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影响肉质的因素很多,主要包括遗传、营养、屠宰前的饲养管理、屠宰的技术以及在出售前的冷冻等。由于很多营养物质都参与肉质变化的代谢和生化过程,因此,营养在肉质的调控中起着重要作用。一些研究表明,在猪饲粮中添加有机铬可提高猪的瘦肉率、日增重和饲料转化率,降低胴体脂肪含量,改善猪肉品质。为此,现着重论述日粮中铬对猪胴体品质及血液生化指标的影响。1有机铬对猪胴体品质的影响有机铬能显著改善猪的胴体品质。陈代文等[1]在肥育猪日粮中添加有机铬对猪的屠宰性能无显著影响,但眼肌面积和瘦肉率分别提高6.73%和1.60%,皮脂率下降1.60%… 相似文献
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本试验旨在研究猪日粮中添加丙酸铬对其生产性能和胴体品质的影响.将100头初始体重为30kg左右的商品猪随机分成2个处理组,其中对照组不添加丙酸铬,试验组猪日粮中添加200μg/kg的丙酸铬.猪的生长育成共分成3个阶段.试验结果显示,丙酸铬的添加对猪的生产性能影响甚微,但却可明显改善猪肉胴体品质. 相似文献
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铬在自然界中广泛存在,20世纪90年代以后,人们才开始对有机铬在动物营养学中的应用进行研究,发现有机铬在提高畜禽的生产性能、调节内分泌、提高胴体品质、影响免疫应答、改善糖和矿物质代谢等方面均发挥一定的作用。现有资料表明,补充适当的有机铬对猪的生长、繁殖、胴体品质、应激与免疫等均有不同程度的影响。本文就有机铬的营养研究和其在猪生产上的应用作一综述。1 铬的来源、代谢及其在猪体内的分布1.1 铬 的 来 源铬有两种形式—无机铬和有机铬。无机铬有氯化铬(CrCl·6H2O)、三氧化二 3铬(Cr2O3)等,有机铬有酵母铬、烟… 相似文献
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有机铬在猪营养中的应用 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
铬在自然界中广泛存在，20世纪90年代以后，人们才开始对有机铬在动物营养学中的应用进行研究，发现有机铬在提高畜禽的生产性能、调节内分泌、提高胴体品质、影响免疫应答、改善糖和矿物质代谢等方面均发挥一定的作用。现有资料表明，补充适当的有机铬对猪的生长、繁殖、胴体品质、应激与免疫等均有不同程度的影响。本文就有机铬的营养研究和其在猪生产上的应用作一综述。 相似文献
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本文系统综述了猪饲粮中铬的来源、有效添加剂量和使用期限，以及饲料中添加铬对猪生长、胴体组成、繁殖性能、应激与免疫的影响。讨论了铬对猪营养代谢的影响。 相似文献
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有机铬对妊娠母猪繁殖性能的影响 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
18世纪 ,科学家最早发现铬的时候，一直认为铬是有毒元素，其后的研究才发现铬可能是动物必需的微量元素。铬对动物糖代谢、脂类代谢及蛋白质代谢等方面的研究已有不少的报道，铬的抗应激、增强免疫、改善猪的胴体品质和提高动物生产性能的功效也逐步被研究者所证实。目前关于有机铬的研究热点在繁殖猪群，繁殖效益是养猪生产中确定经济效益的主要因素，而合理的营养组成是实现母猪最大繁殖效益不可分割的重要部分；有机铬对母猪繁殖性能的影响，研究结果也不完全一致，在实际应用过程中，各猪场和饲料厂对有机铬的有效添加量和使用周期缺乏足够的认识，本试验旨在通过有机铬对妊娠母猪繁殖性能影响的研究，为生产应用提供科学的依据。 相似文献
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猪铬营养与应用研究进展（综述） 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
本文系统综述了猪饲粮中铬的来源、有效添加剂量和使用期限，以及饲粮中添加铬对猪生长、胴体组成、繁殖性能、应激与免疫的影响。同时，讨论了铬对猪营养代谢的影响。 相似文献
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Effect of chromium propionate on growth, carcass traits, pork quality, and plasma metabolites in growing-finishing pigs 总被引：13，自引：0，他引：13
Shelton JL Payne RL Johnston SL Bidner TD Southern LL Odgaard RL Page TG 《Journal of animal science》2003,81(10):2515-2524
Two experiments were conducted to determine the effects of dietary Cr, as Cr propionate, on growth, carcass traits, pork quality, and plasma metabolites in growing-finishing swine. Ninety-six crossbred gilts (Exp. 1; initial and final BW of 28 [SEM = 0.41] and 109 [SEM = 2.11] kg) or 144 PIC Cambrough 22 barrows (Exp. 2; initial and final BW of 26 [SEM = 0.39] and 111 [SEM = 2.52] kg) were allotted to six or four dietary treatments, respectively, with six replications and four (Exp. 1) or six (Exp. 2) pigs in each replicate pen blocked by weight in randomized complete block designs. The six dietary treatments for Exp. 1 were 1) corn-soybean meal (C-SBM), 2) C-SBM + 50 ppb Cr, 3) C-SBM + 100 ppb Cr, 4) C-SBM + 200 ppb Cr, 5) C-SBM low NE diet, and 6) C-SBM low NE diet + 200 ppb Cr. The four dietary treatments for Exp. 2 were C-SBM with 0, 100, 200, or 300 ppb Cr. Growth, carcass traits, and plasma metabolite (collected on d 29 and at each phase change) data were taken at the end of both experiments and pork quality data were taken at the end of Exp. 