乳中体细胞数显著高于单独感染奶牛(P＜0.01).乳房炎类型对乳中SCC的变化趋势有显著影响(P＜0.01),正常奶牛维持较低SCC的能力较强,隐性乳房炎奶牛在下一泌乳月体细胞增加的可能性较大.不同隐性乳房炎病原菌组成类型对乳中SCC的变化无显著影响.奶牛生产中隐性乳房炎发病率高,危害性也最大,不同病原菌混合感染引起的隐性乳房炎对测定日产奶量和乳中体细胞数影响最大.该结果为奶牛场采取合理措施,降低隐性乳房炎发生率提供了参考. 相似文献
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BoLA-DQA、DRB3* exon2多态性及其与奶牛乳房炎的关联分析 总被引：15，自引：3，他引：15
采用PCR-SSCP技术，检测到9种中国荷斯坦牛BoLA-DQA^＊ exon2基因基因型、15种BoLA-DRB3^＊ exon2基因的基因型和3种单体型，分析比较了各基因型、单体型与奶牛乳房炎的关联性。结果在中国荷斯坦牛中，没有发现与乳房炎易感性或抗性有关联的基因和基因型，但发现DQA-B／DRB3-C、DQA-G／DRB3-F两种单体型可能与奶牛乳房炎易感性有关，而DQBF／DRB3-E单体型可能与奶牛乳房炎抗性有关。 相似文献
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Study on the association of BoLA-DRB3.2 alleles with clinical mastitis in Norwegian Red cows 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
S. Kulberg B. Heringstad O.A. Guttersrud & I. Olsaker 《Zeitschrift für Tierzüchtung und Züchtungsbiologie》2007,124(4):201-207
Genotyping of bovine leucocyte antigen DRB3.2 (BoLA-DRB3.2) in a total of 523 Norwegian Red (NR) cows from two groups selected for high protein yield and low clinical mastitis, respectively, identified 27 previously reported BoLA-DRB3.2 alleles across the groups. Significant differences in BoLA-DRB3.2 allele frequencies were found between the selection groups. Alleles *13, *18, *22 and *27 had a significantly higher frequency in cows selected for low clinical mastitis, while alleles *3, *9, *11 and *26 had a higher frequency in cows selected for high protein yield. Associations between BoLA-DRB3.2 alleles and clinical mastitis were analysed based on mastitis data from 741,072 first-lactation NR cows, of which 452 were genotyped. Alleles *22 and *26 were found to be associated with increased clinical mastitis, while alleles *7, *11, *18 and *24 had a favourable effect on mastitis resistance. Contradictory results from different studies investigating associations between BoLA-DRB3.2 alleles and mastitis indicate that future studies should focus on associations of mastitis with BoLA haplotypes rather than with single BoLA genes. 相似文献
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为查明甘肃省某奶牛场发生临床型奶牛乳房炎的主要病原菌并选择治疗用敏感药物,随机无菌采集了6份临床型病牛乳样和1份大罐乳样,采用划线分离、菌落形态观察、革兰染色镜检、生化鉴定及16S rDNA序列分析等方法进行细菌分离鉴定,同时采用K-B法测定主要分离菌株对抗菌药物的敏感性。结果表明,从临床型乳房炎乳样中分离鉴定出大肠埃希菌、芽胞杆菌、凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌(腐生葡萄球菌)3种细菌,其中大肠埃希菌的分离率最高,为66.67%;从大罐奶样中也分离出大肠埃希菌。药敏试验结果表明,大肠埃希菌对氨苄青霉素、阿莫西林、头孢噻吩、杆菌肽、红霉素均存在不同程度的耐药,耐药率为29%~100%;对诺氟沙星、恩诺沙星、氟苯尼考、头孢哌酮等药物敏感。说明此次牛场临床型乳房炎的主要病原菌是大肠埃希菌、葡萄球菌和芽胞杆菌,而且分离的大肠埃希菌具有多重耐药性。根据检测分析结果,给奶牛场提出针对性的防控措施,临床型乳房炎的发病率下降,病情得以控制。 相似文献
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Tatsuyuki YOSHIDA Harutaka MUKOYAMA Hiroki FURUTA Yasuko KONDO Shin-nosuke TAKESHIMA Yoko AIDA Motoaki KOSUGIYAMA Hiroshi TOMOGANE 《Animal Science Journal》2009,80(5):498-509
The association of the polymorphism of bovine leukocyte antigen ( BoLA-DRB3 ) genes identified by the polymerase chain reaction sequence-based typing (PCR-SBT) method with resistance and susceptibility to mastitis caused by pathogenic bacteria was investigated. Blood samples for DNA extraction were collected from 194 Holstein cows (41 healthy cows and 153 mastitis cows including 24 mixed-infection cows infected with 2 or 3 species of pathogens) from 5 districts of Chiba prefecture, Japan. Sixteen BoLA-DRB3 alleles were detected. The 4 main alleles of DRB3*0101 , *1501 , *1201 , and *1101 constituted 56.8% of the total number of alleles detected. Mastitis cows were divided into 2 groups: group 1 with single-infection cows and group 2 with all mastitis cows including 24 mixed-infection cows. The differences in the frequencies of BoLA-DRB3 alleles and the number of cows homozygous or heterozygous for each BoLA-DRB3 allele between healthy cows and the 2 groups of mastitis cows were evaluated. Furthermore, similar comparisons