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1.
Qin-Jian Pan Lin Chen Xiao-Li Lin Thomas J. Ridsdill-Smith Tong-Xian Liu 《Journal of pest science》2014,87(4):659-670
The diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae), is one of the most important pests of crucifers worldwide. Susceptibility to insecticides and host plants of P. xylostella vary geographically. To investigate local adaptation, we measured the variation of the biology, life-histories and life-table parameters of P. xylostella populations from five widely ranging geographical regions in China, Beijing (BJ), Shandong (SD), Shaanxi (SX), Yunnan (YN), and Guangdong (GD), using the same variety of cabbage (Brassicae oleracea L. var. capitata; var. “Qingan 80”) as the food plant at the same temperature in the laboratory. Principal components analysis showed the life-history and life-table parameters of P. xylostella differed among the five geographical populations. The first component, including female fecundity and adult longevity and male adult longevity, accounted for the most variation among the five geographical regions, which can be classified into three groups: BJ–SX, YN–GD, and SD. The intrinsic rate of increase (r m ) was greatest in BJ and SX, intermediate for GD and YN, and the lowest for SD, whereas mean generation time (T) was greatest in SD, intermediate for YN and GD, and the lowest for BJ and SX. These variations reflect the importance of local genetic adaptation and should be considered when planning management of P. xylostella in China. 相似文献
2.
马尾松种源对磷肥的遗传反应及根际土壤营养差异 总被引：24，自引：3，他引：24
利用5a生马尾松种源与磷肥互作试验林，研究不同种源对磷肥的遗传反应式样以及在低(缺)磷环境下的根际营养差异。结果发现，广东高州和广西岑溪两种源对磷肥的反应显著，属于对磷肥敏感型种源。广东信宜和福建武平两种源对磷肥反应不敏感，属于耐低磷型或对磷肥不敏感型种源，而江西崇义种源显著的磷肥效应仅在造林后头2～3年显示。对于根际土的的化学性质，不同种源虽有较大差异，但根际土的有机质、全氮、水解氮和有效磷含量一般显著高于非根际土。不同种源根际对土壤中的磷都具有活化作用和富集作用，尤其是广东信宜和福建武平两种源对土壤磷的活化和富集作用最为强烈，这可初步解释这两个种源对磷肥不敏感、能适应低(缺)磷胁迫的遗传机制。马尾松不同种源根际土壤并未发生明显的酸化。 相似文献
3.
RAPD标记研究马褂木地理种群的遗传分化 总被引：18，自引：5，他引：18
利用RAPD标记对马褂木全分布区 15个种群的遗传多样性进行了分析。研究发现 ,马褂木具有丰富的遗传多样性 ,但东部种群因现有种群小 ,其遗传多样性明显地低于西部种群。种群遗传学研究揭示 ,由于小种群效应 ,以及缺乏有效的基因流和特有的致濒机制 ,马褂木种群间的遗传分化巨大 ,30 %以上的遗传变异存在于种群间。但在不同的地理区域 ,种群间的遗传分化程度不同。在西部分布区 ,地域上相距不远的种群其遗传距离较小 ,而在东部即使两个相邻的种群 ,其遗传距离也非常大。使用Nei’s遗传距离进行算术平均数的非加权成组配对法分析 (UPGMA) ,其聚类结果可以很好地将马褂木划分为西部和东部两个种源区 ,而西部种源又可再划分为西南亚区和华中亚区 相似文献
4.
以江西境内的5个毛红椿天然群体为研究对象,开展基于ISSR与SSR分子标记的群体遗传多样性研究。结果显示,5个群体总体表现为杂合子过剩,纯合子不足,总的遗传多样性偏低;物种水平的基因多样度（h）为0.2524,各群体基因多样度按大小排序为：九连山>官山>井冈山>马头山>岩泉。毛红椿群体规模小且林龄结构单一,推测这是造成其杂合子过剩但是基因多样性低下的主要原因。遗传分化指标（GST）显示受检测的毛红椿各群体间已发生显著分化,但群体内的遗传变异约占总变异的70%,仍是变异的主要来源;群体间基因流值（Nm）仅为0.596,多世代后的随机遗传漂变会逐渐加剧毛红椿群体遗传分化。为保证遗传完整性及保持群体的多样性水平,在江西境内可仅选择遗传多样性水平较高的九连山与官山两个群体来开展毛红椿的资源保存以及迁地保护。 相似文献
5.
