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1.
分析益生菌制剂对早期断奶仔猪生长性能和免疫指标的影响,选择仔猪40头,将仔猪随机分为两组,基础饲料选择标准玉米-豆粕型,对照组饲喂基础饲料,观察组在基础饲料基础上添加益生菌饲料,仔猪断奶第0 d、第7 d、第14 d、第21 d采集新鲜粪样、前腔静脉血、回肠和空肠,测定仔猪生长性能以及血清、粪便、肠黏膜抗体含量。结果表明,在仔猪生长性能方面,观察组仔猪在最后重量、平均日增重量、腹泻率方面均明显高于对照组(P0.05);在仔猪血清、粪便、肠黏膜抗体含量方面,断奶后21 d观察组仔猪血清Ig G含量增加量明显更多(P0.05),粪便中Ig G含量两组对比差异不显著(P0.05),观察组回肠黏膜以及空肠黏膜SIg A含量明显更高(P0.05)。在早期断奶仔猪饲料中添加益生菌制剂,能够显著增强仔猪生长性能,提高仔猪血清Ig G、回肠黏膜以及空肠黏膜SIg A水平,增强仔猪机体免疫力。 相似文献
2.
为了探讨稀土元素铈对鱼类的生态毒理学效应,在基础饲料中分别添加0(对照)、20、42、65mg·kg-1的硝酸铈饲喂鲤鱼60 d,研究铈对鲤鱼肝胰脏、肾脏自由基的清除能力和抗氧化酶活性的影响。结果表明,与对照组相比,42、65mg·kg-1组能显著提高鲤鱼的抗氧化防御能力,42 mg·kg-1为最佳添加量。20 mg·kg-1组,除肝胰脏、肾脏GSH-Px活性显著升高,肝胰脏内抑制羟自由基能力显著降低外,其它均无明显变化。42 mg·kg-1组,肝胰脏、肾脏抑制羟自由基能力、CAT、MAO活性、肾MDA含量、肝胰脏SOD活性、抗超氧阴离子自由基能力均显著降低,而肾SOD活力显著升高。65 mg·kg-1组,肝胰脏、肾脏抑制羟自由基能力、CAT、MAO活性、肾MDA含量及肝胰脏抗超氧阴离子自由基能力、SOD、GSH-Px活性均显著降低,肾SOD、GSH-Px活性却显著升高。此外,肝胰脏比肾脏对硝酸铈更趋敏感。由此可见,饲料中适当添加稀土元素铈能提高鱼的抗氧化防御能力。本研究结果为稀土元素在饮料添加中的合理应用及相关研究提供了参考。 相似文献
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4.
通过在基础饵料中添加不同水平的纳米硒（Nanometer Selenium,NSe）,探讨其对镉暴露下吉富罗非鱼（genetic improvementof farmed tilapia,GIFT）非特异性免疫和抗氧化功能的保护作用。将吉富罗非鱼随机分为5个处理组,即对照组（Control）、镉胁迫组（Cd stressed,CdS）和纳米硒低、中、高剂量组（NSe L、M、H）。在NSe L、M和H3组基础饵料中分别添加0.125、0.250、0.500mgSe·kg-1的纳米硒,连续30d,Control和CdS组投喂基础饵料。第15d,CdS组和NSe3组用0.5mg·L-1Cd2＋的镉溶液进行为期16d的镉处理。结果表明：与Control组比较,0.5mg·L-1Cd2＋的暴露降低了吉富罗非鱼血清中谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH-Px）、酸性磷酸酶（ACP）、碱性磷酸酶（AKP）和溶菌酶（LYS）活力以及白细胞的吞噬活性（PA）和总抗氧化能力（T-AOC）水平,增加了丙二醛（MDA）含量;与CdS组比较,NSe增强了吉富罗非鱼血清GSH-Px、ACP、AKP和LYS活力,提高了白细胞PA和T-AOC水平,降低了MDA含量。研究结果显示：饵料中添加纳米硒可在一定程度上改善镉胁迫所造成的吉富罗非鱼非特异性免疫功能和抗氧化能力的下降,对镉暴露起到一定保护作用。 相似文献
5.
饲料中添加柠檬酸对罗非鱼的养殖效果分析 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
为考察在饲料中添加柠檬酸对罗非鱼生长的影响，采用300尾平均体重为10．3g的全雄奥尼罗非鱼鱼种，在基础饲料（对照组）中分别添加0．15％、0．30％、0．45％柠檬酸。经37d饲养后，各组增重率分别为152．4％、158．5％、171．5％和170．9％，饲料系数为1．58％、1．49、1．45和1．46，添加0．30％柠檬酸和0．45％柠檬酸分别提高罗非鱼增重率12．5％（P＜0．05）和11．2％（P＜0．05），降低了饲料系数，每公斤鱼体增重成本分别下降0．27元和0．22元。回归分析结果表明，柠檬酸的适宜添加水平为0．28％－0．34％。 相似文献
6.
