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1.
建立了采用Oasia PRiME HLB固相萃取柱净化-超高效液相色谱-同位素稀释串联质谱法(UPLC-MS/MS)快速测定水产品中硝基呋喃类代谢物残留的方法。样品加入同位素内标,超声衍生化后用乙酸乙酯超声提取,经Oasia PRiME HLB固相萃取柱一次性净化后上机检测,电喷雾-正离子多反应监测模式,内标法定量。该方法将测试时间缩短至4小时。结果显示,4种硝基呋喃类代谢物的检测限为0.01μg/kg,定量限为0.03μg/kg,在0.05~10ng/mL质量浓度范围内线性良好,4种硝基呋喃类代谢物相关系数r均大于0.999,5个添加浓度水平的平均回收率为88.5%~115.2%,相对标准偏差均小于8,说明该方法快速、准确并且重复性好。 相似文献
2.
液相色谱-串联质谱法测定水产饲料中喹乙醇残留量 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
为测定水产饲料中喹乙醇的残留量,建立了高效液相色谱-串联质谱的测定方法.水产饲料经5%甲醇溶液提取,HLB固相萃取小柱净化后上机定量检测.采用Zorbax XDB C18色谱柱,并以O.2%乙酸水溶液+甲醇(60+40,体积分数)为流动相,色谱分离后直接进串联质谱器.采用电喷雾正离子,多反应监测模式检测,外标法定量.在1～20 mg/L浓度下具有良好的线性关系,方法的定量限为0.04 mg,/kg,添加浓度在1-20 mg/kg时的回收率为72.2%～98.5%,相对标准偏差小于7.9%. 相似文献
3.
针对硝基呋喃类代谢物的胶体金免疫层析法(GICA)检测方法存在的缺陷,实验以硝基呋喃类代谢物实际阳性样本和模拟阳性样本为研究对象,选择液相色谱-串联质谱(LC-MS/MS)辅助优化GICA代谢物的水解和衍生条件前处理步骤,建立了一种快速检测水产品中硝基呋喃类代谢物的方法.结果显示最佳实验条件为:盐酸浓度0.35 mol... 相似文献
4.
《中国渔业质量与标准》2016,(4)
采用超高压液相色谱-三重串联四级杆质谱仪优化了渔业养殖水和底泥中4种硝基呋喃代谢物残留检测的方法。确定以2-硝基苯甲醛为衍生剂,样品经60℃高温振荡衍生4 h,再经乙酸乙酯提取,C_(18)色谱柱分离,在正离子反应模式下以大气压电喷雾源电离,采用多反应监测,内标法定量。方法中4种硝基呋喃代谢物的检出限为0.1 ng/mL(g),定量限为0.25 ng/mL(g),在0.25~10 ng/mL(g)线性范围良好,0.5、2.0、5.0 ng/mL(g)3个添加水平回收率范围为91.3%~102.2%,相对标准偏差均小于10%。本方法具有重复性好、灵敏度高、简便、准确以及快速的优点,可以满足渔业养殖环境中硝基呋喃类药物残留的监控要求。 相似文献
5.
《河北渔业》2015,(9)
改进了淡水水体和沉积物中4种硝基呋喃代谢物呋喃唑酮代谢物(AOZ)、呋喃它酮代谢物(AMOZ)、呋喃妥因代谢物(AHD)、呋喃西林代谢物(SEM)的高效液相色谱串联质谱(LC-MS/MS)检测方法。方法采用内标法定量,提高了定量的准确性。水及沉积物样品直接进行衍生化后乙酸乙酯提取,化合物采用Thermo C18(5.0μm,100mm×2.1mm)色谱柱进行分离,以0.1%甲酸/甲醇-5mmol/L乙酸铵水溶液(含0.1%甲酸)为流动相梯度洗脱。方法的线性范围为0.1~200ng/mL,r2≥0.999。空白水体在0.02、1.0、10.0ng/L 3个加标水平下的平均回收率为75.4%~82.7%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为3.2%~8.7%,检出限(LOD)和定量下限(LOQ)分别为0.01ng/mL和0.02ng/mL。沉积物样品在0.3、1.0、10μg/kg 3个加标水平下,平均回收率为77.9%~93.6%,RSD为2.5%~7.8%,检出限(LOD)和定量下限(LOQ)分别为0.1μg/kg和0.3μg/kg。该方法灵敏度高、选择性好,适用于实际淡水养殖环境水体和底泥中4种硝基呋喃代谢物呋喃唑酮代谢物的残留测定。 相似文献
6.
