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新型冠状病毒(SARS-CoV-2)感染导致的新冠肺炎(COVID-19)疫情自2019年12月以来,已在全球221个国家和地区传播,导致1亿多人感染,230多万人死亡。SARS-CoV-2除了对公共卫生产生极大影响之外,全球已有24个国家和地区报告470余起动物感染疫情,涉及犬、猫、水貂、狮子、老虎等多种动物。因此,在同一健康框架下,应高度关注动物感染SARS-CoV-2的早期预警。本文描述了动物感染SARS-CoV-2的国际流行特点,对其流行现状和感染动物种类进行了综合分析,评估了当前国内防控动物SARS-CoV-2感染面临的形势,并提出了针对性的防控建议,为国内COVID-19联防联控和养殖业健康安全提供了借鉴。 相似文献
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布鲁菌病是由布鲁菌感染引起的一种危害严重的人兽共患病,该病可以造成动物的流产和不育,以及人类的波浪热。布鲁菌病在全球范围内流行,目前报道有布鲁菌病发生的国家和地区达到160多个。鉴于该病对畜牧业的发展和人类公共卫生安全的巨大威胁,世界动物卫生组织(OIE)、联合国粮食与农业组织(FAO)和世界卫生组织(WHO)等国际组织对布鲁菌的防控给予了广泛的重视。本文阐述了OIE、FAO和WHO等国际组织在布鲁菌病防控领域各自所发挥的作用,并针对布鲁菌病防控方面提出了我国未来参与国际合作的相关建议。 相似文献
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本文全面介绍了MERS的疾病概况、人间及动物间流行情况,目前该病已经蔓延到全球25个国家,造成1300余人感染、近500人死亡,并有4个国家发现骆驼MERS病例;总结了世界卫生组织（WHO）、世界动物卫生组织（OIE）和联合国粮农组织（FAO）等采取的防控措施,并从病毒来源、能否人际间传播、有效疫苗和药物研制等3个方面对MERS的研究进展进行了概述。目前认为,人类MERS的传染源可能是骆驼, MERS-CoV仅发生了有限的人传人,还没有研制出有效的特异性疫苗和药物。本文还简述了我国的防控情况,并提出了相关防控建议。 相似文献
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西尼罗热是人兽共患虫媒病，1937年首发于非洲乌干达，1990年代前主要呈散发或小规模流行，1999年传入美国首次进入西半球后，短短几年扩散至全美，其暴发流行引起了人们极大关注。近20年该病在世界各国频频暴发，造成人、马、鸟类的大量感染及死亡，严重威胁人类和动物的健康及生命安全，为此被世界卫生组织（WHO）列为全球重大流行病之一。本文对该病的病原特性、血清型和基因型、宿主、传播媒介、传播方式、临床表现、发病率和病死率、流行季节、诊断方法、疫苗和药物等方面进行了简单介绍，对国内外疫情形势及我国的传入传播风险进行了分析，并提出了该病的防控应对措施，以期为我国科学防控该病提供依据。 相似文献
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Beran GW 《Preventive veterinary medicine》2008,86(3-4):198-207
When early people made their appearance, zoonotic infectious diseases were already waiting, but epidemic diseases did not appear in human history until people began to live in large numbers under conditions of close contact, mainly during the last 10,000 years. Disease has decimated urban populations, conquered armies, and disrupted society. The focus here is on (1) the plague of Athens and the Black Death; (2) smallpox, influenza, and rabies; (3) avian influenza prion diseases, and foot & mouth disease; and (4) emerging and re-emerging diseases. All have veterinary public health associations. In Athens, Greece, in 430 BC, when the Spartans ravaged the countryside, hordes crowded into Athens so that orderly movements, space in which to live, and adequate supplies of food became impossible. Crowding of any population fosters disease transmission; chaos and disorder enhance it all the more. Out of northern Egypt came a terrible plague from across the Mediterranean Sea. The identity of the plague of Athens remains unsure, but the well-considered conclusion is Rift Valley Fever, a mosquito borne, viral zoonosis. The Black Death, also called the Plague, raged in Asia for centuries. In 1347, the Black Death was brought by a ship out of Asia to Sicily. The scenes of devastation were repeated throughout Europe, with 90% or more of the people dying in city after city. Influenza, too, has been a cause of periodic human epidemics, but the great pandemic of influenza occurred in the last months of World War I. In the years of highest occurrence, more than half the world's population became clinically infected. If veterinary public health had been born earlier, it could have led to elucidating the epidemiology of influenza and the plagues of Athens, Europe, and Asia. In turn, smallpox had also caused continual tragedy. In 1796, Edward Jenner began to harvest pustules of cowpox from children or infected cows and inject them into susceptible children. In 1980, the World Health Organization declared that smallpox had been eliminated from the world. Rabies, though, still strikes terror. A number of animal diseases, broadly termed emerging and re-emerging diseases, need surveillance because they have the potential to impact human health. From late in 2003 to 2007, the highly pathogenic H5N1 influenza virus in poultry infected at least 121 people and caused 62 deaths in four countries. The prion diseases, too, all have very high numbers in concentrated contacts. To control these diseases, veterinary public health is essential, with diagnosis, epidemiological surveillance, clinical manifestations, and prevention as primary measures. 相似文献
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Dekker A Dercksen D Snoep J van Wuyjckhuise L 《Tijdschrift voor diergeneeskunde》2007,132(18):695-701
On 26th of july 2007 a new case of bluetongue was notified in the Netherlands and on 2nd of august 2007 foot-and-mouth disease was diagnosed in Surrey, England, which raised the threat of having both infections simultaniously in one area. Bluetongue and foot-and-mouth disease have a different pathogenesis, but symptoms may resemble each other at a later stage of infection. The pathogenesis and possible clinical symptoms of both infections are discussed and illustrated with pictures. 相似文献
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在动物的异常行为中以刻板行为最为常见,而咽气癖又是马最常见的口部刻板行为之一。作者就咽气癖在生理方面和心智方面对马体产生的影响、行为基础、诱因的研究进展及常见的防治措施进行综述。 相似文献
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