该试验旨在探究复合荚膜甲基球菌蛋白（methanotroph bacteria meal,MBM）与棉籽蛋白（cottonseed meal,CSM）在降低鱼粉（fish meal,FM）的饲料中对珍珠龙胆石斑鱼（Epinephelus fuscoguttatus♀×E. lanceolatus♂）生长性能和肠道菌群的影响。以基础饲料（FM为40%）为FM组,降低FM至30%,添加复合蛋白源（MBM为4%,CSM为12%）为MC组,投喂初质量为(28.85±0.04)g的石斑鱼56 d。结果显示,两组石斑鱼生长性能、存活、饲料利用和体形态指标无显著差异（P>0.05）。MC组肌肉丙氨酸、组氨酸和精氨酸显著升高（P<0.05）,脯氨酸含量显著降低,血脂含量和转氨酶以及肝脏丙二醛显著降低（P<0.05）,肠道总抗氧化能力和绒毛长度显著升高（P<0.05）,肠道菌群Shannon和Simpson指数升高,菌群功能在代谢相关通路的富集度升高,环境信息处理相关通路的富集度降低。综上所述,MBM和CSM复合蛋白源能提高肝脏和肠道抗氧化能力,改善肠道发育和菌群结构。研究结果为... 相似文献
7.
为了解氮掺杂碳纳米粒子(N-CNPs)对土壤氮素转化和植物生长的影响,以油菜品种湘油15号为研究材料,以常规硝化抑制剂双氰胺(DCD)为阳性对照,采用室内盆栽法分析不同剂量N-CNPs对移植油菜后土壤氮素形态、含量以及油菜生长状况和氮肥利用率的影响。结果表明:N-CNPs能显著提高土壤NH_4~+-N含量同时降低NO_3~--N含量,与单施尿素相比,NH_4~+-N最大提升118%,NO_3~--N最大降低49.74 mg/kg。5‰和15‰的N-CNPs硝化抑制能力较5%的DCD高,在23 d时差异达到了显著水平。5‰的N-CNPs可增加油菜苗期氮素积累量,其氮肥利用率较单施尿素提升了16.77个百分点。N-CNPs剂量提升至15‰,油菜生长受到抑制。总体而言,N-CNPs具有较好的硝化抑制能力,提升氮肥利用率;5‰剂量的N-CNPs能促进油菜苗期的生长和氮素的积累。 相似文献
8.
选用体重约3 0kg的杜×长×大三元杂生长猪9 6头,随机分成4个处理组,每组6个重复,每重复4头,公母比为1∶1。A组为对照组,饲喂基础饲粮,B、C、D组为试验组(分别以2 5 0、5 0 0、750 U植酸酶/kg饲粮取代基础饲粮中的40%、60%、80%磷酸氢钙),以研究玉米豆粕型饲粮中添加植酸酶对生长猪生长性能和血液生化指标的影响。42 d的饲养试验结果表明:与对照组相比,B、C、D组的日增重分别提高了1.05%(P>0.05)、4.09%(P<0.05)、2.64%(P>0.05);饲料/增重比分别较对照组降低了2.18%、2.62%、1.75%;生长增重的饲料成本分别是对照组的97.38%、97.03%和97.73%;血清中钙含量分别提高了4.22%、4.22%、8.12%(P<0.05);血清中磷含量分别提高了1.46%、0.36%、14.23%(P<0.05),其他生化指标组间无明显差异。 相似文献
9.
本试验研究饲料中添加不同水平的DHEA对肉鸡脂类代谢和相关激素的影响。将180羽1日龄AA肉鸡随机分为饲料中不添加DHEA的对照组，添加20 mg•kg-1和5 mg•kg-1DHEA的高、低剂量组，饲喂至42日龄时分别从各组随机取12只公鸡和母鸡，采集血样、肝脏、腹脂、左侧胸肌和腿肌，分别测定血清葡萄糖(BG)、甘油三酯(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)、高密度脂蛋白(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL-C)、非酯化脂肪酸(NEFA)和三碘甲腺原氨酸(T3)、甲状腺素(T4)、游离T3(FT3)、游离T4(FT4)、胰高血糖素(glucagon)、瘦素(leptin)含量。结果表明：与对照组相比，DHEA显著降低肉鸡体重、腹脂重和腹脂率，显著降低TG、TC、HDL-C、FT3、FT4含量，显著升高瘦素含量，而对血糖和LDL-C没有影响；DHEA使公鸡血清NEFA含量升高，母鸡血清NEFA含量降低；DHEA使公鸡血清LPL活性和胰高血糖素含量显著升高，血清T4显著降低。提示，DHEA可能通过提高肉鸡体内脂类分解代谢相关酶的活性及激素水平，对脂类代谢起调节作用。 相似文献
10.
