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当前正处于执法机构改革阶段,中央和福建省只明确了生态环保、市场监管、文化旅游、交通运输、农业农村、城市管理等6支综合执法队伍。而林业执法工作,除了明确自然保护地中的部分生态执法移交生态环保综合执法外,林业执法队伍何去何从尚未明确。为此,对三明市林业行政执法情况进行分析,为使林业执法工作不受影响,林业执法改革平稳过渡,林业执法改革顶层设计和地方研究探索提供参考。 相似文献
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浅析我国林业行政案件发生的原因与对策 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
夏郁芳 《绿色中国(A版)》2005,(2):51-53
阐述了我国林业行政案件预防和查处的重要意义,并对林业行政案件发生的原因进行了分析。从加强执法能力建设、激发执法队伍活力、加大对违法犯罪的惩治力度、改善执法外部环境等方面,提出了预防和减少林业行政案件的对策措施。 相似文献
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国家林业总局局长王志宝在全国林业厅局长会议上的讲话指出要加强执法队伍的建设，其中提到要进一步提高林业执法人员的整体素质。高素质的执法队伍是严格执行法律法规的前提和基础，要求强化对执法人员队伍的培训，提高执法人员的政治业务素质。我校林业干部培训中心和林业公安专业主要就是面向全省培养林业基层执法人员。笔者一直担任着林业公安专业和林警培训班的法律课程的教学，现就林业公安专业法律课的教学谈几点体会和感受。一、授课教师的专业知识要全面、丰富作为本课程教师，必须具备较丰富的法律专业知识，对法律基础理论应有较… 相似文献
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林业综合行政执法刍议 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
实行林业综合行政执法,从根本上解决了过去长期得不到解决的林业系统内部执法机构重权轻责、职能交叉、滥用职权、执法不力等弊端。文章综合分析了林业综合行政执法的主、客体及执法内容,如何合理规范林业综合行政执法自由裁量权的行使,并重视林业行政处罚的证据调查规则及其听证程序,加强执法的内、外监督机制,提高执法队伍法律综合素质能力。 相似文献
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玛柯河林区林业行政执法现状、问题及对策 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
文章对青海省玛柯河林区林业行政执法的现状和问题进行了深入分析,并就改善执法装备、理顺执法体制、强化队伍建设、规范执法程序和改善执法环境等5个方面提出了相应对策。 相似文献
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结合衢江区林业行政执法工作实际,分析了衢江区林业行政执法工作中存在的少数行政执法事项采取"简化"执法,非法占用林地湿地行为的执法难度较大,自由裁量权使用不当、执法力度不大,"罚缴分离"原则执行不到位,林业执法不作为乱作为等问题,提出了加强教育、提高执法队伍综合素质,完善机制、加强林业行政执法工作的管理,加强监督、规范林业行政执法行为,依法办案、切实保护森林资源等对策与建议。 相似文献
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平谷县林业执法成效显著平谷县从狠抓林业执法队伍建设入手，强化林业行业执法工作。全体林业公安、林政、林保干部团结协作，严格自律，做到四无：无人情条子、无行政干预、无借机牟私、无推诿扯皮。全县１９９３年发生各类毁林案件１４起，全部查清并做了处理，查破率１... 相似文献
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Invasion of natural ecosystems by exotic plant species is a major threat to biodiversity. Disturbance to native plant communities, whether natural or management induced, is a primary factor contributing to successful invasion by exotic plant species. Herbivory by both wild and domestic ungulates exerts considerable impact on structure and composition of native plant communities. Intensive herbivory by ungulates can enhance exotic plant invasion, establishment, and spread for three reasons: (1) many exotic plants are adapted to ground disturbances such as those caused by ungulate feeding, trampling, and movements; (2) many exotic plants are adapted for easy transport from one area to another by ungulates via endozoochory and epizoochory; (3) many exotic plants are not palatable or are of low palatability to ungulates, and consequently, their survival is favored as ungulates reduce or eliminate palatable, native plants. Ungulate herbivory is a chronic, landscape-scale disturbance capable of influencing plant communities as much as episodic events such as fire. Consequently, ungulate herbivory has the potential to facilitate the invasion and establishment of exotic plants in the interior Pacific Northwest where ungulates occupy nearly every ecosystem. Moreover, ungulate herbivory has intensified in many ecosystems, owing to the addition of domestic ungulates with that of existing, wild ungulates, coupled with the reduction or elimination of migratory movements and predators that previously regulated wild ungulate populations and influenced their distributions. Despite the observational evidence for ungulate herbivory as a strong facilitator of exotic plant invasion and establishment, current knowledge of cause–effect relations is severely limited by a lack of manipulative experiments. Most studies have been observational, unreplicated, and lack the experimental controls needed to eliminate or account for confounding sources of variation. Heightened attention to conservation of biodiversity will increase the importance of managing ungulates in balance with the plant communities that support them. 相似文献
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Six mansonoes, previously isolated from Ulmus americana L. infected by Ceratocystis ulmi (Buis.) C. Moreau, were assayed for their inhibitory activity against several strains of the fungus. Mansonone A was most effective in inhibiting the linear growth of six strains of C. ulmi tested. A mixture of the pure mansonones, recombined at their original concentrations, was less inhibitory to the three aggressive strains of C. ulmi than the non-aggressive ones. The total mansonone fraction accounted for all the inhibition of the three non-aggressive strains. 相似文献