1. There was no effect (P > 0.10) on overall growth performance when pigs were fed graded levels of Cr (Exp. 1 and 2) or Cr in the positive control or low NE diets (Exp. 1). Longissimus muscle area, ham weight, ham fat-free lean, and total carcass lean were increased in pigs fed 200 ppb in the positive control diets but decreased in pigs fed 200 ppb Cr in the low NE diets (Cr x NE, P < 0.08). There was no effect of Cr concentration (P > 0.10) on carcass traits in Exp. 2. In Exp. 1, cook loss of a fresh or a frozen chop was decreased (P < 0.10) by 200 ppb Cr. In Exp. 1, NEFA concentration was decreased (P < 0.05) in pigs fed Cr in the positive control or low NE diets during the early-finishing period. In Exp. 2, the addition of Cr decreased NEFA (quadratic, P < 0.09) and plasma urea N (linear, P < 0.02) concentrations and tended to increase total cholesterol and high density lipoproteins (quadratic, P < 0.09). In these experiments, Cr propionate had no effect on overall growth performance, variable effects on carcass traits and plasma metabolites, and some positive effects on pork quality, especially water holding capacity of a fresh or frozen chop. 相似文献
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Effect of chromium propionate and metabolizable energy on growth,carcass traits,and pork quality of growing-finishing pigs 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Matthews JO Higbie AD Southern LL Coombs DF Bidner TD Odgaard RL 《Journal of animal science》2003,81(1):191-196
An experiment was conducted to evaluate the dietary effects of Cr propionate (CrProp) and metabolizable energy (ME) on growth, carcass traits, and pork quality of growing-finishing pigs. One hundred forty-four Cambrough-22 barrows were allotted to four dietary treatments in a randomized complete block design (six replicates of six pigs per replicate; average initial and final body weight were 27 and 113 kg, respectively). The dietary treatments were: 1) corn-soybean meal basal (B; low ME), 2) B + 200 ppb of Cr (as CrProp), 3) B + 200 kcal ME/kg (4.5% added fat; high ME), or 4) B + 200 kcal ME/kg + 200 ppb of Cr. At trial termination, three pigs per replicate were killed to determine dietary effects on carcass traits and pork quality. Overall average daily gain, average daily feed intake, and gain:feed ratio were not affected (P > 0.10) by diet. During the early growing period, average daily gain was increased in pigs fed the CrProp-low-ME diets, but decreased in pigs fed the CrProp-high ME diets (Cr x ME, P < 0.04). Feed intake was increased (P < 0.05) in pigs fed the high-ME diets during the early growing period. Forty-five min and 24 h pH were not affected (P > 0.10) by diet. The CIE L* tended (P = 0.07) to be increased and shear force tended (P = 0.06) to be decreased in pigs fed high-ME diets. Subjective marbling was increased (P < 0.03) and longissimus muscle percentage moisture and thaw loss were decreased (P < 0.04) in pigs fed CrProp. Chromium propionate had no consistent effect on growth and carcass traits in this experiment; however, CrProp did affect some aspects of pork quality. 相似文献