大豆黄酮对产蛋鸡生产性能、血液指标及激素分泌的影响 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
选用44周龄海兰褐商品蛋鸡208只,随机分为4组,分别在基础日粮中添加大豆黄酮0、5、10和15mg/kg,研究了日粮中添加不同水平大豆黄酮对不同时期产蛋鸡生产性能及相关激素水平、血液生化指标及激素分泌的影响。结果表明:添加大豆黄酮在试验各期均可以提高产蛋率、改善料蛋比,15mg/kg组可以显著提高日产蛋量;10和15mg/kg组可以显著提高游离三碘甲状腺原氨酸(FT3)水平,极显著提高游离甲状腺素(FT4)水平;5mg/kg组极显著降低血清IGF-1含量,15mg/kg组极显著提高血清IGF-1含量,各处理组血清胰岛素水平均极显著高于对照组;随着大豆黄酮添加量的增加,血清总胆固醇、甘油三酯、血清低密度脂蛋白胆固醇、血清高密度脂蛋白胆固醇、血糖、血清尿酸呈递减趋势。大豆黄酮可以明显改善44-56周龄海兰褐蛋鸡的生产性能、内分泌激素水平,并降低血液中胆固醇含量。 相似文献
11.
低氮和干旱胁迫对富士和秦冠生长及氮素利用的影响 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
【目的】以富士（Fuji）、 秦冠（Qinguan）嫁接在平邑甜茶（Malus hupehensis Rehd.）上的当年生盆栽苗为试验材料,采用砂培方法,研究了缺氮胁迫和干旱对富士和秦冠生长情况、 光合参数、 植株各部位氮磷钾含量及氮素利用效率的影响,分析比较了低氮干旱条件下富士和秦冠生长及氮素利用的差异,以期为果树生产高效肥水利用提供理论指导。【方法】试验共设四个处理: 正常氮正常水（ZZ）、 低氮正常水（DZ）、 正常氮干旱（ZG）、 低氮干旱（DG）。氮素和水分均设置两个水平,分别为正常氮（6 mmol/L NO-3-N）、 低氮（0.3 mmol/LNO-3-N）、 正常供水（保持盆中砂子相对含水量为饱和含水量的80%~85%）、 干旱处理（保持盆中砂子相对含水量为饱和含水量的60%~65%）。【结果】富士和秦冠的生物量（茎和叶）、 株高茎粗等生长指标以及光合速率、 气孔导度、 蒸腾速率均为正常氮正常水（ZZ）＞低氮正常水（DZ）＞正常氮干旱（ZG）＞低氮干旱（DG）,并且相对应处理下秦冠的以上指标均高于富士;正常供水下,缺氮处理使富士、 秦冠的根冠比比正常氮处理均有所增加,富士提高了2.05%,秦冠提高了22.40%。富士和秦冠的氮、 磷、 钾含量均表现出正常氮正常水（ZZ）＞低氮正常水（DZ）＞正常氮干旱（ZG）＞低氮干旱（DG）; 氮、 钾元素含量在植株各部位的分布顺序依次是叶＞根＞茎,磷元素则是根＞叶＞茎;光合氮素利用效率（PNUE）和氮素利用效率表现为秦冠处理之间差异极显著,富士处理之间差异不显著;秦冠的PNUE和NUE明显高于富士,在低氮正常水（DZ）处理下,秦冠氮肥利用率比富士高42.07%,在低氮干旱（DG）处理下高64.14%;低氮胁迫下富士和秦冠的NUE显著提高,并且秦冠提高的幅度高于富士。【结论】施用氮肥能够显著提高富士与秦冠的干物质量,同等水肥条件下,秦冠生长优于富士;水分亏缺会减少叶片对氮的吸收,干旱条件下适度增施氮肥,可提高果树的抗旱能力;低氮干旱胁迫下秦冠的生长指标、 光合指标及氮素利用效率指标均优于富士,表现出较强的抗低氮干旱胁迫的能力。 相似文献
12.