仙茅属13个种群遗传多样性ISSR分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为了解我国仙茅属植物种质资源分布情况及其亲缘关系,利用ISSR技术对来自湖南、广西、四川、云南、江西的13个种群的134份野生样本的遗传多样性进行了研究。利用筛选出的15条引物共扩增出256条清晰、重复性好的条带,多态性条带百分比达到91.79%;在种内水平上,多态性位点百分比为4.69%~29.30%,Shannon信息指数为0.028 3~0.160 5。13个种群中遗传多样性最高的为四川宜宾种群,多态性位点百分率为29.30%,Shannon多样性指数为0.160 5;云南9号种群遗传多样性最低,多态性位点百分率为4.69%,Shannon多样性指数为0.028 3。13个种群之间的遗传距离为0.187 1~0.513 1。根据遗传距离进行UPGMA聚类分析,13个种群共聚为2大类,四川宜宾与江西武功山种群最先聚在一起,二者的亲缘关系最近;广西雅长与四川盐边的种群聚在一起,说明二者亲缘关系较云南的较近。 相似文献
6.
ISSR是一种特异性较强、稳定性较高的分子标记方法。本研究采用ISSR-PCR技术,检测了红松(PinuskoraiensisSieb.etZucc)在伊春市汤旺河高峰林场、长白山二道白河、黑河胜山林场和俄罗斯海参崴市郊的四个种群的遗传多样性和遗传分化。15个引物的扩增结果表明:红松群体的多态位点比率是60.70%,平均每个引物3.6个多态位点,多样性水平在松科植物中是较高的;红松分布中心区的遗传多样性要高于边界区;和大多数木本植物一致,红松群体的基因多样性主要来自种群内部,占总基因多样性的73%;红松四个种群的遗传距离和地理距离之间无正相关性。根据研究结果推测,天然红松分布区逐渐缩小的原因不是由于遗传多样性水平过低引起的,而是由于人类的破坏作用,再加上火灾和风倒等因素造成的。 相似文献
7.
LI Wenying GU Wanchun Research Institute of Forestry Policy Information Chinese Academy of Forestry 《中国林业科技(英文版)》2006,5(4):68-75
INTRODUCTION Analysis of the amount and distribution of genetic variation within and among populations of a species can increase the understanding of the historical processes underlying the genetic diversity (Dumolin- Lapegue et al. 1997) and can also provide important basic information for breeding programmes and for the establishment of programmes to conserve genetic resources. Moreover, information on the genetic structure allows for a more representative sample of the species’ gene p… 相似文献
8.
天山樱桃野生居群遗传多样性SSR分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为给天山樱桃种质资源的保护和开发利用提供参考,应用SSR标记技术对新疆天山樱桃4个居群44份种质的遗传多样性进行分析。结果表明:筛选的14对SSR引物共检测到191个位点,包含148个多态性位点。Nei’s基因多样性指数和Shannon信息指数分别为0.239 8和0.367 6,各居群遗传分化系数为0.193 5,基因流为2.084 3。天山樱桃遗传分化水平较低,各居群间基因交流频繁,遗传变异主要存在于居群内。由基于遗传距离的聚类结果可知,裕民县与大西沟居群遗传关系最近,与特克斯居群遗传距离较远,4个天山樱桃居群中大西沟居群遗传多样性最高。 相似文献
9.
Information on population genetic structure and crop genetic diversity is important for genetically improving crop species and conserving threatened species.The PAL gene sequence is part of a multigene family that can be utilized to design DNA marker systems for genetic diversity and population structure investigation.In the current study, genetic diversity and population structure of100 accessions of wild Pistacia species were investigated with 78 PAL markers.A protocol for using PAL sequences as DNA markers was developed.A total of 313 PAL loci were recognized, showing 100% polymorphism for PAL markers.The PAL markers produced relatively more observed and effective alleles in Pistacia falcata and Pistacia atlantica, with a higher Shannon's information index and expected heterozygosity in P.atlantica, Pistacia vera and Pistacia mutica.Pairwise assessment of Nei's genetic distance and genetic identity between populations revealed a close association between geographically isolated populations of Pistacia khinjuk and Pistacia chinensis.The accessions of wild Pistacia species had more genetic relationship among studied groups of species.Analysis of molecular variance indicated 19% amongpopulation variation and 81% within-population variation for the PAL gene based DNA marker.Population structure analysis based on PAL revealed four groups with high genetic admixture among populations.The results establish PAL markers as a functional DNA marker system and provide important genetic information about accessions from wild populations of Pistacia species. 相似文献
10.
