共查询到18条相似文献，搜索用时 187 毫秒
1.
以北京市土壤重金属背景值为标准,对比分析了农业土壤中Cr、Ni、Cu、Zn、As、Cd、Ph、Hg 8种重金属的含量及累积情况,并采用单因子污染指数法和综合污染指数法进行了土壤重金属污染评价。结果表明,北京市农业土壤存在着一定的Cr、Cu、Zn、As、Cd累积趋势,其含量的平均值分别为53．61、21．95、65．42、9．14、0．125mg·kg^-1,比相应的背景值高79．9％、17．4％、13．8％、28．9％、5．0％;Ni和Pb的累积则不明显,平均值比相应的背景值低7．9％、29．2％,分别为24．84和19．04mg·kg^-1;而Hg含量的平均值与背景值一致,为0．08mg·kg^-1。从单因子评价结果来说,Cr污染指数在1．06-2．93之间,所有的样点都处于轻度或中度污染状态;As、Cu、Zn、Cd的污染指数相对较小,平均值分别为1．29、1．17、1．13、1．05,有50％以上的样点处于轻度污染状态;而Ni、Ph、Hg的污染指数均小于1,有60％以上的样点处于清洁或尚清洁状态,污染较轻。若从综合评价结果来说,综合污染指数处于0．96～2．16之间,平均值为1．45,几乎所有的土壤样点都属于轻度污染状态。 相似文献
2.
采用单项与综合污染指数法,以海南省农产品为研究对象,开展了农产品中重金属Cu、Zn、Pb、Cd、Ni、As、Cr和Hg含量的抽样调查分析与评价。结果表明,全省农产品中重金属的平均含量均低于食品中规定的限值,各重金属的单项与综合污染指数均≤1,综合污染指数为0.57;全省农产品未受重金属污染,属于安全水平,适宜发展无公害农产品。同时发现,个别监测点的农产品中重金属含量有超标现象,新鲜水果中个别样品Pb、Cd、Hg超标,超标率在2.17%～10.87%之间;豆类蔬菜中个别样品Ni超标,超标率为9.09%;瓜果类蔬菜中个别样品Pb、Cd超标,超标率为12.24%～24.49%;叶菜蔬菜中个别样品Pb超标,超标率为6.67%;谷物中个别样品Pb、Cd、As超标,超标率在2.11%～7.37%之间。农产品中重金属含量间多呈正相关,其中Zn与Ni、As与Hg之间差异达到极显著水平,Cu与Zn、Cu与As、Cu与Hg、Zn与As、Zn与Hg、Cd与As、Cd与Cr、Cd与Hg、Ni与As、Ni与Hg、As与Cr之间差异达到显著水平。结合主成分分析结果,推测Cu、Zn、Ni、As、Hg含量主要受农业生产和人类活动的影响,而Cr、Pb和Cd含量受土壤母质的影响比较大。 相似文献
3.
选择渝黔高速公路綦江段沿线,设置6个农地区域进行土壤重金属(As、Cd、Cr、Cu、Hg、Ni、Pb、Zn)监测,并进行空间特征分析。结果表明:渝黔高速公路綦江段邻域土壤表层As、Cd、Cr、Cu、Hg、Ni、Pb、Zn含量平均值分别为3.40,0.24,59.37,21.81,0.064,25.41,24.75,68.81mg·kg-1;水平方向上,土壤随着高速公路的外延,As、Cr、Ni、Zn含量整体呈下降趋势,Hg则反之,Cd、Cu、Pb相对稳定;垂直方向上,重金属含量随深度增加而降低,即表土层心土层底土层;以表层土为基础,可以确定项目区实际安全种植距离为远离高速公路150 m左右。土壤样品Cd部分超标,超标率为17.65%。 相似文献
4.
工业区周边农田重金属污染评价及来源分析 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
以新疆北疆某工业区周边农田土壤为研究对象,采集0~20 cm土壤样品254个,测定了Cr、Ni、Cu、Zn、As、Hg、Pb、Cd共8种重金属含量。运用相关性分析和主成分分析探讨工业区周边农田土壤重金属的来源,运用GS+进行数据拟合,选取最佳模型,再进行克里格插值分析重金属的空间分布格局。结果表明,Cr、Ni、Cu、Zn、As、Hg、Pb和Cd的含量分别为45.00、28.53、55.66、73.57、13.39、2.17、15.38和0.50 mg kg~(-1)。测量的金属除Cr之外均超过土壤的背景值,只有Hg处于中度污染,其余元素都处于非污染,而研究区综合潜在生态风险程度为严重型。重金属空间分布表明,Ni、Zn、As、Hg和Pb在东部和南部含量较高。来源分析表明,Hg来源受研究区内工业活动的影响;Cr、Ni、Zn和Cd主要来自于化肥、农药和地膜等农业活动和土壤母质的共同作用;As、Hg和Pb主要来源是受研究区内工业活动的影响。 相似文献
5.
