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为了明确黑龙江省小麦品种(系)对中国秆锈菌的抗性水平和了解抗秆锈病基因在该区域的分布情况,本研究选用中国小麦秆锈菌流行小种21C3CTHQM、34MKGQM和34C3RTGQM对从该区域征集到的83份主要小麦品种(系)进行了苗期抗秆锈病的评价,并利用与抗秆锈病基因Sr2、Sr24、Sr25、Sr26、Sr31和Sr38紧密连锁的分子标记分别进行了分子检测,结合苗期表型及系谱,推测这些品种(系)可能含有的抗病基因。结果表明,83份小麦品种(系)对供试秆锈菌小种均表现抗性,对21C3CTHQM、34MKGQM和34C3RTGQM表现免疫或近免疫的分别为57、53和60份,各占供试材料数量的68.68%、63.85%和72.29%,其他剩余材料对3个供试秆锈菌小种表现中抗或高抗。分子标记分析表明,83份主要小麦品种(系)中有12份可能含有Sr2;克旱3号可能含有Sr25;6份小麦品种可能含有Sr31;19份小麦品种可能含有Sr38;没有检测出含有Sr24和Sr26的品种。因此,黑龙江省小麦品种对中国小麦秆锈病抗性水平相对较高,含有抗秆锈病基因Sr2以及对我国小麦秆锈病表现良好抗性的基因Sr31和Sr38,可能含有其他未知抗秆锈病基因,这些优良抗源材料可作为未来小麦生产育种的种质资源。 相似文献
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Ug99(TTKS)是1999年在乌干达首次发现的对最重要小麦抗秆锈病基因Sr31有强毒力的秆锈菌新小种。大量证据显示:该小种不仅具有极其特殊的毒力组合而且传播十分迅速,除在中非乌干达、东非肯尼亚、埃塞俄比亚、苏丹流行外,Ug99现已越过红海、传到了阿拉伯国家也门,以及巴基斯坦的沿海地区,越来越逼近我国。Ug99堪称我国的超毒小种,我国最典型的秆锈菌小种只能分别克服或Sr5或Sr9 e或Sr11单基因抗性,而Ug99不仅具有Sr5、Sr9 e、Sr11的联合毒力,而且还具有Sr21、Sr31、Sr38的联合毒力,而我国从未有小种能克服后者的抗性。1B/1L(含Sr31)易位系曾是我国使用的重要秆锈抗源,必对Ug99高度脆弱,我国118份小麦品种在KARI的测定结果表明,高感品种频率98.3%。一旦Ug99入侵我国,其他流行条件也完全具备。因此,充分作好防范Ug99流行的准备十分必要。 相似文献
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四川省100个小麦品种(系)抗条锈病基因的 分子检测 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了解四川省近年小麦生产品种和后备品种对条锈菌致病类型G22-83和流行小种CYR32、CYR33的抗性水平,明确已知的主要抗条锈基因在该地区小麦品种中分布状况,利用小麦条锈菌G22-83、CYR32和CYR33对四川省100个小麦品种(系)进行苗期抗病性鉴定;采用已知基因Yr5、Yr9、Yr10、Yr15、Yr18 和Yr26的分子标记,对供试小麦材料进行抗性基因检测。结果表明,100个供试材料中,对CYR32 表现抗病的58份,占58%;对CYR33 表现抗病的63份,占63%;对G22表现抗病的43份,占43%;对CYR32、CYR33和G22均表现抗病性的品种(系)28个,占28%。供试小麦品种(系)中携带Yr9、Yr10、Yr15 和Yr26基因的材料分别有24份(24%)、9份(9%)、5份(5%)和26份(26%),所有供试品种(系)中未检测到Yr5和Yr18基因。 相似文献
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为调查西南地区小麦条锈病抗性、抗病基因位点及其组合多样性,于2013—2014年对以西南地区为主的140份小麦品种(系)进行了成株期、苗期抗病性鉴定和抗病基因标记扫描。成株期鉴定结果显示,2013年贵阳、赫章试验点和2014年贵阳、绵阳试验点都表现为抗病的品种(系)共有50份,其中表现为全生育期抗性的有37份,表现为成株期抗性的有13份;5个抗病基因Yr9、Yr10、Yr15、Yr18、Yr26的分子标记检测结果显示,西南地区小麦Yr26的使用频率最高,为41.4%,Yr9次之为37.9%,Yr10、Yr15、Yr18使用频率较低;抗条锈病基因的组合分析显示,共出现16份基因聚合品种、7种组合类型,其中组合Yr9+Yr26出现频率较高,为5%。表明西南地区的小麦品种(系)以利用全生育期抗性为主,且抗条锈病基因利用较为单一,应发掘和利用新抗条锈病基因及重视多基因的聚合。 相似文献
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为挖掘新的小麦抗条锈病基因,掌握小麦生产主栽品种的抗条锈病基因携带情况,有效防控小麦条锈病,采用抗性鉴定、基因推导分析和分子标记技术对22份小麦生产上主栽品种进行了研究,通过抗性鉴定比较22份小麦主栽品种与已知基因载体品种的抗谱。结果显示,共推测出14份供试品种携带已知抗条锈基因,8份供试品种携带未知抗条锈基因,是新的抗锈基因资源;聚类分析结果显示,供试22份小麦品种可分为2个大类6个亚类;利用SSR分子标记检测抗条锈病基因Yr1、Yr10和Yr24的携带情况发现,11份品种携带Yr1基因,2份品种携带Yr10基因,22份品种均不携带Yr24基因。部分生产主栽品种携带新的抗条锈病基因,表明小麦品种选育中避免了抗性基因单一化,并加强了未知基因的利用。 相似文献
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陕西省115个小麦品种(系)抗条锈病基因的分子检测 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
为掌握陕西省主栽与后备小麦品种对我国条锈菌的抗性水平,明确其抗锈基因分布,本研究选用条锈菌流行小种CYR32和新毒性小种V26对115份陕西省主栽和后备小麦品种(系)进行苗期抗病性鉴定,并分别利用抗条锈病基因Yr5、Yr9(1B/1R)、Yr10、Yr18和Yr26的紧密连锁分子标记对这115份材料进行了分子检测。结果表明,供试小麦品种(系)中,抗CYR32的有61份,占53.04%;抗V26的有84份,占73.04%;对2个小种均抗病的有50份,占43.48%。分子检测发现115份材料均不含有Yr10;可能携带Yr9基因的有41份,占35.65%;可能含有Yr5、Yr18和Yr26的材料分别为3份、3份和2份,占2.61%、2.61%和1.74%。因此,当前陕西省主栽与后备小麦品种(系)对CYR32和V26的抗性整体水平还有待进一步提高,Yr9分布频率较高,而Yr5、Yr10、Yr18和Yr26分布频率较低,建议在以后小麦育种中减少Yr9的使用,加强利用Yr5和Yr18与其他有效基因聚合培育持久抗条锈病品种。 相似文献
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50个小麦生产及后备品种(系)的抗白粉病基因推导 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为明确我国小麦品种(系)中抗白粉病基因的组成,利用25个不同毒性的小麦白粉菌菌株对50个小麦生产及后备品种(系)进行抗白粉病基因推导,结果表明,参试的50个小麦品种(系)中有8个小麦品种(系)对供试的25个菌株全部感病,5个品种含有抗病基因Pm8,2个品种含有Pm4a,9个品种含有Pm2+6,4个品种含有Pm2,22个品种(系)可能含有供试基因之外的其他抗性基因或新基因。此研究结果可为小麦抗病育种以及品种利用提供依据。 相似文献
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223份小麦农家品种田间抗条锈病性评价及抗病基因分子检测 总被引：6，自引：1，他引：5