Genetic diversity and genetic differentiation of natural Pinus koraiensis population 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
FENG Fu-juan HAN Shi-jie WANG Hong-mei 《林业研究》2006,17(1):21-24
Genetic diversities and genetic differentiations of the four Pinus koraiensis populations （Gaofeng Forestry Farm at Tangwanghe in Yichun City, Erdaobaihe Town in the Changbai Mountains, Shcngshan Forestry Farm in Heihe City, in China, and the suburb of Vladivostok City in Russia） were analyzed by using ISSR PCR technique. The results of 15 primers amplification showed that the ratio of polymorphic site of P koralensis population was 60.7%. Euch primer had 3.6 polymorphic sites, The diversity levels of the four P. koraiensis populations were rather higher compared with those of other Pinaceae species. The genetic diversity levels of t： koraiensis populations grown in the center region were higher than those grown in the edge zone. The genetic diversity of r3 koraiensis mainly came from the interiot of the population, accounting for 73% of total genetic diversity. There were no positive correlation between genetic distances and geographical distances for the four P koraiensis populations. The gradual decrease of natural distribution region of P. koraiensis was due to anthropic destroy and environmental factors （i.e. fire and wind throw）, rather than the lower genetic diversity. 相似文献
11.
采用SRAP分子标记技术,对分布于我国西南3个藏族地区山杨9个居群130个个体进行了遗传结构分析。结果表明,筛选出的7对引物组合共检测到多态性条带(AP)99条,多态性条带百分比(PPB)为59.28%。采用POPGENE软件分析,山杨9个居群平均多态位点百分率(PPB)为33.80%,Nei’s基因多样性指数(H)和Shannon’s信息指数(I)分别为0.130 9和0.213 7,较东北地区山杨具有偏低的遗传多样性。遗传分化系数Gst=0.325 5,表明遗传变异主要存在于居群内个体间。地理距离与遗传距离之间具有弱相关关系(r=0.349,P=94.5%),山脉阻隔效应是导致西南藏族地区山杨居群间遗传分化的主要因素。UPGMA聚类表明,甘孜地区4个居群与迪庆地区的维西居群具有较近的亲缘关系,迪庆地区的德钦、香格里拉居群和昌都地区2个居群的遗传相似度较高。基于西南藏族地区山杨遗传结构分析,建议实施就地保护的同时,建立山杨种质资源库,促进不同居群间的基因交流。 相似文献
12.
白桦种群间木材纤维性状的表型变异与分子标记的遗传多态性 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以东北地区的5个白桦天然种群为研究材料,在木材纤维形态性状测定的基础上,采用ISSR、RAPD分子标记研究了5个种群的遗传变异以及种群间纤维形态性状与DNA分子标记的相关性.结果表明:白桦天然林成熟材(18～31年生)的木材纤维长度在种群间差异不显著,纤维宽度和长宽比差异显著,帽儿山种群的木材纤维形态性状最好,汪清最差;利用ISSR和RAPD 2种标记检测5个白桦种群的遗传多样性,所得的研究结果基本一致,多态位点比率最高的为辽宁新宾种群,其次是帽儿山和汪清,而塔河和金山屯最低;ISSR标记的AMOVA分析表明白桦种群间的遗传变异占总遗传变异的10.82%;RAPD标记的AMOVA分析表明白桦种群间的遗传变异占总遗传变异的12.94%,研究结果均显示白桦的遗传变异主要发生在种群内部.利用2种标记技术的种群聚类结果基本一致,这一结果与基于木材纤维性状的表型聚类基本一致, 而且种群间遗传距离和地理距离之间存在一定的相关性. 相似文献
13.
不同榉树种源遗传多样性的ISSR分析 总被引：7，自引：4，他引：7
应用ISSR(Inter S imp le Sequence Repeat)分子标记技术对云南邱北、易门、龙庆、双柏和浙江平湖5个种源(每种源19个样本)的榉树进行了遗传多样性的研究。由其18条ISSR引物扩增得到216个清晰的条带,其中多态性条带215个,多态性条带百分率(PPB)为99.54%。POPGENE软件分析结果表明,邱北种群的遗传多样性水平最高(PPB=88.43%,HE=0.260 5,HO=0.401 4),其次是易门种群,龙庆、双柏、平湖3个种群的遗传多样性水平相差较小。Ne i’s遗传多样性的分析表明,5个榉树种源在其总的遗传变异中有80.28%的存在于群体内,群体间的遗传变异仅占总变异的19.72%。由UPGMA聚类分析可知,易门和龙庆种群的亲缘关系最近,先聚合在一起,然后依次与邱北、双柏聚类,最后与亲缘关系最远的平湖种群聚合。其研究结果对榉树资源的遗传多样性保护具有指导作用。 相似文献
14.
