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1.
多效唑对桃树生长和结果的影响 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
应用多效唑对桃树进行土施和叶面喷布等不同方法,不同剂量的试验。土施0.125～1.0g/m~2,叶面喷布500ppm×2以上的浓度都可有效地抑制植株营养生长。它降低了新梢生长长度,抑制了副梢的发生和生长,以及干周的增长。多效唑在抑制营养生长的同时也促进了生殖生长,有效地促进花芽形成,降低了始花节位,增加了成花节位数和复花芽节位数。对果实大小也有促进作用。成倍地提高了早期产量。施用同等剂量,土施的效果优于叶面喷布。在我国中部地带,陇海沿线沙壤土上以0.25/m~2的剂量为好,第二年以后用量减半。在土施情况下它的“呆滞期”只1.0～1.5个月。土施应在旺盛生长前1.5～2.0个月以前施入。 相似文献
2.
红星、红富士苹果幼树施用多效唑后，对抑制新梢生长、调节枝条组成、促进花芽形成、提高坐果率、增加幼树产量、控制树冠增长均有明显效果，效果大小与施用方法、时期、药剂浓度和剂量、品种有关，土施比叶喷效果好。土施以３月或９月施入为宜，叶喷的最佳时期为５月上旬。土施的适宜剂量为０．５一１．０ｇ·ｍ~(-２)，叶喷最适浓度为１５００一２０００ｍｇ·１~(-１)。红星比红富士对药剂反应敏感。多效唑施后的持效期土施比叶喷的长，并随着剂量和浓度的增加而延长。土施０．５一１．０ｇ·ｍ~(-２)持效期为２一３年，叶喷１５００一２０００ｍｇ·１~(-１)的持效期仅为１年。 相似文献
3.
A. D. Webster 《The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology》2013,88(5):519-527
Paclobutrazol (1.6 g a.i.), applied to the soil beneath nine year old trees of two sweet cherry cultivars in 1983, controlled shoot growth better in the year of treatment than foliar sprays (1500 followed by 750 mg l-1) of the same chemical applied in late May and early June. Although no further treatments were applied, extension growth was strongly inhibited by both treatments in the two subsequent years and some inhibition persisted for four years after treatment. Inhibition of the shoot growth of both cultivars was more severe and persisted for several years longer for trees on ‘Colt’, compared with F. 12/1 rootstock. Paclobutrazol foliar sprays reduced yields in the year of treatment, and the residual effects of both soil and foliar treatments on yields were also negative in some years, particularly on the cv. Van. The reasons for these negative effects on yields were sought in studies of flowering density, flower quality and the efficiency of fruit set and retention. 相似文献
4.
秋季叶施尿素及乙烯利对枣树贮藏氮素的影响 总被引：11，自引：1，他引：10
枣树(Zizyphus jujuba Mill.)秋季叶施尿素、乙烯利及尿素十乙烯利均可促进叶片及落性枝的氮素向树体回流,增加树体贮藏氮素水平,尤以尿素 200ppm乙烯利的效果最佳;尿素及乙烯利处理均增加了次年枣吊长度、平均单果重及枣果还原糖含量;尿素处理还显著增加了叶片及新梢含氮量,座果数,但降低了枣果蔗糖含量。枣树秋冬季地上部与根系具有同等重要的贮藏氮素作用;蛋白态氮是主要贮藏形态,为非蛋白态氮的2—3倍。 相似文献
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6.
IRENA Modubowska 《The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology》2013,88(2):137-144
A single spray of gibberellic acid (GA) at blossom time doubled the final set and yield of 4-year-old Dr. Jules Guyot trees without reducing the fruit size. GA affected the fruit shape, but this was detrimental only at a high concentration (100 p.p.m.) ; it also hastened fruit ripening by about a week and increased the percentage of seedless fruits. Although a heavy spray at 50 p.p.m. had the most effect, a light spray at the same concentration was more effective in conserving the plants’ resources by avoiding the early development of an excessive number of fruitlets prior to the June drop.The total shoot growth, the number of shoots and buds, and the girth increment were reduced by GA at 50 p.p.m. applied as a heavy spray but the mean length of shoots and internodes remained unaffected. 相似文献
7.