为发掘更多的小麦条锈病抗性种质资源,了解小麦抗条锈病性基因在甘肃省小麦农家品种中的分布状况,选用甘肃省223份小麦农家品种,采用人工接种与自然诱发相结合的方法于2015—2017年进行了连续2个小麦生长季的成株期抗条锈病性鉴定与评价,并利用已知的6个Yr基因分子标记对其进行抗条锈病性基因类型检测。结果显示,在供试的223份小麦农家品种中,成株期表现抗病的有50份,占总数的22.42%,其中表现免疫、高抗和中抗的分别有42、3和5份,分别占总数的18.83%、1.35%和2.24%;有99份品种具有慢条锈病特性,占总数的44.39%。Yr基因分子标记检测结果表明,可能携带Yr26、Yr9、Yr5、Yr10、Yr15和Yr18的小麦农家品种分别有112、8、92、12、77和22份,分别占供试材料的50.22%、3.59%、41.26%、5.38%、34.53%和9.87%;有41份品种未检测到供测的6个抗条锈病性基因。 相似文献
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Wheat stem rust samples were collected in 2006 and 2007 in the Arsi, Bale, Shewa and northwest regions of Ethiopia to determine virulence diversity and race distribution in Puccinia graminis f.sp. tritici populations. Stem rust incidence was high in Arsi, Bale and east Shewa. In northwest Ethiopia, and north and west Shewa, stem rust was prevalent at low levels. A total of 152 isolates was analysed and 22 races were identified. Races TTKSR (Ug99), TTHSR and RRTTR were predominant, with frequencies of 26·6, 17·7 and 11·1%, respectively. These races were also detected in all regions. The highly virulent race designated Ug99 was present throughout the country and dominated in all regions except northwest Ethiopia. A variant of Ug99 virulent against the stem rust resistance gene Sr24 was not detected in this study. Four stem rust resistance genes ( Sr13, Sr30, Sr36 and SrTm p) were found to confer resistance to most of the races prevalent in Ethiopia. With the exception of Sr30 , which is not effective against Ug99, these genes could be used in breeding for resistance to stem rust in Ethiopia. 相似文献
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Race TTKSK (or Ug99) of Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici possesses virulence to several stem rust resistance genes commonly present in wheat cultivars grown worldwide. New variants detected in the race TTKSK lineage further broadened the virulence spectrum. The identification of sources of genetic resistance to race TTKSK and its relatives is necessary to enable the development and deployment of resistant varieties. Accessions of Triticum monococcum, an A-genome diploid wild and cultivated wheat, have previously been characterized as resistant to stem rust. Three resistance genes were identified and introgressed into hexaploid wheat: Sr21, Sr22, and Sr35. The objective of this study was to determine the genetic control and allelic relationships of resistance to race TTKSK in T. monococcum accessions identified through evaluations at the seedling stage. Generation F(2) progeny of 8 crosses between resistant and susceptible accessions and 13 crosses between resistant accessions of T. monococcum were evaluated with race TTKSK and often with North American races, including races QFCSC, TTTTF, and MCCFC. For a selected population segregating for three genes conferring resistance to race TTKSK, F(2:3) progeny were evaluated with races TTKSK, QFCSC, and TTTTF. In that population, we detected two genes conferring resistance to race TTKSK that are different from Sr21, Sr22, and Sr35. One of the new genes was effective to all races tested. The identification of these genes will facilitate the development of varieties with new resistance to race TTKSK. 相似文献
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Characterization of Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici isolates derived from an unusual wheat stem rust outbreak in Germany in 2013 