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旨在估计山下黑猪和鲁莱黑猪正反交F1代杂种优势，筛选出合适的杂交方式，以提高优质肉猪的生产效率，满足人们对于优质猪肉的需求。本研究在山下黑猪（164头）和鲁莱黑猪（69头）及其正（6头山下黑猪♂×25头鲁莱黑猪♀）、反（3头鲁莱黑猪♂×35头山下黑猪♀）交4个群体中测定了生长肥育、体尺外貌（75～110 kg）、繁殖和胴体肉质（90～115 kg）4大类共43个性状，比较了这些性状在群体间的差异，并估计了正反交F1代的杂种优势。结果表明，山下黑猪的生长肥育和体尺性状较好，鲁莱黑猪的繁殖和肉质性状较好，正反交群体介于它们之间。正交群体的繁殖性能优于反交群体，但生长肥育性能比反交差。由于这4个群体的母猪都是纯种，因此繁殖性状没有表现出明显杂种优势。除膘厚、胸椎数、45 min pH和剪切力无显著的杂种优劣势外，大部分胴体性状和肉质性状有明显的杂种劣势。生长肥育性状的杂种优势在正反交群体中的表现不一致，反交群体表现出显著杂种优势，而正交则无明显的杂种优势。本研究估计了山下黑猪和鲁莱黑猪正反交的杂种优势，为筛选山下黑猪和鲁莱黑猪的最佳杂交方式奠定基础。 相似文献
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L L Lo D G McLaren F K McKeith R L Fernando J Novakofski 《Journal of animal science》1992,70(8):2387-2396
Knowledge of the genetic control of pork quality traits and relationships among pork quality, growth, and carcass characteristics is required for American swine populations. Data from a 2 x 2 diallel mating system involving Landrace and Duroc pigs were used to estimate heritabilities and genetic correlations among growth (ADG), real-time ultrasonic (US) measures of backfat thickness (BF) and longissimus muscle area (LMA), carcass characteristics, and various pork quality traits. Data were collected from 5,649 pigs, 960 carcasses, and 792 loin chops representing 65, 49, and 49 sires, respectively. Genetic parameters were estimated by REML assuming animal models. Heritability estimates were moderate to high for ADG, USBF, USLMA, carcass BF, and LMA, percentage of LM lipid (IMF), pork tenderness, and overall acceptability. Estimates were low to moderate for percentage of cooking loss, pH, shear force, percentage of LM water, water-holding capacity (WHC), pork flavor, and juiciness. Genetic correlations between US and carcass measures of BF and LMA indicate that selection based on US data will result in effective improvement in carcass characteristics. Selection for increased LMA and(or) decreased BF using US is, however, expected to result in decreased IMF and WHC, increased percentage of LM water and shear value, and in decreased juiciness, tenderness, and pork flavor. Average daily gain was favorably correlated with IMF and unfavorably correlated with shear force. Selection for increased ADG is expected to improve WHC but to decrease the percentage of LM water, with an associated decrease in juiciness. The results of this study suggest the feasibility of including meat quality in selection objectives to improve product quality. Favorable genetic correlations between IMF and eating quality traits suggest the possible merit of including IMF in the selection objective to improve, or restrict change in, pork eating quality. 相似文献
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肌糖原含量与猪生产性能、胴体品质及肉质性状间的关系 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
试验比较2个不同基因型猪肌糖原含量、生长性能、胴体品质和肉质的差异,并分析肌糖原含量与生长性能、胴体品质及肉质之间的相关关系。将7头纯种汉普夏阉公猪体重为(19.48±1.1)kg和6头长撒公猪体重为(20.5±1.5)kg在相同条件下进行单圈饲养,到体重达100kg左右时屠宰,并测定肌糖原、胴体品质和肉质。结果表明:汉普夏猪比长撒猪有较高的日增重(P>0.05),较高的肌糖原含量(P<0.05);长撒猪有较高的背膘厚(P<0.01),较低的屠宰率(P<0.05)、眼肌面积和瘦肉率(P<0.01);汉普夏猪有较低的pH2(P<0.05)、剪切力(P<0.05)和b值(P<0.01),但滴水损失和失水率(P<0.05)高于长撒猪。相关分析结果表明:肌糖原含量与眼肌面积和瘦肉率呈正相关,与剪切力、滴水损失、平均日增重、b值、pH1和pH2呈负相关,而与平均日增重、屠宰率和胴体长相关性不大。这表明肌糖原含量是影响猪胴体品质和肉质的一个重要因素。 相似文献
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为分析大约克猪肌糖原含量与胴体品质及肉质的相关关系,将18头体重35 kg左右的大约克猪在相同条件下饲养,体重达100 kg时屠宰,测定肌糖原、胴体品质及肉质。结果表明,肌糖原含量与胴体品质及肉质性状间相关程度有强有弱,相关系数有正有负。肌糖原含量与部分胴体性状相关性显著,与瘦肉率显著正相关,相关系数为0.524（P〈0.05）;与脂肪率显著负相关,相关系数为-0.520（P〈0.05）。肌糖原含量与部分肉质性状相关性显著,如与pH1显著正相关,相关系数为0.613（P〈0.05）,与其他肉质性状相关较弱。肌糖原含量与背最长肌甘氨酸和亚油酸含量极显著正相关,相关系数分别为0.598（P〈0.01）和0.621（P〈0.01）。 相似文献