土壤、蔬菜的铅污染相关性分析及土壤铅污染阈限值研究 总被引：13，自引：0，他引：13
为探求土壤重金属污染和蔬菜污染的相关性,为绿色蔬菜生产提供技术支持,以郑州市常见的5种叶菜类蔬菜[油麦菜（Lactuca sativa var．Asparagina）、荆芥（Schizonepeta tenuifolia Briq）、蕹菜（Lpomoea aquelica）、生菜（Lactuca sativa）、苋菜（Amaranthus hypochondriacus）]为试验材料,采用温室盆栽土培的方法研究了土壤Pb浓度与蔬菜污染的相关性,并对绿色蔬菜生产要求的土壤Pb污染阈限值进行了预测。研究结果表明：低浓度Pb污染的土壤对蔬菜生长、产量无明显影响;随着施Pb浓度的增加,5种蔬菜中的Pb含量均呈增加趋势,且与土壤中的Pb含量相关性显著;模拟得出的Pb阈限值油麦菜为39．9092±2．4469mg·kg^-1,荆芥43．8986±3．5855mg·kg^-1,蕹菜35．2934±1．7872mg·kg^-1,生菜33．6964±2．1512mg·kg^-1,苋菜34．5396±2．4254mg·kg^-1;对Pb富集能力由大到小排序为生菜〉苋菜〉蕹菜〉油麦菜〉荆芥。 相似文献
6.
以江苏省大丰市为例,研究了土壤中8种重金属的空间分布特征及其与土地利用的关系,并通过主成分分析方法,对其可能的来源进行了探讨。结果表明:研究区8种土壤重金属Cu、Zn、Pb、Cd、Cr、As、Hg、Ni平均含量分别为17.40、74.38、18.14、0.105、55.58、8.33、0.074、25.73mg/kg,不同采样点之间变异不大。沿垂直海岸线方向,随距海岸线距离增加,Cu、Zn、Pb、Cr、Hg、Ni 6种重金属含量逐渐升高,As含量逐渐降低,Cd含量则先升高、后降低。Cu、Zn、Pb、Cr、Hg、Ni 6种重金属均在水田土壤中含量最高,Cd在旱地土壤中含量最高,As则在滩涂土壤中含量最高。相关分析表明,土壤As含量与其他重金属元素含量的相关性均不显著,土壤Cd含量与Zn、Pb、Hg、Cr含量的相关性显著,与Cu、As、Ni含量的相关性不显著,其他各元素间相关性均达极显著水平。基于主成分分析结果,认为研究区土壤Cu、Zn、Pb、Cr、Hg、Ni 6种重金属元素含量受土壤母质影响较大,Cd含量与农业生产中磷肥施用关系密切,As含量的累积受磷肥施用的影响,但以水稻种植为主的耕作土壤As含量总体上呈下降趋势。本研究可为滨海开发带土地利用规划提供指导。 相似文献
7.
典型城市城郊土壤重金属含量对比研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
选取成都经济区内成都、德阳、蒲江彭山3类典型城市作为研究对象,对其城郊土壤中Cd,Hg,As,Zn,Cr,Cu,Pb 7种重金属元素含量作了对比研究.与国家土壤二级质量标准比较,成都、德阳、彭山蒲江Cd含量均超标,超标率分别为11.67%,70.67%,39.00%,彭山蒲江Cr含量超标,超标率为20.25%,其它元素含量均未超标.比较3类不同城市城郊土壤重金属含量.成都城郊Hg,As,Zn,Pb含量最高,Cd,Cr含量相对最低;德阳Cd,Cu最高;蒲江和彭山Cr相对最高,Hg,As,Zn,Cu,Pb含量则相对最低.与国内其他城市比较,成都、德阳城郊土壤Hg含量,彭山蒲江、德阳Cr含量在全国处于较高水平;成都的As,Cd含量,德阳的Cd,Zn含量,蒲江彭山的Hg,As,Zn,Pb含量处于全国较低水平. 相似文献
8.