【目的】基于不同地区茶籽象线粒体ATP合成酶基因遗传分化及结构变异,研究环境压力尤其是海拔对茶籽象不同地理种群遗传多样性及系统发育关系的影响,探讨ATP合成酶基因在适应环境压力中碱基及氨基酸序列结构变化规律,为茶籽象防控提供理论依据。【方法】采集不同地理海拔油茶产区的茶籽象种群,设计ATP合成酶基因特异性引物,PCR扩增获取ATP基因,基于ATP基因应用相关分析软件分析碱基序列遗传多样性及系统发育关系,分析氨基酸序列结构差异及氨基酸使用频率。【结果】获得32个单倍型(NCBI: MH560360—MH560391),其中存在5个共享单倍型,包含个体数2~36不等;茶籽象各地理种群遗传多样性分化无明显规律(核酸多样性π为0.000 86 ~ 0.048 03),茶籽象种群扩张不明显(Tajima’s D < 0,P > 0.05;Fu’s Fs > 0);依据地理海拔,茶籽象种群可显著聚为低海拔和高海拔2个分支,2个分支间受到显著的环境正选择(选择系数:高海拔ω=1.65,低海拔ω=2.26,LRTP<0.001),分化明显( F st =0.374,P < 0.001);低海拔分支 ATP[STBX]8[STBZ]编码解氨基酸序列(36个保守位点)较高海拔分支(27个保守位点)更为保守,且高海拔分支酸性氨基酸使用率较高,这可能与昆虫为适应高海拔而增加蛋白稳定性、提高氧结合效率以及氧化呼吸效率有关。【结论】茶籽象种群ATP合成酶基因分化程度不高,但存在对海拔明显的适应性进化。 相似文献
15.
大花黄牡丹遗传多样性的SRAP分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
应用SRAP标记对西藏特有植物大花黄牡丹的遗传多样性进行研究。用16对引物从5个自然居群79个单株中共检测到396个有效位点,其中多态性位点357个。在物种水平上,多态位点百分率(Ppl)为90.15%,Shannon表型多样性指数(Ηsp)平均为0.2521;居群水平上的Ppl为31.82%,Shannon表型多样性指数(Ho)为0.0694～0.3428,平均值(Ηpop)为0.1307。上述遗传参数表明,大花黄牡丹具有丰富的物种遗传多样性,5个居群中自然居群C的遗传多样性最高(Ppl=82.32%,Ho=0.3428)。据AMOVA分析结果,总的变异中有41.58%的变异存在于居群间,58.42%的变异存在于居群内,居群分化较显著(ΦST=0.4158,P<0.001),由POPGENE1.32得到的居群间遗传分化系数GST(0.4309)和Shannon表型多样性指数计算的居群间遗传多样性所占比例(0.4816)也表明了类似的遗传结构。Mantel检测表明地理距离和Nei’s遗传距离间相关不显著(P>0.05)。利用NTSYSPC(2.1)软件构建大花黄牡丹5个居群79个个体的UPGMA聚类图,遗传相似系数变幅在0.47～0.99,大多数居群内的个体表现出较为密切的亲缘关系(如居群B,D,E),但也有一些居群的个体未聚在一起(如居群C)。依据大花黄牡丹居群遗传变异特点,初步探讨其保护和利用策略。 相似文献
16.
巨桉群体遗传结构分析 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
用20个l0bp随机引物对巨桉11个种源80个个体进行了群体遗传变异的比较分析。共检测到149个位点,其中89个为多态性标记位点,总的多态位点百分率为59．73％。其种源内多态位点百分率(P)、香农信息指数(SI)及遗传分化指数(DC)值均较高,巨桉各种源内遗传变异性丰富;种源间遗传分化指数百分比(PDC)显示,PDC值介于1．52％～10．42％之间,说明巨桉种源间遗传变异较小,即种源群体的变异主要存在于群体内部。8号、10号种源内具有较高的遗传变异,3号和6号种源内的变异水平较低。这些为巨桉种源的选择提供了有利的遗传基础。 相似文献
17.