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E. Safari N.M. Fogarty D.L. Hopkins J.C. Greeff F.D. Brien K.D. Atkins S.I. Mortimer P.J. Taylor J.H.J. Van Der Werf 《Zeitschrift für Tierzüchtung und Züchtungsbiologie》2008,125(6):397-402
Genetic correlations between reproduction traits in ewes and carcass and meat quality traits in Merino rams were obtained using restricted maximum likelihood procedures. The carcass data were from 5870 Merino rams slaughtered at approximately 18 months of age that were the progeny of 543 sires from three research resource flocks over 7 years. The carcass traits included ultrasound scan fat and eye muscle depth (EMDUS) measured on live animals, dressing percentage and carcass tissue depth (at the GR site FATGR and C site FATC), eye muscle depth, width and area and the meat quality indicator traits of muscle final pH and colour (L*, a*, b*). The reproduction data consisted of 13 464 ewe joining records for number of lambs born and weaned and 9015 records for LS. The genetic correlations between reproduction and fat measurements were negative (range ?0.06 ± 0.12 to ?0.37 ± 0.12), with smaller correlations for live measurement than carcass traits. There were small favourable genetic correlations between reproduction traits and muscle depth in live rams (EMDUS, 0.10 ± 0.12 to 0.20 ± 0.12), although those with carcass muscle traits were close to zero. The reproduction traits were independent of meat colour L* (relative brightness), but tended to be favourably correlated with meat colour a* (relative redness, 0.12 ± 0.17 to 0.19 ± 0.16). There was a tendency for meat final pH to have small negative favourable genetic correlations with reproduction traits (0.05 ± 0.11 to ?0.17 ± 0.12). This study indicates that there is no antagonism between reproduction traits and carcass and meat quality indicator traits, with scope for joint improvement of reproduction, carcass and meat quality traits in Merino sheep. 相似文献
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van Wijk HJ Dibbits B Baron EE Brings AD Harlizius B Groenen MA Knol EF Bovenhuis H 《Journal of animal science》2006,84(4):789-799
A QTL study for carcass composition and meat quality traits was conducted on finisher pigs of a cross between a synthetic Piétrain/Large White boar line and a commercial sow cross. The mapping population comprised 715 individuals evaluated for a total of 30 traits related to growth and fatness (4 traits), carcass composition (11 traits), and meat quality (15 traits). Offspring of 8 sires (n = 715) were used for linkage analysis and genotyped for 73 microsatellite markers covering 14 chromosomal regions representing approximately 50% of the pig genome. The regions examined were selected based on previous studies suggesting the presence of QTL affecting carcass composition or meat quality traits. Thirty-two QTL exceeding the 5% chromosome-wise significance level were identified. Among these, 5 QTL affecting 5 different traits were significant at the 1% chromosome-wise level. The greatest significance levels were found for a QTL affecting loin weight on SSC11 and a QTL with an effect on the Japanese color scale score of the loin on SSC4. About one-third of the identified QTL were in agreement with QTL previously reported. Results showed that QTL affecting carcass composition and meat quality traits segregated within commercial lines. Use of these results for marker-assisted selection offers opportunities for improving pork quality by within-line selection. 相似文献