Aleš Lebeda Ivana Doležalová Eva Křístková Barbora Mieslerová 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2001,48(2):153-164
Staff members of the Department of Botany of Palacký University in Olomouc and Gene Bank Department – Workplace Olomouc, Research Institute of Crop Production in Prague, Czech Republic, conducted an expedition in seven European countries (Austria, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Switzerland) in August/September 1999 to collect wild Lactuca spp. germplasm and study its geographic distribution, ecology and biodiversity. During the mission, more than 600 locations were visited resulting in the collection of 602 seed samples (accessions) of wild Lactuca species and 13 seed samples of related genera (Chondrilla and Mycelis). Lactuca serriola f. serriola, L. serriola f. integrifolia, L. saligna and L. viminea subsp. chondrilliflora were prevalent in southern Europe (Italy, France), however, only L. serriola was common in central and western Europe (Austria, Czech Republic, Germany, Netherlands, Switzerland). The greatest diversity of Lactuca species was found in France, where also the most seed samples (165) were collected. The most characteristic habitats with a high density of Lactuca spp. populations were observed along roads and highways, grassy ditches, ruderal communities, and dust-heaps. Natural infections by powdery mildew (Erysiphe cichoracearum) and downy mildew (Bremia lactucae) on some wild Lactuca spp. were observed. Recent observations concerning the geographic distribution, population structure, habitats, and natural occurrence of diseases of Lactuca spp. are discussed. This assemblage of genetic resources of Lactuca spp. can serve as the basis of future studies of species diversification, spatial population structure, plant microevolution, domestication processes, and genetic variability of host-parasite interactions. 相似文献
13.
Kyle Devey Michael Mucalo Gordon Rajendram Joseph Lane 《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2015,46(4):72-80
Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is a new technique for the analysis of plant material. This study investigates the application of LIBS to pasture-based plant samples. The LIBS measurements were obtained from pelletized pasture samples (100 samples) that had been also analyzed by inductively coupled plasma–optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) following microwave digestion for calibration and comparison purposes. Comparisons for elements sodium (Na), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), boron (B), phosphorus (P), and sulfur (S) showed that LIBS could be used for almost all the standard profile total elements with concentrations down to low mg/kg levels (observed error of Na: 0.024 percent, K: 0.18 percent, Mg: 0.016 percent, Ca: 0.073 percent, P: 0.017 percent, Mn: 31 mg/kg, Fe: 150 mg/kg, Zn: 6.6 mg/kg, and B: 1.1 mg/kg). Elemental analysis at less than mg/kg levels was not possible using LIBS. The elements S and Cu were particularly difficult to analyze with reliability using LIBS at the concentration levels found in the plant samples. Replacing microwave digestion and subsequent ICP analysis with a direct analysis of dried plant samples using LIBS has the potential to improve the productivity and reduce the cost of testing. 相似文献
14.
Thomas Larsen Jesper Luxhøi Jakob Magid Lars Stoumann Jensen Paul Henning Krogh 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2007,44(1):59-68
We have studied the effect of anaerobically digested (ADMSW) and composted municipal solid waste (CMSW) on mineralization
and foodweb dynamics to verify the hypothesis that ADMSW would immobilize N right after addition to soil in contrast to addition
with CMSW. Another hypothesis was that the mesofauna (enchytraeids and microarthropods) would stimulate N release from the
decomposer community. We measured excretion of -N and urea-N from the mesofauna and hypothesized that enchytraeids would release urea. ADMSW and CMSW were amended to pots
with sandy loam and barley. The pots were divided into treatments with or without mesofauna. Mesofauna, plant N and biomass,
soil N and ergosterol (fungal biomass) were measured over a 113-day period of four equidistant samplings. Soil respiration,
N mineralization and N release by the mesofauna were modelled from concurrent studies. ADMSW- and CMSW-treated soils initially
(<20 days) immobilized N. The amendments did not increase plant growth substantially, and this was probably due to N-limitation
in the early stages of plant growth. Enchytraeid abundance was about three times higher in ADMSW- than CMSW-treated soils,
indicating that ADMSW contained more labile compounds, bacteria, and microfauna. The mesofauna did not affect N-content, but
the cumulated -N excreted by the mesofauna was estimated to be substantial and about one-fifth of total plant N in ADMSW. An explanation
for this discrepancy might be that in the absence of the mesofauna, other members of the detrivore and microbivore community
performed the mesofauna’s function. Neither enchytraeids nor microarthropods excreted urea. 相似文献
15.
《中国生态农业学报》2014,(6)
正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology, 相似文献
16.
《中国生态农业学报》2014,(7)
正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology, 相似文献
17.