Badii Gaaliche Mohamed Ghrab Mehdi Ben Mimoun 《International Journal of Fruit Science》2017,17(1):63-71
The fig tree (Ficus carica L.) is widely cultivated in the Mediterranean region under warm climates. Fig yield is governed by the previous crop load and is strongly dependent on shoot length. Special cultural practices are required to stimulate new vegetative growth that will ensure regular and high productivity. The present study focused on the use of the rest breaking agent hydrogen cyanamide (HC) as Dormex to enhance vegetative growth, which influences the yield. A field trial was held in northern Tunisia (36° 49′ N; 9° 48′ E) on mature fig trees cv. Zidi. In reference to untreated trees as control, two hydrogen cyanamide treatments at 1% and 1.5% HC were considered. Bud break rate, vegetative growth, starch content of shoots, yield, and fruit characteristics were assessed. Results indicated that 1.5% HC significantly increased shoot length, fruit number per shoot, and yield. It advanced bud break by 10 days and fruit ripening by 7 days compared to the control. However, leaf number, leaf area, and starch content seem to be unaffected by hydrogen cyanamide treatments. Regarding fruit quality, a 1.5% HC dose significantly increased dry matter content, while fruit diameter and total soluble solids remain unaffected. In conclusion, hydrogen cyanamide could be used under warm conditions to improve vegetative growth of fig trees cv. Zidi and consequently fig productivity. Application of 1.5% HC 40 days before bud break was the most effective in increasing shoot length and yield. 相似文献
8.
J.D. Quinlan A.P. Preston 《The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology》2013,88(4):525-534
Fruit set was increased by removing all shoots 5 days after full bloom and at weekly intervals thereafter from trees of Sunset and Laxton’s Fortune, but removing shoots from Fortune trees 25 days after full bloom produced no beneficial effect on fruit retention. All treatments resulted in a heavier rate of fruit shedding during the ‘June drop’ period than occurred from control trees, and at harvest the trees without shoots had fewer fruits, and lower yields, than the controls. In a comparison of shoot removal and shoot tip removal starting 15 days after full bloom on Fortune trees, both treatments improved set, but whereas shoot removal caused a heavier ‘June drop’ compared with untreated trees, shoot tip removal increased the number of fruits retained to harvest and produced a yield increase. The difference between the two treatments in their influence on fruit retention, during and after the ‘June drop’, is accounted for by the beneficial effect of a relatively small number of leaves on each tipped shoot. Studies on the pattern of distribution of photosynthates, using 14CO2 and autoradiography, produced results supporting the concept of competition between fruits and shoots and also showed changes in the pattern of assimilate movement brought about by shoot tip removal. It is concluded that competition between fruits and shoots, occurring during blossoming and the following 2–3 weeks, may limit fruit set, but the presence of shoot leaves is beneficial to fruit retention in the later part of the season, particularly during the ‘June drop’ period. 相似文献
9.
Soumaya Dbara Karim Lahmar Mehdi Ben Mimoun 《International Journal of Fruit Science》2018,18(4):369-382
ABSTRACTFruit quality traits are directly related to agronomic practices such as irrigation and fertilization, especially potassium supply since its effects on quality and water drought resistance. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of different combinations of potassium rate and application mode (in soil: 200S and 100S, foliar spray: 100F) with two irrigation regimes (FI: irrigation with 100%ETc and DI: irrigation with 66%ETc) on peach yield and quality parameters. The experiment was performed during two consecutive years. At harvest, only in the second year significant differences between treatments were observed in yield. In fact, potassium foliar spray, even in DI regime, improved yield. The fruit diameter was slightly affected by treatments in the first year. However, in the following season foliar potassium spray even in DI water regime increased fruit size. Concerning the firmness, no significant differences were observed in the first year except for the second year it decreased with DI strategy independently of potassium treatment. The soluble solids content was strongly affected by the treatments. The highest values were observed in 100F+DI treatment with no significant effect on acidity. Vegetative growth was affected only by water regime which DI reduced shoot length. 相似文献
10.