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下载免费PDF全文 P. D. Olivera Firpo M. Newcomb K. Flath N. Sommerfeldt‐Impe L. J. Szabo M. Carter D. G. Luster Y. Jin 《Plant pathology》2017,66(8):1258-1266
An unusual stem rust infestation occurred in German wheat fields in summer 2013. This study analysed 48 isolates derived from 17 Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici (Pgt) samples and six races were identified: TKTTF, TKKTF, TKPTF, TKKTP, PKPTF and MMMTF. Infection type and genotypic data confirmed that none of these races belonged to the TTKS (Ug99) race group. German isolates of race TKTTF are phenotypically different to the ones responsible for the stem rust epidemic in Ethiopia in 2013–2014. Forty isolates were genotyped using a custom SNP array. Phylogenetic analysis showed that these 40 isolates represented two distinct lineages (clade IV and clade V). Thirty‐eight isolates clustered into clade IV, which previously was defined by Ethiopian isolates of race TKTTF. Race TKKTP is of special concern due to its combined virulence to stem rust resistance genes Sr24, SrTmp and Sr1RSAmigo. The vulnerability to race TKKTP in US and international winter wheat was confirmed as 55% of North American and international cultivars and breeding lines resistant to race TTKSK (Ug99) became susceptible to TKKTP. Races identified in Germany in 2013 confirmed the presence of virulence to important resistance genes that are effective against race TTKSK. This information should be useful for breeders to select diverse and effective resistance genes in order to provide more durable stem rust resistance and reduce the use of fungicides. 相似文献
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Pablo D. Olivera Dolors Villegas Carlos Cantero-Martínez Les J. Szabo Matthew N. Rouse Douglas G. Luster Radhika Bartaula Marta S. Lopes Yue Jin 《Plant pathology》2022,71(4):873-889
Wheat stem rust, caused by Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici, is a re-emerging disease, posing a threat to wheat production. In Spain, stem rust has been rarely detected since the 1970s, but infection was observed in wheat fields in 2018. We analysed six stem rust samples collected in Rota, Cádiz province and one from Monteagudo del Castillo, Teruel province. All the samples from Rota were typed as race TKTTF, whereas the sample from Monteagudo del Castillo, collected in a wheat field adjacent to barberry bushes, was typed as race TKHBK. This race has a unique and significant virulence combination that includes virulence to Sr31, Sr33, Sr53 and Sr59, and is avirulent to Rusty, a durum line developed for universal susceptibility to the wheat stem rust pathogen. TKHBK is the first race outside the Ug99 race group with virulence to Sr31 and the first known race with virulence to Sr59. Genotyping studies indicate that race TKHBK does not belong to the Ug99 or TKTTF race groups and constitutes a previously unknown lineage. Two hundred bread and durum wheat cultivars and breeding lines from Spain were evaluated against TKHBK, TKTTF, and six additional races. Resistance was observed to all the races evaluated. Molecular markers confirmed the presence of Sr7a, Sr24, Sr31, Sr38 and Sr57 in bread wheat, and Sr13 in durum wheat. The re-emergence of wheat stem rust in Spain and the occurrence of unique virulences underscore the need to continue surveying and monitoring this disease. 相似文献
