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1.
不同类型杀虫剂对温室白粉虱若虫的毒力研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
利用一龄若虫浸渍法测定了不同类型杀虫剂对温室白粉虱四季青种群的毒力,发现白粉虱对噻嗪酮、阿维菌素极其敏感,对吡虫啉和联苯菊酯次之,而对马拉硫磷和ＤＤＶＰ不敏感。 相似文献
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吡虫啉等杀虫剂对温室白粉虱及其两种天敌的选择毒力 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
采用浸渍法测定了吡虫啉、啶虫脒和噻嗪酮对温室白粉虱Trialeurodes vaporariorum及其两种天敌中华草蛉Chrysoperla sinica和微小花蝽Orius minutus的毒力,比较了药剂在温室白粉虱和两种天敌间的选择毒力。结果表明,供试3种杀虫剂对温室白粉虱的3个虫态毒力都很高,LD50值为0.28~4.17 mg/L;噻嗪酮对两种天敌的毒力都很低。吡虫啉、啶虫脒和噻嗪酮对中华草蛉卵的LD50值分别为16.59、178.2和10 286 mg/L,对2 龄幼虫的LD50值分别为54.08、22.79和215.5 mg/L,对成虫的LD50值分别为20.06、26.05和1 836 mg/L;吡虫啉、啶虫脒和噻嗪酮对微小花蝽成虫的LD50值分别为62.14、8.92和170.9 mg/L。表明3种杀虫剂在温室白粉虱及其两种天敌之间存在显著的选择毒力,并以对噻嗪酮的选择性更高,该选择性在温室白粉虱综合防治中有重要利用价值。 相似文献
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为筛选防治温室白粉虱的有效药剂,采用室内和田间药效方法测定了7种杀虫剂在推荐剂量下对温室白粉虱卵、若虫和成虫的防治效果。结果表明:22%氟啶虫胺腈悬浮剂、1.8%阿维菌素乳油单用或22.4%螺虫乙酯悬浮剂和25%烯啶虫胺可溶性粉剂混用对卵和若虫的防效高达85%以上。10%氟啶虫酰胺水分散粒剂、22%氟啶虫胺腈悬浮剂对成虫的速效性和持效性最好,防效均高达94%以上。因此,推荐在温室白粉虱发生初期选择氟啶虫酰胺、氟啶虫胺腈、阿维菌素单用或螺虫乙酯和烯啶虫胺混用进行防治,世代重叠严重时可根据对不同虫态的防治效果选择几种药剂混用。 相似文献
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丽蚜小蜂对雪莲果和烟草繁育温室白粉虱的适应性 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
雪莲果和烟草均属于大叶型植物,是繁育温室白粉虱Trialeurodes vaporariorum Westwood的理想寄主植物。为了明确雪莲果作为中间寄主植物大量繁育丽蚜小蜂Encarsia formosa Gahan的可行性,在人工气候室条件下,比较研究了丽蚜小蜂在雪莲果和烟草繁育温室白粉虱上的寄生率、羽化率和发育历期。研究结果表明,丽蚜小蜂对雪莲果和烟草繁育的温室白粉虱3龄若虫寄生率最高,分别为84.2%和80.3%,且对雪莲果繁育的温室白粉虱1和2龄若虫寄生率均显著高于烟草;丽蚜小蜂寄生两种寄主植物繁育的温室白粉虱羽化率除1龄外差异均不显著,其中寄生雪莲果和烟草繁育3龄粉虱若虫的羽化率最高,分别为94.7%和93.8%;丽蚜小蜂寄生雪莲果繁育1～4龄若虫发育历期分别为21.4、15.5、13.7和13.3 d,且寄生雪莲果各龄粉虱若虫发育历期除1龄外均短于烟草。综合来看,与烟草相比,丽蚜小蜂对雪莲果繁育的温室白粉虱表现出更好的适应性,特别是对3龄若虫表现出最好的发育适合度,这为进一步开发利用雪莲果为中间寄主植物大量繁育丽蚜小蜂提供了理论依据。 相似文献
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许多粉虱寄生蜂雌蜂对粉虱若虫的攻击方式不仅是寄生,而且还能取食。本文以海氏桨角蚜小蜂Eretmocerus hayati作为测试寄生蜂,Q隐种烟粉虱和温室白粉虱作为寄主,在非选择和双向选择条件下调查了寄生蜂对寄主的取食和寄生选择性。研究结果表明,非选择试验条件下,海氏桨角蚜小蜂48 h内取食1～4龄烟粉虱和温室白粉虱若虫的数量分别为10.7、6.4、6.7、5.0头和4.4、3.7、2.8、2.3头,寄生1～4龄烟粉虱若虫的数量分别为22.1、27.5、25.4、16.5头,但不能寄生各龄期温室白粉虱若虫;而在选择试验条件下,寄生蜂取食1～4龄烟粉虱若虫的数量分别为同龄期温室白粉虱若虫数量的1.8、2.6、2.5、1.5倍。说明寄生蜂的取食寄主能力明显受寄主种类和龄期的影响。海氏桨角蚜小蜂更适合用来防治烟粉虱,但不适于防治温室白粉虱。 相似文献
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系统测定了新型双向传导高效杀虫剂溴氰虫酰胺对B隐种和Q隐种烟粉虱卵、若虫和成虫不同虫态的毒力。结果发现,溴氰虫酰胺对烟粉虱卵、若虫具有极高的毒力。用浸茎系统测定法测定其对B隐种和Q隐种烟粉虱不同虫态的LC50值,对0~1日龄卵分别为0.008 99、0.924 mg/L,对1~4龄若虫分别为0.003 36、0062 7 mg/L,对1日龄成虫分别为6.23、93.9 mg/L。对溴氰虫酰胺的敏感性,以3龄若虫最高,其次是2龄、1龄和4龄若虫,B隐种烟粉虱的敏感性更高。用着卵叶片浸渍法和浸茎系统测定法证明该杀虫剂具有很强的内吸杀卵作用,同时发现该药剂有一定的触杀杀卵活性。由于该杀虫剂对烟粉虱卵和若虫的高毒力和极强的双向内吸传导性能,推测其将成为未来一段时间内防治田间烟粉虱以及其他刺吸式口器害虫的重要药剂。 相似文献