Effect of foliar applied phosphatic fertilizer on absorption pathways, yield and quality of sweet persimmon 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Pot and field experiments were conducted to identify nutrient absorption pathways, growth, yield and quality of sweet persimmon using 32P tagged fermented mono-calcium di-hydrogen phosphate (FMCP) and normal FMCP fertilizer, respectively. In pot experiment, lower surface treated leaf absorbed higher amount of radionuclide phosphorus than upper surface treated leaf and phosphorus absorption increased with the increase in duration. The highest radioactive phosphorus absorption obtained was 8.88 × 104 and 3.57 × 104 Bq/g dry weight of leaf against dorsal and ventral treated leaf surfaces at 96 h after fertilizer application. During experimentation, stomata were closed from 2 to 10 h after application of FMCP fertilizer and nutrient absorption was higher in the lower surface than the upper surface. As a result, phosphorus was absorbed through cuticle by diffusing in aqueous pores in lower surface of leaf. Alternate day and night (24–96 h), lower surface also performed higher amount of phosphorus absorption than upper surface of leaf due to stomatal activity and aqueous pores because lower surface contains higher number of stomata than upper surface of sweet persimmon. It may be concluded that aqueous pores as well as stomata can be important pathways for the absorption of foliar applied FMCP fertilizer. In field experiment, foliar application of normal FMCP fertilizer increased the vegetative growth, number of effective flowering buds and decreased insect–disease infestation of sweet persimmon over control. Sweet persimmon yield increased due to the fact of decreasing trend of fruit dropping by foliar fertilization. Maximum fruit number (1110 and 1449 per tree) was observed in T4 (foliar spray @ 7.5 ppm P of FMCP fertilizer) and T5 (alternate foliar spray of 10 and 7.5 ppm P of FMCP fertilizer) treatments in 2005 and 2006, respectively. In T4 and T5 treatments, the average fruit yield increased by 153.0 and 211.4 kg tree−1 in 2005 and 2006 over control, respectively. FMCP fertilizer gave maximum fruit yield in T4 and T5 treatments in 2005 and 2006, respectively and it differed from other foliar treatments including control. Treatment T5 increased fruit hardness (2.32 kg/Ø 5 mm), 0brix content (14.0%) and reduced acidity (0.018%) in 2005. These results allow us to infer that foliar application of FMCP fertilizer was not only augmenting the fruit yield of sweet persimmon but also improved the quality of produce. 相似文献
11.
Studies were conducted in ‘Chandler’ strawberry to determine if pre-harvest foliar application of Ca, B or their combination influences physiological disorders, fruit yield and quality or not. For this, treatments consisted of (i) five sprays of calcium as CaCl2 (first spray was performed at the petal fall stage and later at 7 days interval), (ii) three sprays of boron as boric acid (first spray at the beginning of flowering and later at 15 day interval), (iii) combination of (i) and (ii), and (iv) plants sprayed with water served as the control. Results indicated that fruit harvested from plants, which were sprayed either with Ca or Ca + B had significantly lesser incidence of albinism (6.7 and 6.5%), and grey mould (1.3 and 1.2%) than those harvested from plants sprayed either with B alone or in control. Although, B alone could not influence the incidence of albinism and grey mould, but it reduced fruit malformation (3.4 and 3.1%) significantly. Further, Ca, B or their combination had not influenced the individual berry weight, but marketable fruit yield differed significantly. The lowest marketable fruit yield (149.3 g/plant) was recorded in plants under control, and the highest (179.2 g/plant) in plants sprayed with Ca + B. Similarly, such fruit were firmer; had lower TSS, higher acidity and ascorbic acid content at harvest than those in control. Similarly, such fruit after 5 days storage were firmer and brighter, and have significantly lower TSS (7.9 and 7.8%); higher ascorbic acid content (43.7 and 45.0 mg/100 g pulp) and acidity (1.08 and 1.07%) than those in control or those receiving B alone. Incidence of grey mould was significantly lesser in fruit, which received Ca (2.2%) or Ca + B (1.9%) than those, which received either B (8.1%) alone or those in control (8.4%). Our studies indicated that pre-harvest foliar application of Ca + B is quite useful for reducing the incidence of disorders and getting higher marketable yield in ‘Chandler’ strawberry. 相似文献
12.