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Effects of chromium propionate on growth, carcass traits, and pork quality of growing-finishing pigs
An experiment was conducted to determine the effect of dietary Cr propionate (CrProp) on growth, carcass traits, and pork quality of crossbred finishing gilts. Dietary treatments were 0 or 200 ppb Cr (as CrProp; as-fed basis), and each treatment was replicated four times with five gilts per replicate pen. Gilts were fed diets containing 0.82% lysine from 73 to 80 kg BW and 0.64% lysine from 80 to 115 kg BW. At the end of the trial, carcass and pork quality data were collected from four gilts per replicate. Average daily gain, ADFI, and G:F were not affected (P = 0.76 to 0.96) by CrProp. Before delivery at the abattoir, shrink loss was determined after an 18-h fast (fasting shrink) and after hauling (shipping shrink) pigs for 2.66 h (209.2 km). Fasting, shipping, and overall shrink were not affected (P = 0.14 to 0.39) by CrProp. Carcass length was increased (P = 0.03) in pigs fed CrProp. Loin muscle area, 10th-rib backfat thickness, average backfat thickness, dressing percent, muscle score, fat-free lean, and percent lean were not affected (P = 0.18 to 0.95) by CrProp. Twenty-four-hour loin pH was increased (P = 0.10) in pigs fed CrProp, but 45-min loin and ham pH and 24-h ham pH were not affected (P = 0.39 to 0.83) by CrProp. Subjective (color, marbling, firmness, and wetness) and objective (Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage L*, a*, b*) assessments of the loin muscle (at the 10th-rib interface) were not affected (P = 0.62 to 0.99) by CrProp. Forty-eight-hour drip (P = 0.10) and 21-d purge loss (P = 0.01) were decreased in pigs fed CrProp, but cook and total loss (drip + cook loss) and shear force were not affected (P = 0.35 to 0.53) by CrProp. Plasma cortisol, glucose, and lactate concentrations were not affected (P = 0.28 to 0.97) by CrProp after transportation or during exsanguination. These data indicate that CrProp may improve some aspects of pork quality (loin pH, drip and purge loss) but not growth performance or carcass traits. 相似文献
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《The Journal of Applied Poultry Research》2008,17(4):476-481
Chromium has been considered by many nutritionists as an essential nutrient for animals and humans. Research on the use of Cr from organic sources in poultry is limited. Two experiments were conducted to determine the effects of dietary addition of 0, 200, 400, or 800 ppb Cr as chromium propionate on growth performance and carcass traits in 0- to 42- or 0- to 49-d-old broilers. The results of these experiments indicate that Cr as chromium propionate improved feed efficiency in the later phases of growth and decreased mortality in one experiment but not another. Also, chromium propionate supplementation had no effect on carcass traits. 相似文献