研究了淡水养殖用水中4种硝基呋喃代谢物:呋喃唑酮代谢物(AOZ)、呋喃它酮代谢物(AMOZ)、呋喃妥因代谢物(AHD)、呋喃西林代谢物(SEM)的超高效液相色谱-串联质谱(UPLC/MS/MS)分析方法。以邻硝基苯甲醛作为衍生化试剂,D4-AOZ、D5-AMOZ、13C15N-SEM、13C-AHD作内标,用水解衍生的方法对样品进行处理。以乙腈和0.1%甲酸(含有0.5 mmol/mL乙酸铵)水溶液为流动相,采用梯度洗脱,4.5 min可将4种代谢物完全分离,进行定性和定量分析。加标回收率为75.1%～102%;本方法的检出限(LOD)为0.50μg/L。 相似文献
7.
本文用高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定鲍鱼中3-氨基-2-噁唑烷基酮(AOZ)、5-甲基吗啉-3-氨基-2-噁唑烷基酮(AMOZ)、氨基脲(SEM)、1-氨基-2-内酰脲(AHD)4种硝基呋喃类代谢物残留量的方法。0.2mol/L盐酸溶液水解鲍鱼组织中与蛋白结合的硝基呋喃类代谢物,用0.05mol/L的2-硝基苯甲醛溶液(2-NBA)37℃衍生16小时。用1.0mol/L磷酸氢二钾溶液调节pH至7.0~7.5,乙酸乙酯萃取。采用电喷雾电离,正离子扫描,选择反应监测模式(SRM)监测,内标法定量。本方法对4种硝基呋喃类代谢物标准曲线的线性回归系数均在0.99以上,线性范围为0.5μg/kg~20μg/kg。方法定量限为0.5μg/kg。在添加浓度0.5μg/kg~5μg/kg,回收率在75.2%~102.1%之间,相对标准偏差为3.56%~12.6%。说明本方法简单、灵敏,结果可靠,可满足实验室大量、快速分析的需求。 相似文献
8.
超高效液相色谱串联质谱法测定水产养殖水体中49种兽药的残留量 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《中国渔业质量与标准》2017,(3)
建立了超高效液相色谱串联质谱测定水产养殖水体中硝基呋喃类、磺胺类、氟喹诺酮类、大环内酯类等11类、49种药物的分析方法。样品分别采用固相萃取法和冷冻干燥法浓缩后,经Kinetex C18色谱柱分离,乙腈和0.1%甲酸水作为流动相梯度洗脱,正负离子同时扫描,多时段-多反应监测模式下测定,外标法定量。各种药物在相应的浓度范围内线性关系良好,相关系数大于0.998。冷冻干燥法各种药物的方法检出限为5~30 ng/L,加标回收率为63.1%~120%,相对标准偏差15.2%。固相萃取法各种药物的方法检出限为1~5 ng/L,除孔雀石绿类外,加标回收率为67.1%~119%,相对标准偏差13.6%。方法灵敏度高、重现性好,适用于测定水产养殖场池塘水样中残留的多种类药物。 相似文献
9.