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在直径90mm培养皿中进行了经饥饿处理的异色瓢虫成虫对同时存在的等数量桃蚜和温室白粉虱若虫、棉蚜和温室白粉虱若虫、西花蓟马和温室白粉虱若虫捕食偏嗜性研究.结果表明,在桃蚜和温室白粉虱若虫同时存在条件下,异色瓢虫成虫对其捕食更偏嗜桃蚜.但是,随着瓢虫饥饿时间延长,捕食选择性减低;在棉蚜和温室白粉虱若虫同时存在条件下,异色瓢虫成虫对其捕食较偏嗜棉蚜;在西花蓟马和温室白粉虱同时存在条件下,异色瓢虫成虫对其捕食更偏食西花蓟马.各试验中对温室白粉虱的捕食效果普遍较差. 相似文献
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为明确埃及吹绵蚧Icerya aegyptiaca昆虫病原真菌在生物防治中的应用潜力,采用生物测定法筛选得到产孢量高和致病力强的优势分离株,根据形态学特征和rDNA ITS序列分析对优势分离株进行鉴定,并对其室内毒力和温室防效进行测定。结果显示,筛选得到的优势分离株为IJID003,产孢量最高,可达8.51×10~6个/mL,且致病力最强,处理埃及吹绵蚧2龄若虫5 d后,其校正死亡率为95.40%;根据形态学特征和r DNA ITS序列分析鉴定结果,确定该分离株为爪哇棒束孢Isaria javan‐ica。随着分离株IJID003接种浓度的增加,埃及吹绵蚧2龄若虫、3龄若虫和雌成虫的校正死亡率也随之增加,致死中时间LT50则递减;在分生孢子浓度为1.00×10~8个/mL时,其对2龄若虫、3龄若虫和雌成虫的LT50最小,分别为1.89、2.29、2.31 d;随着接种后天数的延长,致死中浓度LC50减小,在接种后6 d,其对2龄若虫、3龄若虫和雌成虫的LC50最小,分别为1.25×10~3、2.04×10~4、8.37×10~5个/mL,表明分离株IJID003对埃及吹绵蚧2龄若虫的毒力较其它2种虫态高;啶虫·毒死蜱2 000倍液对埃及吹绵蚧2龄若虫的前期致死速率较快,而分离株IJID003在后期侵染速率较快,处理后6 d两者的防效无显著差异,效果相当。表明爪哇棒束孢分离株IJID003具有产孢量高且致病力强的特点,在埃及吹绵蚧生物防治中具有较好的应用前景。 相似文献
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温室白粉虱和烟粉虱常混合发生,危害严重。丽蚜小蜂是粉虱类害虫的重要寄生性天敌,被广泛应用于温室作物上粉虱的防控。本文分别以温室白粉虱和烟粉虱作为扩繁寄主,经多代连续扩繁,各自建立起稳定的丽蚜小蜂种群（分别以W1和W2表示）,以这两种小蜂种群为天敌试虫,研究了其对不同寄主植物上混合发生的两种寄主粉虱若虫的寄生选择性及其后代蜂生长发育适应度表现。结果表明,番茄、茄子、菜豆上温室白粉虱和烟粉虱的同龄若虫同时存在时,小蜂W1和W2均偏好寄生于温室白粉虱,且寄生其若虫内后代蜂的发育历期显著短于寄生烟粉虱若虫内的发育历期;黄瓜上两种粉虱混合存在时W1偏好寄生于烟粉虱,且寄生其若虫内后代蜂的发育历期显著短于寄生温室白粉虱若虫内的发育历期,但寄主植物及粉虱对丽蚜小蜂的羽化率均无显著影响。综合来看,无论饲养寄主为温室白粉虱或是烟粉虱,丽蚜小蜂均偏好寄生温室白粉虱,且寄生温室白粉虱内的后代蜂发育适合度较高,这对指导寄生蜂的人工饲养及有效利用具有重要的理论意义和应用价值。 相似文献
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Abstract Large scale field trials were undertaken with emulsifiable concentrates of different organophosphorus insecticides to control Pyrilla and whitefly, two serious pests of the sugarcane crop in the Peshawar Division of West Pakistan. All emulsifiable concentrates excepting Dimecron were applied in concentrate form without diluting with water. Of the seven insecticides tested against Pyrilla adults and nymphs, Dimecron, Lebaycid, Nexion (Bromophos) and Malathion gave superior control. In the case of whitefly, Dimecron, Lebaycid and Malathion gave almost equal mortality of adults and 3rd instar nymphs when applied at 8, 8 and 17 oz a.i./ac respectively, but much higher dosages would be required to get satisfactory control of the 4th instar nymphs. The cost of operations for the ultra-low-volume technique (excluding cost of insecticide) was 66% less than for the conventional method. 相似文献