湘鄂西地区珙桐天然群体遗传结构的研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
以珙桐叶为材料,对湘西和鄂西两天然珙桐群体的60个样品进行RAPD分析.结果表明,9个随机多态引物,获得24个多态标记位点,平均每个引物产生2.67个多态位点;湘西和鄂西两群体之间的遗传多样性差异不明显,Shannon指数分别为0.427 4和0.448 1;种内平均遗传多样性为0.326 9,群体内平均遗传多样性为0.297 6,群体间的遗传多样性为0.029 3,基因分化系数为0.089 6,基因流为5.079 2.两个天然珙桐群体的遗传相似性非常高,达到0.923 3,遗传距离为0.079 8;湘西群体的多态百分位率略高于鄂西.这表明,湘西和鄂西两群体间存在着非常频繁的基因流. 相似文献
18.
天然蒙古栎群体遗传多样性的RAPD分析 总被引：21，自引：3，他引：21
蒙古栎 (ＱｕｅｒｃｕｓｍｏｎｇｏｌｉｃａＦｉｓｃｈ)为壳斗科、栎属植物 ,主要分布区包括中国的华北、东北、内蒙古东部 ,朝鲜半岛 ,俄罗斯远东和蒙古的连续分布区及日本桦太、北海道的间断分布区 (吴晓春 ,1 993)。蒙古栎是我国东北的典型植被类型———红松阔叶林的主要伴生树种之一 ,同时在红松林被干扰破坏后是形成次生阔叶林面积较大的主要树种 ,也是分布区超过北纬 45°的唯一栎属植物。近年来 ,蒙古栎的分布区和群体数量呈扩张趋势 ,其原因除人为干扰外 ,可能涉及气候变化、物种特性、种内遗传多样性、种间互作等等。对蒙古栎群体… 相似文献
19.
Li Bin* Gu Wanchun Chen Xiaoyang Research Institute of Forestry Chinese Academy of Forestry Beijing P. R. China Beijing Forestry University Beijing P. R. China 《中国林学(英文版)》2003,5(4)
Pinus bungeana is a three-needle pine with typical fragmented distribution in central and northwestern China. Its natural resources are gradually decreasing and need to be conserved. For conserving genetic diversity of P. bungeana, the authors sampled 10 natural populations in its distribution areas and conducted the analysis of isozymes. Thirty one loci with 53 alleles on the basis of 16 enzyme systems were assayed. The parameters of genetic diversity at species and population level are respectively as follows: As= 1.742, Ae[s] = 1.49, Ps= 54.8%, He[s] = 0.162, Ap= 1.39, Ae[p]= 1.30, Pp= 34.85, He[p] = 0.0986. In comparison with other pines, P. bungeana possesses a slightly low amount of genetic variation especially at the population level. By contrast, the level of population genetic differentiation (GST = 0.135) is higher compared to other pines. All ten populations are divided into three groups according to Nei‘s genetic identity (I). There is a slight relation (r = 0.31) between genetic distance and geographical distance.Some populations are obviously deviate from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium but the total population is basically accordant with Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. The correlation analysis between allele frequencies and ecological factors showed that the alleles at loci of Idh and Pgi-2 had gradient variation trends of their frequencies. The sample capturing curves‘ analysis indicated that the captured alleles increased when the number of sampled populations increased and 99% out of whole allele pool of ten populations would be captured when five populations were randomly selected. At last,. the population genetic structure of P. bungeana and its conservation strategy were discussed. 相似文献
20.
KEYa-yong CHANGHong ZHANGGuo-ping 《林业研究》2004,15(3):203-206
The genetic diversity of the populations for 14 wild green peafowls (Pavo muticus) and 18 captive green peafowls was investigated by using the technology of random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD). Totally 161 and 166 amplified bands were obtained by using 23 arbitrary primers to amplify the genomic DNA of wild and captive green peafowls respectively. The results showed that the average relative genetic distance of the wild and captive green peafowls populations was 0.0555 and 0.1355, respectively, and difference of the average relative genetic distances between the two populations was 0.1635. The Shannon diversity index for the wild and captive green peafowl populations was 0.4348 and 1.0163, respectively, which means that there exists significant difference in genetic diversity between the two populations, and the genetic diversity of wild green peafowl was low. The two populations originated from two different families according to analysis by the UPGMA method. This research can provide the theoretical basis for supervising genealogies management of peafowl populations. 相似文献