Subhash Chander Reju M. Kurian 《The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology》2019,94(4):507-512
The effect of crop load, position of the fruit on the shoots and vigour of the shoots on yield and quality of Annona atemoya × A. squamosa hybrid ‘Arka Sahan’ was investigated in India over two years. The trees were hand-pollinated and thinned to 20, 40, 60, 80 or 100 fruit after fruit set. Information was collected on total and marketable yield, yield efficiency, average fruit fresh weight, peel weight, the number of seeds per 100 g of pulp, pulp content in the fruit, total soluble solids (TSS) and total titratable acidity. In other experiments, fruit were harvested from weak, medium or vigrous shoots, or from basal, middle or apical nodes. Total yield increased up to 60 or 80 fruit per tree and marketable yield increased up to 60 fruit per tree. Average fruit weight and peel weight increased as cropping increased. These results suggest that optimum productivity and quality is associated with 60 fruit per tree or 0.17 to 0.19 kg cm2 trunk-cross sectional area. The quality of the fruit in different positions on the shoots or on the different types of shoots was highly variable and generally not affected by the various treatments. 相似文献
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14.
酵素有机肥对京郊桃的产量品质与贮藏性的影响 总被引：5，自引：2，他引：3
以6 a生"久保"品种桃和4 a生"北京24号"品种桃为试材,比较了基施酵素有机肥,配合叶施和根灌酵素处理,基施农家肥,配合叶面喷肥处理及常规施肥3种处理对桃果实产量、品质和贮藏性的影响.结果表明:在3种施肥处理中,施用酵素有机肥的处理能够显著提高"久保"桃和"北京24号"桃果实产量,分别为8 250 kg/hm2和4 365 kg/hm2;可溶性固形物含量分别增加1.36%和1.92%,Vc含量分别降低0.64 mg/100g和0.68 mg/100 g,着色指数分别增加63.5%和67.7%;并且贮藏中烂果率降低13%. 相似文献
15.
用PP333处理巨峰葡萄扦插苗,结果表明:土壤施用量为0.5g a.i./m~2时32天后极显著地延缓地上部生长,施用量为1.0g a.i/m~2时,只需15天。根际施用能促进根系发育,增强根的活性和提高根冠比。盛花期或花后3周叶面喷布3000ppm或6000ppm的PP333均能抑制当年或第二年的新梢生长,并增加单枝花序数、果枝比率和产量,但1987年产量降低,用500、1000和2500ppm的PP333在盛花期进行叶面喷布,除2500ppm处理外均不能有效地抑制新梢生长,所有的处理均能够使产量增多,叶片增厚,果穗增重,单位叶面积的叶绿素含量和比叶重(SLW)增加。解剖学观察表明:叶片虽然变厚,但栅栏组织和海绵组织的厚度比并未变化,叶面喷布增加了果穗的紧密度,小果粒比例略有增高;果实着色晚,着色差;这可能是由于果实可溶性固形物下降造成的。 相似文献
16.
利用三维数字化仪,结合Piaf Digit和Vege STAR软件,建立了13a生高纺锤形苹果树数字化模型,并对树体模型进行立方单元分割以及分析总冠层及冠层内各类型枝条的光截获率。结果表明:不同类型的枝条,光截获率(STAR值)有差异。大树的短果台副梢、长果台副梢、短营养枝和长营养枝的STAR值分别小于中树,中树小于小树;每棵果树的短果台副梢和短营养枝的STAR值分别小于长果台副梢和长营养枝;不遮阴枝条的光截获率比遮阴枝条大,并且短果台副梢和短营养枝因其它类型枝条遮阴减少的STAR值分别比长果台副梢和长营养枝大。果树由底部到顶部及由冠层中部到外部,光截获率逐渐增大,与用光量子探头(LS190)测得的透光率递增趋势相符。冠层STAR值越大,果树产量越高。因此,冠层光截获率能够作为冠层内部光分布特征的一个评价指标,并能有效指导果树管理,提高果实产量。 相似文献
17.