龙游硫铁矿区农田土壤重金属污染的空间 变异及在水稻中的积累 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
为了解浙江龙游硫铁矿区农田重金属污染状况,采集矿区265件农田土壤样品,分析8种重金属Cu、As、Hg、Zn、Cd、Ni、Pb、Cr元素全量,利用地统计学软件GS+9.0对研究区土壤各元素指标进行半变异函数拟合,并利用普通克里格法进行插值并绘制空间分布图。采集30件水稻籽粒样品,分析重金属在研究区中水稻籽粒的累积特征,并进行了健康风险评价。结果表明:矿区土壤中8种重金属元素的变异系数从0.72到1.76,离散程度较高。8种重金属的土壤空间半变异函数Cu、As、Hg元素符合指数模型,Zn、Cd、Ni、Pb符合球状模型,Cr符合高斯模型。元素Cu、Pb、Zn、Cr、Ni的块金值与基台值的比值C0/C0+C都小于0.25,说明空间变化主要受地质背景等因素影响;元素Cd、Hg和As的块金值与基台值的比值C0/C0+C在0.25~0.75之间,说明除了地质背景因素,人为活动等随机因素也有影响。矿区水稻籽粒中重金属Ni和Cd的变异系数最高,分别为0.95和0.87,说明Ni和Cd元素可能存在异常积累。矿区水稻籽粒对重金属的富集能力由大到小依次为Cd、Zn、Cu、Ni、As、Hg、Cr、Pb。健康风险评价结果表明矿区农田水稻籽粒中元素As、Cd的风险商大于1,存在潜在健康风险;而其他6种重金属Cu、Hg、Zn、Ni、Pb和Cr基本属于安全范围。 相似文献
9.
太原市污灌区土壤重金属污染现状评价 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对太原市污灌区土壤重金属分布特征进行了分析评价,结果表明重金属Pb、Zn、Cu、Ni、Mn、Cr、As、Hg、Cd含量均值均未超过土壤环境质量标准（GB15618—1995）,但其平均值均显著高于太原市土壤背景值。各重金属间的相关分析表明,Pb、Zn、Cu、Ni、Mn、Cr、As、Cd之间呈极显著相关,说明这8种元素污染源可能相同。Hg是本区表层土壤重金属污染的主要因子,重金属元素的污染程度依次为Hg〉Cd〉Pb〉As〉Cu〉Zn〉Cr〉Mn〉Ni。土壤重金属单项污染指数均值均大于1,综合污染指数为2.81,总体上,污染水平为中度及其以上。各种重金属单因子污染指数和综合指数在研究区有相似的空间分布格局,总体分布趋势为东南部小店地区和中南部晋源区相对较高,南部清徐县相对较小;通过因子分析并结合污灌区污染源调查,表明Hg除受污水灌溉的影响外,燃煤释放的Hg可能是重要来源之一,Cd、Zn、Pb和Cu可能来自污水灌溉和大气沉降,以污水灌溉的贡献为主,Ni、Mn、As、Cr来自污水灌溉。Hg、Cd是太原市污灌区土壤中需要优先控制的重金属。 相似文献
10.
为了研究珠三角滩涂围垦农田土壤和农作物重金属污染状况,采集了广州南沙、中山一带围垦农田农作物及其根际土壤样品,测定重金属的质量分数。结果表明,围垦农田土壤样品中Cu、Ph、Cd、Ni、Cr和Zn含量均大于广东省相应土壤环境背景值,其中Cu（56．06mg·kg^-1）、Pb（48．30mg·kg^-1）、Cd（0．72mg·kg^-1）、Ni（41．15mg·kg^-1）、Cr（115．1mg·kg^-1）和Zn（200．1mg·kg^-1）分别为背景值的3．30、1．34、12．82、2．26、2．28和4．23倍。与《土壤环境质量标准》（GB15618-1995）中Ⅱ级标准（pH〈6．5）比较,土壤样品中Cu、Cd、Ni和Zn的超标率分别为73．7％、88．6％、59．6％和28．9％。以GB15618-1995中Ⅱ级标准为评价标准,采用Nemerow指数法进行评价,土壤重金属平均综合污染指数为1．86,属3级轻污染。与《食品中污染物限量》（GB2762-2005）等相关标准比较,农作物中Cu、Pb、Cd、Ni、Cr和Zn含量的样品超标率分别为0、28．9％、2．6％、48．3％、12．3％和6．1％。由此可见,珠三角滩涂围垦农田土壤和农作物重金属污染问题已经比较突出,土壤污染以Cd为主,而农作物污染则以Ni、Ph、Cr为主。 相似文献
11.