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L. Gao E. M. Babiker I. C. Nava J. Nirmala Z. Bedo L. Lang S. Chao S. Gale Y. Jin J. A. Anderson U. Bansal R. F. Park M. N. Rouse J. M. Bonman H. Bariana 《Plant pathology》2019,68(1):143-151
The wheat stem rust fungus, Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici (Pgt), race TTKSK and related races pose a serious threat to world wheat production. Knowing the effectiveness of wheat stem rust resistance (Sr) genes against Pgt race TTKSK is fundamental in mitigating this threat through resistance breeding. Sr15 was previously identified as being ineffective against Pgt race TTKSK. Here, multirace disease phenotyping data, linkage analyses, allelism testing and haplotype analyses are presented to support the conclusion that Sr15 is effective against Pgt race TTKSK. Resistance to race TTKSK was mapped to Sr15 in a biparental population. Thirty-two accessions with Sr15 displayed seedling resistance phenotypes against race TTKSK. However, these accessions were susceptible as seedlings at high temperatures (22–25 °C), consistent with previous reports that the interaction between avirulent Pgt isolates and Sr15 is temperature-sensitive. Markers STS638, wri4 and KASP_IWB30995 were found to predict the presence of Sr15, suggesting the utility of these assays for marker-assisted selection in breeding programmes. The effectiveness of Sr15 to specific Pgt races and temperatures makes it a less-desirable TTKSK-effective gene. Wheat lines assayed as resistant to race TTKSK at the seedling stage may possess Sr15 and breeders should be aware of the limitations of Sr15 for conferring stem rust resistance. 相似文献
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Alexey Morgounov Hale Ann Tufan Ram Sharma Beyhan Akin Ahmet Bagci Hans-Joachim Braun Yuksel Kaya Mesut Keser Thomas S. Payne Kai Sonder Robert McIntosh 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2012,132(3):323-340
Disease incidence and severity was studied for winter wheat variety Bezostaya 1 and susceptible checks based on data from international nurseries from 1969 to 2010 and from 51 countries across major winter wheat production regions totalling 1,047 reports. The frequency of leaf rust and stripe rust occurrence was stable over time with marked increases in severity in 2001–2010 especially in Europe and Central and West Asia. Substantial global reductions in stem rust occurrence were recorded and attributed primarily to use of resistance genes although the recent emergence of race Ug99 makes wheat more vulnerable. The occurrence of powdery mildew remained globally stable over time. It was the most important foliar disease in Western and Southern Europe, where the frequency was very high for all time periods coupled with slight increases in severity during 2001–2010. The durable resistance of variety Bezostaya 1 to all four diseases was demonstrated in the study using comparisons of disease severities of Bezostaya 1 and the most susceptible entries. The Lr34/Yr18/Pm38 pleiotrophic set possessed by Bezostaya 1 is currently an important target for selection because it is now amenable to molecular selection. Increased use of genes like Lr34 combined with strategies to minimize cultivation of extremely susceptible varieties will contribute to long term maintenance of low and non-damaging disease levels. The durable disease resistance of Bezostaya 1, combined with its adaptability and good end-use quality, was a significant reason for its huge impact in agriculture over the last 50?years. 相似文献