建立了超高效液相色谱-电喷雾串联质谱法同时测定鱼类加工品中12种杂环胺类化合物（HAAs）的分析方法。经过条件优化,肉样选用乙酸乙酯、氨水和三乙胺提取,提取液经MCX固相萃取小柱净化,按V（甲醇）∶V（氨水）=9∶1洗脱,采用Thermo Hypersil Gold C18色谱柱,以甲醇和5 mmol.L-1乙酸铵溶液为流动相进行梯度洗脱分离,电喷雾离子源（ESI）,正离子模式,采用选择反应监测（SRM）扫描模式,内标法进行定量分析。结果表明,12种HAAs在1.0～100.0μg.L-1范围内线性关系良好,相关系数R〉0.99,在12 min内实现分离,3个加标水平的平均回收率为42.98%～125.00%（n=6）,相对标准偏差（RSD）为1.49%～9.88%,检测限（LOD）为0.3～1.0μg.kg-1。该方法简便快捷,准确度高,易推广应用,可作为快速测定鱼类加工品中多种HAAs的有效方法。 相似文献
10.
建立了液相色谱-串联质谱测定水产品中孔雀石绿及其代谢物残留的检测方法。样品经乙酸铵盐溶液和乙腈提取,经二氯甲烷萃取,PRS阳离子交换柱净化,然后选用电喷雾离子源,在正离子、多反应监测方式模式下进行定性,以内标法进行定量。方法的检出限为0.10μg·kg-1,工作曲线的线性范围为0.10~4.00μg·kg-1。在添加浓度为0.10~4.00μg·kg-1的范围内,孔雀石绿和隐色孔雀石绿的平均回收率均分别为83.4%和95.0%,相对标准偏差分别为6.23%和6.74%。 相似文献
11.
Liping Li Rui Wang Wanwen Liang Xi Gan Ting Huang Yan Huang Jian Li Yunliang Shi Honglin Luo Ming Chen 《广西水产科技》2014,(1)
Previously, we reported 10 PEGE types of 85 tilapia Streptococcus agalactiae(GBS), which shifted from Streptococcus iniae in China, by using PEGE method. Presently, larger and more representative tilapia GBS were isolated, for the ?rst time in China, to characterize their serotypes and genetic diversities more precisely than had done before. 168 GBS strains were distributed in ?ve provinces of China, in which Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan were the major ones, holding36.9%(62/168), 37.5%(63/168) and 19.6%(33/168), respectively. Serotypes, Ia, Ib and III, were observed in these strains and the most predominant one was Ia(95.2%), which mainly distributed in Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan. Ia initially occurred in 2009, it shoot up to 32.1% in 2010,but decreased to 16.1% in 2011 before went up to 45.2% in 2012. Ib sporadically occurred during2007–2011, III onlyoccurred in 2012. 14 different PFGE types, including 4 new types(N, O,P and Q), were observed, in which B, D, F and G were the predominant types, holding 83.9%(141/168) of the total GBS strains. Ia corresponded to 11 PFGE types(A–H, N–P), in which type D predominated(51%). Ib represented 3 genotypes(I, J and Q) and III harbored only 2genotypes(N and F). Type N and Fsynchronously presented in Ia and III. In summary, the genetic diversity of tilapia GBS varied by serotypes and changed with geographical locations and years.Although Iastillpredominated, new rareserotypeIII alreadyoccurred in China. 相似文献
12.
13.
Growth hormone (GH) and reproduction: a review 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
Florence Le Gac Odile Blaise Alex Fostier Pierre-Yves Le Bail Maurice Loir Brigitte Mourot Claudine Weil 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》1993,11(1-6):219-232
Interaction between growth and reproduction occurs in many vertebrates and is particularly obvious at certain stages of the life cycle in fish. Endocrine interactions between the gonadotropic axis and the somatotropic axis are described, the potential role of GH being emphasised. A comparative analysis of these phenomena in mammals, amphibians and fish, suggests a specific role of GH in the physiology of puberty, gametogenesis and fertility. It also shows the original contribution made by studies on the fish model in this field of investigations. 相似文献
14.