《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2012,43(4):390-407
The To Lich and Kim Nguu Rivers, laden with untreated waste from industrial sources, serve as sources of water for irrigating vegetable farms. The purposes of this study were to identify the impact of wastewater irrigation on the level of heavy metals in the soils and vegetables and to predict their potential mobility and bioavailability. Soil samples were collected from different distances from the canal. The average concentrations of the heavy metals in the soil were in the order zinc (Zn; 204 mg kg?1) > copper (Cu; 196 mg kg?1) > chromium (Cr; 175 mg kg?1) > lead (Pb; 131 mg kg?1) > nickel (Ni; 60 mg kg?1) > cadmium (Cd; 4 mg kg?1). The concentrations of all heavy metals in the study site were much greater than the background level in that area and exceeded the permissible levels of the Vietnamese standards for Cd, Cu, and Pb. The concentrations of Zn, Ni, and Pb in the surface soil decreased with distance from the canal. The results of selective sequential extraction indicated that dominant fractions were oxide, organic, and residual for Ni, Pb, and Zn; organic and oxide for Cr; oxide for Cd; and organic for Cu. Leaching tests for water and acid indicated that the ratio of leached metal concentration to total metal concentration in the soil decreased in the order of Cd > Ni > Cr > Pb > Cu > Zn and in the order of Cd > Ni > Cr > Zn > Cu > Pb for the ethylenediaminetetraaceitc acid (EDTA) treatment. The EDTA treatment gave greater leachability than other treatments for most metal types. By leaching with water and acid, all heavy metals were fully released from the exchangeable fraction, and some heavy metals were fully released from carbonate and oxide fractions. The concentrations of Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn in the vegetables exceeded the Vietnamese standards. The transfer coefficients for the metals were in the order of Zn > Ni > Cu > Cd = Cr > Pb. 相似文献
12.
通过文献查阅和采样分析,建立华北农田小麦-玉米轮作体系下土壤重金属输入、输出数据库,分析不同重金属输入源所占比例;通过模型计算不同情景下土壤中不同重金属元素累积速率和累积速率的频率分布,分析土壤不同重金属的积累特征。结果表明,本轮作体系和条件下,Cu、Zn、Cd、Ni、Pb、Cr 6种重金属元素的主要输入源为畜禽粪便有机肥,其占总输入量的比例分别是:86.1%、83.8%、76.6%、72.5%、64.3%和46.3%;Hg、As的主要输入源为磷肥,其分别占总输入量的比例是52.6%和49.5%;大气沉降也是农田土壤中Hg的重要输入源之一。华北农田小麦-玉米轮作体系秸秆还田和地下水灌溉条件下土壤重金属元素累积速率的中位值分别为:Cd0.00238mg·kg-1·a-1,As 0.0298mg·kg-1·a-1,Hg 0.001 09 mg·kg-1·a-1,Pb 0.050 7mg·kg-1·a-1,Cr0.0502 mg·kg-1·a-1,Cu 0.110 mg·kg-1·a-1,Zn0.348mg·kg-1·a-1,Ni0.0393 mg·kg-1·a-1。根据我国土壤环境质量II级标准(GB 15618—1995),本体系和条件下土壤中Cd、Cr、Ni最易超标,在农田土壤重金属污染防治中应重点关注。 相似文献
13.