were performed between healthy cows and the 2 groups of mastitis cows for each mastitis pathogen. It was considered that the 4 alleles, namely, DRB3*0101 , *1501 , *1201 , and *1101 had specific resistance and susceptibility to 4 different mastitis pathogens. Thus, DRB3*0101 might be associated with susceptibility to coagulase-negative Staphylococci and Escherichia coli , and DRB3*1501 might be associated with susceptibility to Escherichia coli . However, DRB3*1101 might be associated with resistance to Streptococci and coagulase-negative Staphylococci , and DRB3*1201 , with resistance to Streptococci , Escherichia coli , and Staphylococcus aureus . 相似文献
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乳房炎是奶牛最常见的疾病,随着奶牛产业的蓬勃发展,乳房炎已经成为制约该产业的瓶颈之一。从甘肃省武威市凉州区5个奶牛养殖场采集了1 000头荷斯坦奶牛共计3 991份奶样,对临床型和非临床型(隐性)乳房炎分别通过临床症状和兰州隐性乳房炎诊断液(LMT)进行诊断。结果显示:该地区奶牛临床型乳房炎发病率18.20%,亚临床型乳房炎发病率36.50%,总阳性率54.70%,总阳性乳区率54.72%。从阳性奶样中分离纯化得到的主要病原菌为链球菌属、金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌,且在不同类型乳房炎中的分布情况不同,临床型中链球菌属最多(54.37%),亚临床型中金黄色葡萄球菌最多(48.56%)。对主要病原菌进行药敏试验,结果表明治疗凉州区奶牛乳房炎的最佳药物应为喹诺酮类和庆大霉素类。 相似文献
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Young Kyung Park Lawrence K. Fox Dale D. Hancock Wade McMahan Yong Ho Park 《Journal of veterinary science (Suw?n-si, Korea)》2012,13(1):103-105
Changes in udder health and antibiotic resistance of mastitis pathogens isolated from dairies upon conversion from conventional to organic management over a 3-year period was studied. Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS) were the most prevalent mastitis pathogens isolated. CNS were significantly less resistant to β-lactam antibiotics when isolated from milk after the herd transitioned to organic management. Cessation of the use of antimicrobial therapies in dairies in combination with organic management could lead to a reduction in the antimicrobial resistance of mastitis pathogens. 相似文献
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Smallholder dairy farmers in Tanzania appear to be unaware of the subclinical mastitis situation in their cows. A cross-sectional study was carried out between June and September 2002 on smallholder dairy herds in the Dar es Salaam region. The study objectives were to establish the prevalence of subclinical mastitis and related risk indicators, and to assess their contribution to the occurrence of subclinical mastitis. Three field procedures based on the principles of herd health and production management were followed: clinical, farm and data inspection. The California mastitis test (CMT) was carried out on quarter milk samples to determine the prevalence of subclinical mastitis. A total of 182 lactating cows from 62 herds were investigated. Clinical inspection indicated that 3.8% of the lactating cows had clinical mastitis. Subclinical mastitis was detected in 90.3% of lactating cows screened. Farm inspection revealed that water scarcity, barn size, residual suckling, single udder-towel and dairy labourers as the most substantial (p < 0.05) risk indicators. Although most of the risk indicators studied were not found to be statistically significantly associated with the occurrence of subclinical mastitis, possibly owing to sample size and the presence of confounders, the epidemiological need to address such risk indicators cannot be overemphasized. 相似文献