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The tobacco whitefly, Bemisia tabaci Gennadius (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae) which occurs in various parts of the world, has developed a high degree of resistance against several chemical classes of insecticide, including organophosphates, carbamates, pyrethroids, insect growth regulators and chlorinated hydrocarbons. The present studies were done in order to monitor the susceptibility of whitefly populations in southern Spain to insecticides commonly used there. Systemic bioassays using Spanish field populations of B tabaci collected in 1994, 1996 and 1998 indicated an increase, albeit a slow one, in resistance to imidacloprid over this period. Comparative studies of other neonicotinoids using the same bioassay revealed a high degree of cross‐resistance to acetamiprid and thiamethoxam. Leaf‐dip bioassays with adult females from these populations revealed a high level of resistance to cyfluthrin, endosulfan, monocrotophos, methamidophos, and pymetrozine, each at 200 mg litre−1. Buprofezin and pyriproxyfen were tested against second‐instar nymphs and eggs, respectively. Buprofezin also showed a lower efficacy against ESP‐98, a strain of B tabaci received from Almeria in 1998, but pyriproxyfen resistance was not obvious when tested against eggs of strain ESP‐98. Field trials in 1998 revealed good efficacy of imidacloprid in one farm in the Almeria region and two greenhouses in Murcia and Sevilla, but a loss of activity by imidacloprid in another farm in the Almeria region. Cross‐resistance between imidacloprid and thiamethoxam was also confirmed under field conditions. © 2000 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
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菜粉蝶绒茧蜂田间种群消长动态及农药对其毒性 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
自１９９５－１９９７年在杭州市郊对菜粉蝶绒茧蜂的田间种群消长动态进行了调查,并在内测定了７类１１种常用杀虫剂对该蜂的毒性。结果表明,该蜂在５－７月份的寄生率较高,８－９月份较低,晚秋后又有回升,年度之间有一定差异。 相似文献
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When spinosad was administered at the stem base of tomato plants grown in rockwool, the main substrate used in greenhouses
in northern Europe, it was taken up by the roots and transported to the leaves. Laboratory toxicity experiments showed that
systemically applied spinosad, at doses as low as 2 mg active ingredient per plant, gave excellent control of nymphs of the
greenhouse whiteflyTrialeurodes vaporariorum, but was less toxic to adults. The toxicity of spinosad on Homoptera has not been documented yet and a dose-response relationship
was established. The persistence of toxicity was at least 22 days for whitefly nymphs. A dose-response relationship of systemically
applied spinosad was also determined on third-instar larvae of the cotton leaf wormSpodoptera littoralis; a dose of 5 mg per plant consistently killed all larvae. The persistence of systemically applied spinosad reached up to
45 days after treatment. Systemically applied spinosad was harmless to the parasitic waspEncarsia formosa.