Fei Zang Shengli Wang Zhongren Nan Jianmin Ma Yu Wang Yazhou Chen Qian Zhang Yepu Li 《Journal of Soils and Sediments》2017,17(10):2524-2536
Purpose
The objectives of this study were to explore the influences of pH on the release of Cu, Zn, Cd, Pb, Ni, and Cr in sediments derived from the upstream, middle, and downstream reaches of Dongdagou stream in Gansu Province, Northwest China, and to examine the fractionation changes of heavy metals in the sediments after reaching their release equilibrium under different pH conditions.Materials and methods
Sediment samples were obtained using a stainless steel grab sampler to collect the uppermost 10 cm of sediment from the channel bed. The pH-dependent release experiment was conducted in the solid-to-liquid ratio of 1:20 at different pH values (2, 4, 6, 8, 10, and 12) at room temperature. The total Cu, Zn, Cd, Pb, Ni, and Cr concentrations in the sediments were digested using an acid digestion mixture (HNO3 + HF + HClO4) in an open system. Metal fractionation of selected sediments was obtained using the Tessier sequential extraction procedure. Heavy metal concentrations in the samples were determined using atomic absorption spectrophotometry.Results and discussion
The mean concentrations of heavy metals in sediments decreased in the following order: Zn (1676.67 mg kg?1) > Pb (528.65 mg kg?1) > Cu (391.34 mg kg?1) > Cr (53.48 mg kg?1) > Ni (34.27 mg kg?1) > Cd (11.53 mg kg?1). Overall, the solubility of Cu, Zn, Cd, Pb, and Ni decreased with increasing pH, and they were strongly released at pH 2. Moreover, the solubility of Cr increased with increasing pH, and its release was highest at pH 12. After reaching the release equilibrium of heavy metals under different pH conditions, the percentages of organic Cu, Zn, Cd, and Fe-Mn oxyhydroxide Pb decreased, compared to their initial fractions. The residual fractions of Ni and Cr were dominant, regardless of pH.Conclusions
The average concentrations of Cu, Zn, Cd, and Pb in sediments were highly elevated compared with the soil background values in Gansu Province, China. The results of this pH-dependent release experiment showed that the release behaviors of Cu, Zn, Pb, and Cr followed an asymmetric V-shaped pattern, whereas Cd and Ni followed an irregular L-shaped pattern. The changes in the release of heavy metals in sediments were related to their redistribution between chemical fractionations.14.
《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2012,43(13-14):1963-1978
Abstract: The fraction distributions of heavy metals have attracted more attention because of the relationship between the toxicity and their speciation. Heavy‐metal fraction distributions in soil contaminated with mine tailings (soil A) and in soil irrigated with mine wastewater (soil B), before and after treatment with disodium ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), were analyzed with Tessier's sequential extraction procedures. The total contents of lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), and zinc (Zn) exceeded the maximum permissible levels by 5.1, 33.3, 3.1, and 8.0 times in soil A and by 2.6, 12.0, 0.2, and 1.9 times in soil B, respectively. The results showed that both soils had high levels of heavy‐metal pollution. Although the fractions were found in different distribution before extraction, the residual fraction was found to be the predominant fraction of the four heavy metals. There was a small amount of exchangeable fraction of heavy metals in both contaminated soils. Furthermore, in this study, the extraction efficiencies of Pb, Cd, and Cu were higher than those of Zn. After extraction, the concentrations of exchangeable Pb, Cd, Cu, and Zn increased 84.7 mg·kg?1, 0.3 mg·kg?1, 4.1 mg·kg?1, and 39.9 mg·kg?1 in soil A and 48.7 mg·kg?1, 0.6 mg·kg?1, 2.7 mg·kg?1, and 44.1 mg·kg?1 in soil B, respectively. The concentrations of carbonate, iron and manganese oxides, organic matter, and residue of heavy metals decreased. This implies that EDTA increased metal mobility and bioavailability and may lead to groundwater contamination. 相似文献
15.
Ruiping Li Guanqing Cai Jing Wang Wei Ouyang Hongguang Cheng Chunye Lin 《Journal of Soils and Sediments》2014,14(11):1806-1817
Purpose
The concentration of human activities in urban systems generally leads to urban environmental contamination. Beijing is one of ancient and biggest cities on the world. However, information is limited on Beijing’s soil contamination, especially for roadside and campus soils. Thus, the aims of this study were to investigate the contents and chemical forms of toxic heavy metals Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn in the road-surface dust, roadside soils, and school campus soils of Beijing. In addition, enrichment and spatial variation of these toxic heavy metals in the soils and dust were assessed.Materials and methods
Topsoil samples were collected from the schools and roadside adjacent to main ring roads, and dust samples were collected from the surface of the main ring roads of Beijing. These samples were analyzed for total contents and chemical forms of Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Sc, Zn, Al, and Fe. Enrichment factors (EFs, relative to the background content) were calculated to evaluate the effect of human activities on the toxic heavy metals in soils.Results and discussion
Heavy metal contents in the road dust ranged from 0.16 to 0.80, 52.2 to 180.7, 18.4 to 182.8, 11.9 to 47.4, 23.0 to 268.3, and 85.7 to 980.9 mg kg?1 for Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn, respectively. In the roadside soil and school soil, Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn contents ranged from 0.13 to 0.42, 46.1 to 82.4, 22.7 to 71.6, 20.7 to 29.2, 23.2 to 180.7, and 64.5 to 217.3 mg kg?1, respectively. The average EF values of these metals were significantly higher in the dust than in the soils. In addition, the average EF values of Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn in the soils near second ring road were significantly higher than those near third, fourth, and fifth ring roads. Anthropogenic Cd, Pb, and Zn were mainly bound to the carbonates and soil organic matter, while anthropogenic Cu was mainly bound to oxides. The mobility and bioavailability of these metals in the urban soils of Beijing generally decreased in the following order: Cd?>?Zn?>?Pb?>?Cu?>?Ni?>?Cr; while in the dust, they decreased in the following order: Zn, Cu, and Cd?>?Pb?>?Ni?>?Cr.Conclusions
Both EF and chemical forms documented that Cr and Ni in the soils and dust mainly originated from native sources, while Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn partially originated from anthropogenic sources. In overall, Beijing’s road dust was significantly contaminated by Cd and Cu and moderately contaminated by Cr, Pb, and Zn, while Beijing’s roadside soil and school soil were moderately contaminated by Cd and Pb. However, the maximal hazard quotients (HQs) for individual Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn and comprehensive hazard index (HI) of these metals in the dust and soil were less than 1, indicating that the heavy metals in the dust and soil generally do not pose potential health effects to children, sensitive population. 相似文献16.