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Forested land in the eastern United States is owned by a complex mix of public and private owners, often with highly varied objectives and uses. There is an increasing trend at local scales of community forestry programs that use community-based decision making to determine what type of management will occur on town-owned forests. Within the suburban town of Weston, Massachusetts, this type of coordinated approach has been ongoing for nearly 4 decades. This article describes the integration of forest ecology and management research, including a forest inventory and long-term monitoring program, to educate townspeople about their forests, engage students in ecological research, and provide data that the town can use to make informed management decisions. This article presents a novel model for a research-based community forestry program, results from the first inventory and plot measurement period, and describes how other towns can use this type of program to supplement existing active forest management, or provide a baseline for future management. Results are applicable to municipalities that own forest land, as well as land trusts or other private entities that wish to manage their forests using a community based forestry model. 相似文献
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Forest Law Enforcement, Governance, and Trade agreements between the EU and countries that grow tropical timber aim to complement, alter, or generate new regulatory mechanisms that ensure the legality of timber products. These regulatory changes affect pre-existing policies and practices within timber production networks. The Indonesian-EU Voluntary Partnership Agreement was signed in 2013, and legality verification is scheduled to become mandatory for all smallholders by the end of 2017. Using grower surveys conducted in the Jepara regency of Central Java (n = 204), we generate information on who Jepara smallholders are, what timber species they are growing, and how programs that provide free and discounted seedlings contribute to STP. We use these data to understand how STP operates and how Sistem Verifikasi Legalitas Kayu (SVLK), the Indonesian method for timber legality verification, will affect STP networks and producers. We find that resource provision and oversight of source documentation increase formalization within STP. Our discussion details four policy-relevant insights for promoting STP amid continued formalization. 相似文献
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Responses of swamp bay,Persea palustris,and avocado,Persea americana,to various concentrations of the laurel wilt pathogen,Raffaelea lauricola 
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下载免费PDF全文 M. A. Hughes S. A. Inch R. C. Ploetz H. L. Er A. H. C. van Bruggen J. A. Smith 《Forest Pathology》2015,45(2):111-119
Laurel wilt, caused by the fungus Raffaelea lauricola and transmitted by the exotic ambrosia beetle Xyleborus glabratus, has killed members of the Lauraceae plant family throughout the southeast United States. A series of experiments were conducted to examine the effects of inoculum concentration on the development of laurel wilt in swamp bay, Persea palustris, and avocado, Persea americana. In each experiment, host plants were inoculated with aqueous suspensions of 102, 103, 104 or 105 conidia of R. lauricola, and plants were rated periodically for external symptom development (wilting and foliar dieback). At the end of experiments, plants were rated for internal symptoms of the disease (discoloration of sapwood) and assayed for R. lauricola on a semi‐selective medium. Symptom severity in swamp bay was significantly lower for the 102 treatment than at higher (103–105) concentrations, whereas 102 and 103 conidia caused less disease than 104 and 105 conidia in avocado. At the lowest inoculum concentration, 67% of the swamp bay plants and 20% of the avocados died by the time the respective experiments were terminated. The pathogen was recovered from a high proportion of the symptomatic sapwood of swamp bay (100%) and avocado (94%), and sapwood discoloration and recovery of R. lauricola from inoculated stems of swamp bay were highly correlated with recovery of the pathogen and symptom development in roots. Clearly, swamp bay and avocado are very sensitive to R. lauricola. The ability of only 100 conidia of this pathogen to kill these hosts suggests that few individuals of X. glabratus or other ambrosia beetles that carry low levels of the pathogen would be sufficient to transmit conidia that infect and lead to disease development. The results are also relevant to the development of disease‐tolerant host selections, as they indicate levels of the pathogen appropriate for use in screening plants for disease resistance. 相似文献