Two gonadotropins (GtH; Qa and Qb) were purified by gel filtration and ion exchange chromatography from the pituitaries of Indian walking catfish (Clarias batrachus). The presence of GtH during purification was assessed by in vitro oocyte maturation and in vivo steroidogenic activity, and their identities were determined by elution profiles, molecular weight, biological activities and yield. The molecular weights of Qa and Qb were 37 and 42 kDa, respectively, and composed of distinct subunits (Qa: 20 and 14 kDa and Qb: 26 and 18 kDa). Polyclonal antibodies raised against Qa immunostained Qa, Qb and pituitary GtH cells. A competitive Qa‐ELISA was developed whose sensitivity was 6.25 ng mL?1 (1.25 ng well?1) with intra‐ (3.5%) and inter‐ (12.4%) assay coefficients of variation. Displacement curves parallel to the standard were obtained with plasma and pituitary extracts of catfish, Qb and carp GtHII. The assay was validated by measuring the plasma Qa levels after LHRH treatment and in relation to ovarian growth in the female catfish during different reproductive phases. Based on the results, Qa and Qb corresponded to fish LH and FSH respectively. The findings will increase the knowledge of the mechanisms controlling fish reproduction and identification of sensitive phases in fish in captivity for hormonal manipulation. 相似文献
15.
Controlled infection of Poecilia reticulata Peters (guppy) with Tetrahymena by immersion and intraperitoneal injection 
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下载免费PDF全文 G Sharon M Pimenta‐Leibowitz M C L Vilchis N Isakov D Zilberg 《Journal of fish diseases》2015,38(1):67-74
Tetrahymena is a protozoan parasite, which infects guppy, Poecilia reticulata Peters, and causes substantial economical losses in commercial farms worldwide. Studies of guppy infected by Tetrahymena require standardized infection protocols. The LD50 for Tetrahymena infection of guppies by intraperitoneal (IP) injection was calibrated, and the level obtained was 946 parasites per fish. Guppy infection with Tetrahymena by immersion, imitating the natural route of infection via the integument, was studied under normal or stress conditions. Exposure to cold and netting (CNI) and to cold only (CI) followed by immersion exposure to 10 000 Tetrahymena per mL resulted in 22.5% and 19.2% mortality, respectively, as compared to 14.2% and 10% in groups that were netted only (NI) or non‐stressed (I). Histopathology revealed that immersion infection resulted in a systemic infection. Lysozyme levels, measured 3 weeks after infection, were significantly higher in the CNI group (288 μg per mg protein) compared with CI‐, NI‐ and I‐treated groups (94.5, 64 and 62.3 μg mg?1, respectively). There was no evident parasite immobilization activity in body homogenates, suggesting no development of acquired immunity. Re‐infection by IP injection revealed no increase in protection in any of the treatment groups, mortality range of 56.3–75%, higher than in the non‐exposed control (40.6% mortality). 相似文献
16.
There has been growing concern about the overuse of antibiotics in the ornamental fish industry and its possible effect on the increasing drug resistance in both commensal and pathogenic organisms in these fish. The aim of this study was to carry out an assessment of the diversity of bacteria, including pathogens, in ornamental fish species imported into North America and to assess their antibiotic resistance. Kidney samples were collected from 32 freshwater ornamental fish of various species, which arrived to an importing facility in Portland, Oregon from Colombia, Singapore and Florida. Sixty‐four unique bacterial colonies were isolated and identified by PCR using bacterial 16S primers and DNA sequencing. Multiple isolates were identified as bacteria with potential to cause disease in both fish and humans. The antibiotic resistance profile of each isolate was performed for nine different antibiotics. Among them, cefotaxime (16% resistance among isolates) was the antibiotic associated with more activity, while the least active was tetracycline (77% resistant). Knowing information about the diversity of bacteria in imported ornamental fish, as well as the resistance profiles for the bacteria will be useful in more effectively treating clinical infected fish, and also potential zoonoses in the future. 相似文献
17.