I.L. Boyd 《Biological conservation》2010,143(7):1664-1674
“Wicked” problems are those that are complex and that change when solutions are applied. Many conflicts in conservation fall into this category. The study approached the problem of how to constrain the apparent wickedness of a problem in the conservation management of a species by using simple empirical indicators to carry out iterative assessment of the risk to a population and to document how this risk evolves in relation to the addition of new data and the implementation of management actions. Effects of high levels of uncertainty within data and also concerning population structure were examined through stochastic simulation and by exploration of scenarios. Historical trends in the example used, the Steller sea lion, showed rapid declines in abundance in some regions during the 1980s. The current total population is 130,000-150,000 Steller sea lions through Alaska and British Columbia and this number has been stable since about 1990 in spite of regional differences in population dynamics. Regional differences in the sequence of changes in the number of pups and non-pups, suggested that an internal re-distribution of juveniles could have happened between 1980 and 1990. Current productivity also appears close to the long-term mean. Stochastic population projection using various scenarios showed that, based upon this history, the risk of extinction for the population has declined and is below reasonable thresholds for considering the population to be endangered. The trends in risk suggest that management actions taken since 1990 have probably been effective. Consequently, the conservation management objectives for the Steller sea lion are probably being met. The approach provides a mechanism, based upon experience and scenario analysis, for exploring future policy options and may help to constrain the debate amongst stakeholders about the cost-benefit trade-offs associated with different options. 相似文献
18.
Soil-profile distribution of primary and secondary plant-available nutrients under conventional and no tillage 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Nutrient distributions under no tillage (NT) compared with conventional disk-and-bed tillage (CT) management in the warm, humid region of the southeastern USA need to be assessed so that future placement, quantity, and type of fertilizers can be altered, if necessary, to efficiently match crop demands. We determined soil-profile distributions of pH, N, P, S, K, Ca, Mg, Na, Zn, Fe, Mn, and Cu to a depth of 0.9 m at the end of 8.5 years of continuous CT and NT management on a Weswood silty clay loam (fine, mixed, thermic Fluventic Ustochrept) in southcentral Texas. Most dramatic changes occurred within the 0–0.05 m depth, where soil under NT had lower pH, Fe, and Cu than under CT, but greater P, K, Zn, and Mn. Greater P and K under NT than under CT also occurred below the till-zone (0.15–0.3 m). At a depth of 0–0.3 m, soil under NT contained greater amounts of extractable P, K, Zn, Fe, Mn, and Cu than under CT. Nitrogen fertilization had little effect on nutrient distributions, except resulting in greater extractable K at 0–0.05 m and greater nitrate at 0–0.15 m. Few changes in soil-profile distributions were observed for extractable S, Ca, Mg, and Na. Long-term continuous use of NT on this fine-textured, high-fertility (except for N) soil had no apparent adverse effects on nutrient distributions relative to CT, but enhanced conservation and availability of P, K, Zn, Fe, Mn, and Cu near the soil surface where crop roots proliferate. 相似文献
19.
《中国生态农业学报》2014,(8)
正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology, 相似文献
20.
M.A. Callaham Jr. J.M. BlairT.C. Todd D.J. KitchenM.R. Whiles 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2003,35(8):1079-1093
The responses of tallgrass prairie plant communities and ecosystem processes to fire and grazing are well characterized. However, responses of invertebrate consumer groups, and particularly soil-dwelling organisms, to these disturbances are not well known. At Konza Prairie Biological Station, we sampled soil macroinvertebrates in 1994 and 1999 as part of a long-term experiment designed to examine the effects and interactions of annual fire, mowing, and fertilization (N and P) on prairie soil communities and processes. For nearly all taxa, in both years, responses were characterized by significant treatment interactions, but some general patterns were evident. Introduced European earthworms (Aporrectodea spp. and Octolasion spp.) were most abundant in plots where fire was excluded, and the proportion of the total earthworm community consisting of introduced earthworms was greater in unburned, unmowed, and fertilized plots. Nymphs of two Cicada genera were collected (Cicadetta spp. and Tibicen spp.). Cicadetta nymphs were more abundant in burned plots, but mowing reduced their abundance. Tibicen nymphs were collected almost exclusively from unburned plots. Treatment effects on herbivorous beetle larvae (Scarabaeidae, Elateridae, and Curculionidae) were variable, but nutrient additions (N or P) usually resulted in greater densities, whereas mowing usually resulted in lower densities. Our results suggest that departures from historical disturbance regimes (i.e. frequent fire and grazing) may render soils more susceptible to increased numbers of European earthworms, and that interactions between fire, aboveground biomass removal, and vegetation responses affect the structure and composition of invertebrate communities in tallgrass prairie soils. 相似文献