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We summarized the status of wolves (Canis lupus), elk (Cervis elaphus), and woody browse conditions during the 20th century for the upper Gallatin elk winter range in southwestern Montana, USA. During this period, wolves were present until about the mid-1920s, absent for seven decades, and then returned to the basin in 1996. A chronosequence of photographs, historical reports, and studies indicated willows (Salix spp.) along streams became heavily browsed and eventually suppressed following the removal of wolves, apparently due to unimpeded browsing by elk. However, after wolf establishment in 1996, browsing intensity on willows lessened in some areas and we hypothesized that, at both a landscape and fine scale, browsing pressure reflects terrain configurations influencing predation risk (nonlethal effects), in conjunction with lower elk densities (lethal effects). We measured browsing intensity and heights of Booth willow (S. boothii) along 3000 m reaches of the Gallatin River and a tributary to examine the potential influence of wolf/elk interactions upon willow growth. Where the Gallatin Valley is relatively narrow (high predation risk), willows began releasing in 1999 and by 2002 were relatively tall (150–250 cm). In contrast, willow heights along a wider portion of the Gallatin Valley, along the open landscape of the tributary, and an upland site (all low predation risk) generally remained low (<80 cm). We identified terrain and other features that may contribute to the perceived risk of wolf predation, by elk for a given site. Although alternative mechanisms are discussed, changes in willow communities over time following wolf removal and their subsequent reintroduction were consistent with a top-down trophic cascade model involving nonlethal and possibly lethal effects. If similar top-down effects upon vegetation hold true in other regions of North America and other parts of the world where wolves have been extirpated, wolf recovery may represent a management option for helping to restore riparian plant communities and conserve biodiversity. 相似文献
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东莞蕨类植物区系研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
采用野外调查与查阅标本相结合的方法,对东莞蕨类植物区系及其分布特点进行研究,结果表明:东莞市有蕨类植物37科66属125种,其区系特点为:①分布区类型在科、属、种的水平上皆以热带、亚热带性质为主,占各自总数的64.87%、75.76%与61.60%。②科与属的分布区类型显示出东莞蕨类植物区系从热带向亚热带过渡的性质,与温带蕨类植物区系的联系较弱;在种的水平上,温带成分占总数的28.80%,呈现出热带蕨类植物区系向温带蕨类植物区系过渡的特点。③在种的水平上热带亚洲分布及东亚分布类型构成了东莞蕨类植物区系的主体,各占38.40%和20.80%。④与周边4个地区的比较中,与深圳的相似性为最高,与乐昌的相似性为最低;总体上,东莞蕨类植物区系与周围地区关系较为密切。 相似文献
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Gholamhosein Moradi Mohammad Reza Marvie Mohadjer Ghavamodin Zahedi Amiri Anoushirvan Shirvany Nosratollah Zargham 《林业研究》2010,21(2):201-206
在Postband地区(27°58′4″-28°2′16″N,53°17′34″-53°22′30″E),辨别植物种、植物多样性、生活型及地中海气候、Irano-Torunian和撒哈拉-新店相关植物种。2008年6月至2006年12月间,调查和辨认了29个科,69个属,总计95个种。就物种频度而言,菊科和禾本科是重要的科。按照Raunkiaer's生活型谱系统和利用■2检测,生活型谱表明,年生植物、地面芽植物、高位芽植物、地上芽植物和陷芽植物分别占据全部植物种的47%、31%、12%、7%和3%。在地理分布上,Irano-Torunia地区,拥有最高的频度的29%的物种。结果表明,一年生植物比生活型基准群谱高;高位芽植物比生活型基准群谱低,这与在干旱地区的研究数据相一致。图1表4参50。 相似文献
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Ted R. Turner Steven D. Duke Brian R. Fransen Maryanne L. Reiter Andrew J. Kroll Jim W. Ward Janette L. Bach Tiffany E. Justice Robert E. Bilby 《Forest Ecology and Management》2010