Effect of iodophor disinfection of non‐hardened Salmo trutta eggs on their bacterial and fungus load 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 Franz Lahnsteiner 《Aquaculture Research》2017,48(7):3901-3909
This study investigated the efficiency of iodophor disinfection (135 ppm active iodine for 15–30 min) of non‐hardened Salmo trutta eggs against different groups of bacteria and against fungus. Egg samples were taken from non‐disinfected and from disinfected eggs, microorganisms were cultured on specific nutrient media and their mass was measured by turbidimetric methods. Bacteria and fungus mass of non‐hardened eggs could be reduced but not eliminated by iodophor disinfection with 135 ppm active iodine for 15 min. The extent of reduction was 47–65% (Experiment 1). The efficiency of disinfection increased with disinfection time as the reduction in bacteria and fungus mass was 40–55% after 15 min and 58–74% after 30 min (Experiment 2). Disinfection efficiency of iodophor solution diluted in water (reduction 49–57%) and of iodophor solution diluted in sodium chloride solution iso‐osmolar to the oocytes (reduction 52–61%) was similar (Experiment 3). The reduction in bacteria and fungus mass was persistent as it was 39–72% lower in embryos deriving from disinfected eggs than in embryos deriving from non‐disinfected ones (Experiment 4). In conclusion, the tested disinfection method is inadequate to eliminate pathogens completely but it could positively influence immune defence of eggs and embryos. 相似文献
18.
The endemic, anadromous cyprinidChalcalburnus tarichi is the only fish species known to occur in alkaline Lake Van (Eastern Anatolia, Turkey). EightC. tarichi were maintained individually in Lake Van water (17 – 19°C; pH 9.8; 153 mEq·I–1 total alkalinity; 22 total salinity) and tank water samples analyzed for 24 h in 2 to 4 h intervals. At zero time, < 1µM ammonia was present and urea was undetectable in the tank water; at 24 h, total ammonia and urea made up 114±32 and 35±25µM, respectively. Over the experimental period, ammonia-N and urea-N excretion averaged 1041±494 and 607±169moles·kg–1 fish·h–1, respectively. The extent of urea excretion was highly variable between specimens. Uric acid excretion was not detectable.Urea was present at high concentrations in all tissues and plasma (25 – 35moles·g–1·ml–1) of freshly caughtC. tarichi; total ammonia content of the tissues was by a factor of 1.9 (liver) to 3.0 (brain) lower. High arginase activity (2.4±0.2 U·min–1·g–1) was detected in the liver ofC. tarichi but ornithine carbamoylphosphate transferase, a key enzyme of the ornithine-urea-cycle, was absent. Ureagenesis is likely through degradation of arginine and/or uricolysis. High glutamine synthetase activity (11±0.6 U·min–1·g–1) and low ammonia content in brain suggest that, like other teleosts,C. tarichi has an efficient ammonia detoxification in the brain, but in no other tissue.Nitrogenous waste excretion at alkaline pH is discussed. The ability ofC. tarichi to excrete high levels of ammonia at extremely alkaline pH is unique among teleosts studied so far. The mechanism of ammonia excretion under Lake Van conditions remains to be elucidated. 相似文献
19.
T. Citarasu K. Venkatramalingam M. Micheal Babu R. Raja Jeya Sekar M. Petermarian 《Aquaculture International》2003,11(6):581-595
The indiscriminate use of antibiotics and chemicals in shrimp hatcheries has led to biomagnification and that in turn could
lead to rejection of a whole consignment. The application of the bioencapsulation technique as a tool for curative treatment
in shrimp larvae was investigated. Herbs having antibacterial properties such as Solanum trilobatum, Andrographis paniculata and Psoralea corylifolia (methanolic extracts) were bioencapsulated in Artemia and fed to Penaeus monodon post larvae PL 1–25. The post larvae were reared in a medium inoculated with pathogenic bacteria such as Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhi and Vibrio sp. Post larvae reared in the non-inoculated water and fed with non-enriched Artemia exhibited 90% survival, highest specific growth rate (12.43%) and reduced bacterial load. P. monodon reared in the bacterial inoculated water and fed with the non-enriched Artemia exhibited the lowest survival (10–30%), specific growth rate (8.42–9.1%) and increased bacterial load (2.86 × 103 to 3.76 × 105 cfu/g). The methanolic extracts of the herbs helped to increase survival and specific growth rate and reduced bacterial load
in the P. monodon culture system. Among the three herbal extracts, P. corylifolia enriched Artemia fed post larvae showed the tendency to higher survival (>50%), growth rate (11.5 averaged) and low bacterial load (1.12 × 105 cfu/g).
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献