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A 31-year record-based retrospective study was carried out to determine the aetiology and temporal distribution of bovine clinical mastitis in smallholder dairy herds in the Dar es Salaam region of Tanzania over the period November 1971-December 2002. Laboratory information on 1964 quarter samples from 1365 cows in 281 smallholder dairy herds were retrieved, compiled and studied. Eighty-eight percent of the quarter samples were culture-positive and the predominant mastitis pathogens isolated were Staphylococcus aureus (25.7%), Streptococcus agalactiae (15.4%), Klebsiella pneumoniae (14.3%) and Escherichia coli (14.1%). Other isolates included Pseudomonas aeruginosa (7.5%), Streptococcus dysgalactiae (5.2%) and Streptococcus uberis (4.2%). Contagious mastitis pathogens were isolated from 45.6% of the culture-positive samples, whereas environmental and miscellaneous pathogens were isolated from 48.2% and 5.7%, respectively. Thirty percent of the miscellaneous mastitis pathogens were Candida species. The results demonstrate a steady increase in clinical Candida albicans mastitis. The prevalence of Candida albicans has increased from 1% in 1971 to 17.0% in November 2002. Conversely, despite some fluctuations, the prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus agalactiae, E. coli and K. pneumoniae remain above 10%. The possible risk factors for these observations are discussed. 相似文献
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Repurposing Ionophores as novel antimicrobial agents for the treatment of bovine mastitis caused by Gram‐positive pathogens 
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下载免费PDF全文 Elizabeth E. Hickey Hui San Wong Manouchehr Khazandi Abiodun D. Ogunniyi Kiro R. Petrovski Sanjay Garg Stephen W. Page Ryan O'Handley Darren J. Trott 《Journal of veterinary pharmacology and therapeutics》2018,41(5):746-754
Increasing reports of multidrug‐resistant bacterial infections in animals has created a need for novel antimicrobial agents that do not promote cross‐resistance to critically important antimicrobial classes used in human medicine. In response to the recent emergence of antimicrobial resistance in several bovine mastitis pathogens, in vitro antimicrobial susceptibility was determined for four polyether ionophores (lasalocid, monensin, narasin and salinomycin) against Staphylococcus spp. and Streptococcus spp. isolated from clinical cases. In addition, erythrocyte haemolysis and WST ‐1 cell proliferation assays were used to assess in vitro mammalian cell cytotoxicity and biofilm susceptibility testing was performed using the minimum biofilm eradication concentration (MBEC ?) biofilm assay. Lasalocid, monensin, narasin and salinomycin exhibited bacteriostatic antimicrobial activity against all pathogens tested, including methicillin‐resistant staphylococci, with MIC 90 values <16 μg/ml. Narasin and monensin displayed the least toxicity against mammalian cell lines and all compounds significantly reduced viable cell numbers in a Staphylococcus aureus biofilm. Based on in vitro characterization, all four ionophores offer potentially novel treatments against bovine mastitis but in vivo studies will be essential to determine whether acceptable safety and efficacy is present following intramammary administration. 相似文献
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OBJECTIVE: To determine whether there was any association between results of in vitro antimicrobial susceptibility testing of pathogens isolated from cows with mild or moderate clinical mastitis and outcome of treatment. DESIGN: Observational study. ANIMALS: 133 cows with mild or moderate mastitis in a single quarter. PROCEDURE: Cows were treated by means of intramammary infusion of pirlimycin (50 mg) in the affected quarter once daily for 2 days; additional intramammary treatments with the same product were administered if the milk continued to appear abnormal. Duration of treatment and days until clinical cure were recorded. Bacterial isolates were tested for antimicrobial susceptibility by means of a broth micro-dilution technique. RESULTS: Environmental streptococci, coliforms, and coagulase-negative Staphylococcus spp were the most commonly isolated pathogens. Duration of treatment and days until clinical cure were not significantly different for cows from which pathogens that were susceptible or resistant to pirlimycin were isolated. Bacteriologic cure rates 14 and 21 days after treatment were not significantly different for cows with mastitis caused by susceptible or resistant bacteria. Similar results were found when data only from cows with mastitis caused by gram-positive isolates were analyzed. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: In the present study, differences in clinical outcome for cows with mild or moderate mastitis that could be attributed to differences in results of in vitro susceptibility testing were not identified. The use of in vitro susceptibility testing to guide intramammary mastitis treatment cannot be recommended on the basis of results of this study. 相似文献
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通过开展凉山地区奶牛乳房炎主要病原菌的分离鉴定和药敏情况试验,为指导凉山地区奶牛场临床合理使用抗生素以及提高抗生素的防治效果提供理论指导。通过采样、增菌培养、细菌鉴定、药敏试验、数据统计分析等方法,结果发现193 份患有乳房炎的乳样中有134 份分离出12 种病原菌,其中65 份检出两种及以上菌,占检出数的48.50%﹔共分离出234 株不重复菌株。分离率居前五位为：葡萄球菌63 株（26.9%）、大肠杆菌56 株（23.8%）、肺炎克雷伯菌42 株（17.9%）、肠球菌24 株（10.3%）、链球菌13 株（5.6%）。对本试验分离到的大肠杆菌、葡萄球菌、肺炎克雷伯菌等12 种菌中的10 种细菌药敏试验结果显示,不论是革兰氏阳性菌还是革兰氏阴性菌对试验选取的17 种常见抗生素均表现不同程度的耐药,有部分菌株还表现严重的多重耐药,有些菌株对部分药物耐药率达100.00%。 相似文献
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In order to determine the relative value of different immunological traits as indicators of resistance to infection, an analysis was performed based on records of immunological traits in young bulls and “health card” records of clinical mastitis in their half sisters. The correlation analysis suggested that young bulls with high levels of serum immunoglobulin have half sisters with low mastitis frequency. A significant positive correlation was found between the antibody response peak against human serum albumin and susceptibility to mastitis. The results of this analysis should not be considered conclusive as the data were limited. Further work is required on a larger body of material. The model described here may be considered for future use as it enables immediate selection of animals. 相似文献
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利用基因测序技术对CXCR2基因进行了多态性筛查,结果发现存在+612A→G、+684G→A、+777G→C、+855G→A、+858C→A和+861G→A等6个突变位点,其中+855为新发现的SNP。6个位点都处于连锁不平衡状态,+684与+861位点之间和+777与+858之间的相关程度高(r2分别为0.635和0.541)。基因效应模型分析表明:+855和+861位点不同基因型对奶牛体细胞评分的影响没有显著性差异(P0.05)。+612位点不同基因型对体细胞评分的影响具有显著性差异(P0.05),AA基因型个体的体细胞评分最低为4.19,乳房炎抗性最强。+777位点不同基因型对体细胞评分的影响差异性显著(P0.05),GG基因型个体体细胞评分最低为4.17,对乳房炎的抗性较强,说明该基因+612和+777SNPs可作为奶牛乳房炎抗性分子标记位点。 相似文献
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AIM: To identify and enumerate colony forming units (cfu) of mastitis pathogens in bulk tank milk (BTM) from pasture-fed New Zealand dairy cows in the Waikato region. METHODS: BTM samples from seven seasonal-calving dairy herds in the Waikato region were collected monthly from August to December 2004 (cows calved during July-September). Milk samples were cultured on blood aesculin and MacConkey agar plates for 24 h, and the number of mastitis pathogens identified and counted. RESULTS: Colonies identified in BTM included aesculinpositive streptococci, Staphylococcus aureus, coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS), and coliforms; counts ranged from zero to >1,000 cfu/ml. Counts >1,000 cfu/ml for total aesculin-positive streptococci, CNS and coliforms were present in 48%, 51% and 11% of BTM samples, respectively. Counts of Staph. aureus ranged from zero to 1,000 cfu/ml, but first appeared in BTM samples only in October. Staphylococcus aureus was repeatedly isolated in BTM from 4/7 farms during the testing period. CONCLUSIONS: Counts of mastitis pathogens in this study appeared high relative to interpretive criteria set by other workers, which may indicate a high prevalence of mastitis risk factors on these farms. Interpretation of results is difficult as aesculinpositive streptococci, CNS and coliforms can be isolated from the environment as well as from cows with clinical or subclinical mastitis. Furthermore, Staph. aureus is inconsistently excreted from infected bovine mammary glands. More extensive study of this method is required in New Zealand to attempt to further validate the interpretation of results of bacterial culture of BTM. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: This method may be used to monitor challenge from mastitis pathogens over time as part of milk quality control programmes. The technique may be of use as a screening test to provide information to veterinarians, affording them the opportunity to have an input into mastitis control on dairy farms in New Zealand. 相似文献
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Objectives To identify risk factors and indicators at quarter‐milking and other levels for clinical mastitis during lactation in pasture‐fed cows managed in an automatic milking system. Design A retrospective nested case–control study using data collected over a 31‐month period. A total of 803,948 quarter‐milkings from 249 cows were available for analysis, of which 245 were selected as clinical mastitis quarter‐milking cases and 2450 unaffected quarter‐milkings were selected as controls. Most of the diagnoses of clinical mastitis had been made after clinical assessments of quarters following automated alerts by the milking system. Potential risk factors and indicators were assessed using univariable and multivariable multilevel logistic models. Results Quarters that are milked infrequently and have low yield, fast peak milk flow rates, blood in the milk and/or elevated milk conductivity are at increased risk of clinical mastitis. Quarters were also at increased risk between days 10 and 29 of lactation, and during higher parity lactations. Milk fat and protein concentrations and the fat : protein ratio were not significantly associated with the development of clinical mastitis. Neither quarter position (fore or rear) nor side (left or right) was associated with clinical mastitis occurrence. Quarters that had been clinically affected more than 30 days previous in the current lactation were not at increased risk of redeveloping clinical mastitis. Conclusions Under the study conditions, the risk of clinical mastitis increased for quarter‐milkings in quarters that were milked less frequently in the previous 7 days, were low‐yielding, had fast peak milk flow rates and had more milkings in which blood was detected in milk and/or the milk conductivity was elevated. Risk was also increased in days 10–29 of lactation and in higher parity lactations. 相似文献
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对临床乳房炎（57株）和原料乳（44株）金黄色葡萄球菌菌株,用PCR方法检测mecA基因、PVL基因、ETs基因、SEs基因和TSST-1基因;采用CLSI指导说明执行琼脂稀释法药敏性试验。结果显示原料乳菌株中,84.09%携带有毒素基因,其中PVL的检出率为84.09%,肠毒素的检出率为52.27%,主要流行的肠毒素基因为sea（56.82%）,均未检测到携带mecA、ETs、TSST-1、sei和sej基因的菌株;同时得到10种毒素基因型,其主要流行的毒素基因型为PVL＋sea（29.55%）和PVL（27.27%）。临床菌株中,78.95%携带有毒素基因,其中PVL的检出率为28.07%,肠毒素的检出率为77.19%,主要流行的肠毒素基因为sea（47.37%）,没有检测到携带ETs、TSST-1和seh基因菌株;同时得到25种毒素基因型,其主要流行的毒素基因型为sea（19.30%）,其次是seb（7.02%）,sea＋sed＋sej（3.51%）和PVL＋sea＋seb＋sec＋seg＋sei（3.51%）。6株（10.53%）携带有mecA基因菌株均含有较多毒素基因。原料乳分离株对甲氧苄啶和头孢西丁的耐药率较高,分别为100%和86.36%,其次对氯霉素、红霉素、苯唑西林、头孢哌酮和庆大霉素的耐药率分别为11.36%、4.55%、2.27%、2.27%和6.82%,所有原料乳菌株均对环丙沙星敏感,同时得到8种耐药谱,多重耐药率达22%;临床乳房炎菌株对红霉素和甲氧苄啶的耐药率较高,分别为100%和71.93%,其次对氯霉素、庆大霉素、环丙沙星、头孢西丁和苯唑西林的耐药率分别为28.07%、26.07%、24.56%、19.30%和7.02%,临床乳房炎菌株对头孢哌酮和四环素的敏感率为100%,同时得到13种耐药谱,多重耐药率达77.19%。所有原料乳和临床乳房炎菌株均对万古霉素和阿米卡星敏感。临床乳房炎菌株携带的毒素基因和多重耐药率比原料奶菌株高,同时在临床乳房炎乳中检测到MRSA菌株,提示我们应加强乳及其乳制品的管理,并对奶牛乳房炎加以重视。 相似文献