Elevated landslide rates in forested landscapes can adversely impact aquatic habitat and water quality and remove and/or degrade soil resources required for forest regeneration. As a result, understanding the associations between management actions, natural factors, and landslide rates is important information needed for land managers. An unusual and powerful storm in early December, 2007, caused record flooding and thousands of landslides across southwest Washington and northwest Oregon, USA, and provided a rare opportunity to examine the effects of both natural factors and forest management practices on landslide density. Landslide inventory data were collected from both aerial photos and systematic field surveys to provide a broad survey database that was used to develop estimates of landslide density and to examine associations between landslide density, precipitation, topography, and forest stand age across a 152,000 ha forested landscape in the Willapa Hills, Washington. We estimated the probability of detecting landslides on aerial photos for six strata defined by forest stand age and a broad range of rainfall intensity, expressed as percent of the 100-year, 24-h, maximum rainfall. Key findings are that landslide detection probability decreased with increasing stand age, but was similar across rainfall intensities. The overall fraction of field-detected landslides that were not detected on 1:12,000-scale aerial photos was 39%. Very few landslides occurred in the 0–100% of 100-year rainfall category, regardless of stand age or slope gradient class. At higher rainfall intensities, significantly higher landslide densities occurred on steep slopes (>70% gradient) compared to lower gradient slopes, as expected. Above ∼150% of 100-year rainfall, the density of landslides was ∼2–3 times larger in the 0–5 and 6–10 year stand age categories than in the 11–20, 21–30, 31–40, and 41+ categories. The effect of stand age was strongest at the highest rainfall intensities. Our results demonstrate that ground-based landslide inventory data are required in order to correct for detection bias from aerial photos, develop reasonable estimates of landslide density across environmental gradients such as rainfall magnitude and topography, and make unbiased interpretations of relationships between forest management associations and landslide occurrence. 相似文献
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Alex Fajardo Jonathan M. Graham John M. Goodburn Carl E. Fiedler 《Forest Ecology and Management》2007
Little is known about ponderosa pine forest ecosystem responses to restoration practices in the Northern Rocky Mountains, USA. In this study, restoration treatments aimed at approximating historical forest structure and disturbances included modified single-tree selection cutting, with and without prescribed burning. We compared the effectiveness of restoration treatments on growth, vigor, and composition of recruitment responses with untreated controls. We used a randomized block design to detect treatment differences in mean individual tree basal area increment (BAInc10), growth efficiency (GE), and recruitment abundance between two restoration treatments (Cut-only and Cut-burn) and a Control. We further examined treatment effects by tree age-class (Young, Mature, Presettlement) using a spatial ANOVA model that incorporates the spatial autocorrelation among trees within experimental units. Ten years after implementing restoration treatments, mean individual tree BAInc10 and GE were significantly higher for treated units relative to Control units; all three age-classes benefited similarly from restoration treatments relative to the Control, with the greatest response in the Cut-only and moderate response in the Cut-burn. When treated units were compared, Cut-burn negatively affected BAInc10 and GE relative to Cut-only. Presettlement trees responded positively to treatment relative to the Control, particularly for BAInc10, demonstrating the potential of these old trees to respond to reduced competition. The Cut-burn treatment, in contrast, negatively affected the BAInc10 and GE response of postsettlement trees when compared to Cut-only. Restoration treatments did not reduce the amount of Douglas-fir recruits. In addition, the recruitment of both ponderosa pine and Douglas-fir species was associated with the proximate cover of woody debris in Cut-only and Control treatments. Finally, special consideration needs to be taken for spring Cut-burn treatments, which appeared to dampen growth and vigor, relative to Cut-only, particularly for Young and Mature trees, and increased recruitment of ponderosa pine and particularly Douglas-fir. 相似文献