Rajbir Singh R.K. Gupta R.T. Patil R.R. Sharma R. Asrey A. Kumar K.K. Jangra 《Scientia Horticulturae》2010
The objective of the study was to determine the effect of foliar application of vermicompost leachates on growth, yield and quality of strawberry (Cv. Chandler). For this, three leachates collected from vermicomposting of cow dung (FCD), vegetable waste (FVW) and mixture of cow dung and vegetable waste in 1:2 ratio (FCVW) were used at 2 ml l−1 at monthly interval (total five sprays) in strawberry. The results indicated that foliar application of vermicompost leachates improved leaf area (10.1–18.9%), dry matter of plant (13.9–27.2%) and fruit yield (9.8–13.9%) significantly over control (water spray only). Foliar application of FCVW reduced albinism (from 12.1 to 5.7%), fruit malformation (11.2–8.5%) and grey mould (5.1–2.6%) thus improving marketable fruit yield (26.5% higher) with firmer fruits of better quality. The foliar application of FCD and FVW also improved these parameters and resulted in to higher marketable fruit yield (12.6 and 17.8% higher, respectively) compared to control. The study confirmed that leachates derived from composting processes have potential use as foliar fertilization for strawberry. 相似文献
18.
Mature ‘on’ and ‘off’ ‘Manzanillo’ olives trees with three healthy branches of 10–12 cm in diameter were selected to determine changes in nitrogen levels in the bearing shoots after foliar application of urea. Each selected branch of each tree received one of the following treatments: (i) control without urea application; (ii) foliar application of urea to all the current-season leaves; and (iii) foliar application of urea to all the one-year-old leaves. Urea was applied in May, four days after full bloom in the ‘on’ year trees. Each treated leaf was immersed in a test tube containing a 4% urea solution and 0.1% Tween 20 for 5 s. Bearing shoots, composed of both one-year stems and leaves and current-season stems and leaves, were collected at intervals from the beginning of the experiment until 64 days after urea application. Nitrogen was determined in stems and leaves from each part of the bearing shoot, and in fruits during the ‘on’ year. Nitrogen uptake from the leaves was rapidly mobilized from the older to the current-season leaves of the bearing shoot, and thereafter to other storage organs of the tree or to the fruit, which is the largest nitrogen sink in the bearing shoot. No translocation of nitrogen from the current-season leaves to older leaves was observed. The rapid translocation of nitrogen from the younger leaves to other storage organs of the tree could explain the insensitivity of leaf analysis to detect excess nitrogen, since mature leaves from current-season shoots must be sampled to determine the nutritional status of the tree. The failure of leaf analysis to detect excess nitrogen may be a cause of nitrogen over-fertilization in olive orchards. 相似文献
19.
钛化合物对苹果树生长及果实品质影响的研究 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
对‘红香蕉’和‘小国光’等品种进行叶面喷施钛化合物表明,钛对苹果树新梢生长、干物质积累及光合作用等具有较明显的促进作用。其中‘红香蕉’喷钛后,果实着红面积≥1/2的数量比对照增多47.0-48.2％,青果数下降54.8-56.5％,果实中游离态Vc含量增高31.2-40.7％,可溶糖增加8.5-14.2％,≥2级果增加2.5-5.4％,等外果减少64.3-88.9％。现已试用500余亩,‘红香蕉’每亩可获纯收益134.97元,‘小国光’为64.42元,产投比分别为12.5:1和10.5:1。 相似文献
20.
This study was conducted to evaluate the influences of foliar spray of potassium (K), calcium (Ca), and their combination on the fruit red skin color and quality attributes of ‘Red Delicious’ apple under conditions of south central Iran with warm and dry summer, where low and high temperature differences are low. The trees were sprayed five times using 5 g L–1 calcium chloride (CaCl2) at 3-week intervals starting from 3 weeks after full bloom and three times (at 9, 12, and 15 weeks after full bloom) using 2.5 g L–1 K sources [potassium chloride (KCl), potassium sulfate (K2SO4), and potassium nitrate (KNO3)] during two growing seasons in 2013 and 2014. Anthocyanin, some physicochemical attributes, and fruit mineral concentrations were measured at harvest. Results showed that spraying with K, CaCl2, and their combinations significantly increased fruit weight, sugar and anthocyanin concentrations, firmness, and K uptake. A combined foliar application of CaCl2 and each of the K sources was more effective on the improvement of fruit color, firmness, fruit K and Ca uptake, and K/Ca ratio as compared to the case when either K or Ca was applied alone. 相似文献