C. Candeias E. Ferreira da Silva A.R. Salgueiro H.G. Pereira A.P. Reis C. Patinha J.X. Matos P.H. vila 《Land Degradation \u0026amp; Development》2011,22(6):565-585
Land pollution due to past mining activities is a major environmental issue in many European countries. The Aljustrel mine (SW Portugal), located in the western sector of the Iberian Pyrite Belt (IBP) presents a negative visual and environmental impact as a consequence of the mining activity that has developed since the Roman era. Its impacts are also a restraint on the life quality of the population. The exposure of pyrite and other sulphides to air are responsible for the pollution observed in soils, surface water and stream sediments. This paper investigates the pollution load of potential toxic elements in soil samples collected around the Aljustrel mining area. The aim is to assess the levels of soil contamination with respect to average concentrations of toxic elements in the region and to understand the partitioning and availability of pollutants in the area. The results showed severe soil contamination (mainly As, Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn). The concentrations of As (up to 3936 mg kg−1) and certain heavy metals (up to 5414 mg kg−1 Cu, 61·6 mg kg−1 Cd, 20 000 mg kg−1 Pb and 20 000 mg kg−1 Zn) are two orders of magnitude above the regional South Portuguese Zone (SPZ) background values. The median concentrations of As, Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn exceed the values established for world soils, the European Union, Portugal and Andalusia. The results suggest that the distribution patterns of Co, Cr and Ni element concentrations in the Aljustrel area are primarily influenced by the lithology and geochemistry nature of bedrock. The soil background of this geological domain is characterized by relatively high heavy metal contents, essentially derived from the parent rocks. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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The objective of this study was to test the suitability of a simple approach to identify the direction from where airborne heavy metals reach the study area as indication of their sources. We examined the distribution of heavy metals in soil profiles and along differently exposed transects. Samples were taken from 10 soils derived from the same parent material along N-, S-, and SE-exposed transects at 0—10, 10—20, and 20—40 cm depth and analyzed for total Al, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn concentrations. The heavy metal concentrations at 0—10 cm were larger than background concentrations in German arable soils except for Cr (Cd: 0.6—1.8 mg kg—1; Cr: 39—67; Cu: 40—77; Ni: 87—156; Pb: 48—94; Zn: 71—129; Fe: 26—34 g kg—1; Mn: 1.1—2.4). Decreasing Cd, Cu, Mn, and Pb concentrations with increasing soil depth pointed at atmospheric inputs. Aluminum and Ni concentrations increased with soil depth. Those of Fe, Cr, and Zn did not change with depth indicating that inputs at most equalled leaching losses. The Pb accumulation in the surface layer (i.e. the ratio between the Pb concentrations at 0—10 to those at 20—40 cm depth) was most pronounced at N-exposed sites; Pb obviously reached Mount Križna mainly by long-range transport from N where several industrial agglomerations are located. Substantial Cd, Cu, and Mn accumulations at the S- and SE-exposed sites indicated local sources such as mining near to the study area which probably are also the reason for slight Cr and Zn accumulations in the SE-exposed soils. Based on a principal component analysis of the total concentrations in the topsoils four metal groups may be distinguished: 1. Cr, Ni, Zn; 2. Mn, Cd; 3. Pb (positive loading), Cu (negative loading); 4. Al, Fe, indicating common sources and distribution patterns. The results demonstrate that the spatial distribution of soil heavy metal concentrations can be used as indication of the location of pollution sources. 相似文献