http://www.phytoparasitica.org posting Nov. 29, 2005. 相似文献
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Cotton whitefly (Bemisia tabaci) resistance to organophosphate and pyrethroid insecticides in Pakistan 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Resistance to three organophosphate and four pyrethroid insecticides was monitored from 1992 to 2000 in field populations of adult whiteflies, Bemisia tabaci, from Pakistan using a leaf-dip method. There was generally a very high resistance to dimethoate and deltamethrin, and a moderate resistance to monocrotophos during 1992 to 1996. From 1997 to 2000, resistance to these insecticides dropped to low levels because of less reliance on them for whitefly control, and introduction of new chemistries with novel modes of action that had no cross-resistance to conventional insecticides. Concurrently, whitefly resistance to acephate, fenpropathrin, lambda-cyhalothrin and bifenthrin mostly remained low. An insecticide resistance management strategy is recommended that particularly emphasizes the rotation of still-effective insecticides from different chemical classes along with the use of novel chemicals and other tactics of integrated pest management. 相似文献
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用4种杀虫剂及1种混合剂以点滴法分别逐代处理敏感性亚洲玉米螟五龄幼虫,以选育其抗药性。至30代,该虫对速灭杀丁及呋喃丹产生_的抗性分别达40.3及30.2倍,而后经5—6代正常饲养,其抗性虽有所衰退,但仍明显,可认为已成为抗性品系;而用甲基对硫磷、甲基对硫磷+速灭杀丁混合剂及辛硫磷(24代)处理,其抗性仅分别达1.8、3.4及4.0倍,由于获得抗性不明显,将此三种试虫称之选育品系。抗性品系对多种药剂存在着明显的交互抗性;而选育品系对其选育剂的抗性虽不明显,但它却对另外的有些药剂产生了抗性。 相似文献
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Nikos Karatolos Ian Denholm Martin Williamson Ralf Nauen Kevin Gorman 《Pest management science》2010,66(12):1304-1307
BACKGROUND: Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Westwood), also known as the greenhouse whitefly, is a serious pest of protected vegetable and ornamental crops in most temperate regions of the world. Neonicotinoid insecticides are used widely to control this species, although resistance has been reported and may be becoming widespread. RESULTS: Mortality rates of UK and European strains of T. vaporariorum to a range of neonicotinoids and pymetrozine, a compound with a different mode of action, were calculated, and significant resistance was found in some of those strains. A strong association was found between neonicotinoids and pymetrozine, and reciprocal selection experiments confirmed this finding. Expression of resistance to the neonicotinoid imidacloprid and pymetrozine was age specific, and resistance in nymphs did not compromise recommended application rates. CONCLUSION: This study indicates strong parallels in the phenotypic characteristics of neonicotinoid resistance in T. vaporariorum and the tobacco whitefly Bemisia tabaci Gennadius, suggesting possible parallels in the underlying mechanisms. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
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Ilan Neubauer Nadav Aharonson Isaac Ishaaya Benjamin Raccah Larisa Soroksi 《Pest management science》1982,13(4):387-394
A study was made of the accumulation of aldicarb, ethiofencarb and dimethoate in citrus leaves and fruit; the toxicity of these insecticides to the spirea aphid (Aphis citricola Van der Goot) was also studied. The effectiveness of the treatments was affected mainly by the rate of accumulation of the toxicant in the leaves. At 18 g a.i. per tree, the greatest residues found in the leaves were 106, 12.2 and 1.3 μg 8?1 fresh weight for aldicarb, ethiofencarb and dimethoate, respectively. The concentration in mature leaves was very similar to that in young leaves. The residue levels in the mature fruits were much lower than in the leaves. The main components of the residues in the leaves were aldicarb sulphoxide [2-methyl-2-(methylsulphinyl)- propionaldehyde O-methylcarbamoyloxime], dimethoate, omethoate and ethiofencarb sulphoxide [2-(ethylsulphinylmethyl)phenyl methylcarbamate]. A laboratory study with synthetic diets showed similar toxicity for all three insecticides, whereas in detached leaves, or when taken up by citrus trees, ethiofencarb was the least toxic to the aphids. 相似文献