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方格星虫幼体饵料研究 总被引：12，自引：0，他引：12
以10种饵料投喂方格星虫幼体进行定性和定量试验,实验用的方格星虫幼体是通过人工催产孵化获得。试验结果表明:9种海产单细胞藻类和面包酵母都是方格星虫幼体的良好饵料,其中以扁藻、等鞭金藻、叉鞭金藻、绿色巴夫藻、牟氏角毛藻和三角褐指藻投喂效果最好,星虫幼体日平均生长率达46～52μm,存活率达80%以上。饵料密度对星虫幼体生长及存活的影响明显。饵料密度过低,星虫幼体生长率和存活率都较低;饵料密度过高时,虽然星虫生长率有所提高,但存活率明显下降。扁藻投喂密度以4000～6000cell ml、金藻、角毛藻密度以15000～20000cell ml为宜。初期幼体投喂金藻和角毛藻时,其生长率大于投喂扁藻的生长率;后期幼体投喂扁藻时,幼体生长率反而大于投喂金藻和角毛藻的生长率。因此,初期幼体宜投喂细胞较小的金藻和角毛藻,后期投喂扁藻。 相似文献
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文章采用湛江叉鞭金藻(Dicrateria zhanjiangensis)、纤细角毛藻(Chaetoceros gracilis)、绿色巴夫藻(Pavlova viridis)、扁藻(Platymonas subcordiformis)、小球藻(Chlorella vulgaris)及混合藻(金藻和角毛藻1∶1混合)投喂紫海胆(Anthocidaris crassispina),研究了微藻饵料对紫海胆浮游幼体生长发育的影响。结果表明,不同饵料对紫海胆浮游幼体生长发育的效果有差异,金藻是最佳饵料品种,角毛藻次之,其后分别为巴夫藻、小球藻和混合藻,扁藻不适于作为紫海胆浮游幼体的开口饵料。就饵料种类而言,金藻作为紫海胆浮游幼体饵料的成活率可达(23.12±1.8)%,显著高于其他单胞藻类(P<0.05)。就发育速度而言,以角毛藻和金藻混合喂食的海胆浮游幼体整体发育速度最快,幼体平均体长为(885.25±30.49)μm,显著高于其他5种处理(P<0.05);投喂巴夫藻的浮游幼体前期生长较慢,体长为(337.98±24.56)μm,后期较其他单胞藻类生长快,体长可达(580±32.95)μm,适宜作为紫海胆浮游幼体后期饵料。 相似文献
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采用7种单胞藻饲育杂交海胆浮游幼体以研究其饵料效果。结果表明：简单角刺藻是最佳的饵料品种，牟氏角毛藻稍次之，再次分别为：盐藻，湛江叉鞭金藻。而小新月菱形藻，扁藻，小球藻均不适合作为杂交海胆浮游幼体的饵料。对优选出的几种饵料进行混合投喂时，则以简单角刺藻与盐藻混合的饵料效果最佳。 相似文献
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不同饵料对毛蚶幼体发育的影响 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
在毛蚶人工育苗过程中,使用球等鞭金藻、角毛藻、小球藻、扁藻4种藻类的不同组合投喂毛蚶幼体。结果表明,饵料种类越多,变态率越高,生长速度越快;球等鞭金藻、角毛藻、小球藻、扁藻搭配(体积比1:1:1:1)变态率为30%,出库需(壳长1 mm)27 d;球等鞭金藻、角毛藻、小球藻搭配(体积比1:1:1)变态率为29%,出库需29 d;球等鞭金藻、小球藻搭配(体积比1:1)变态率为24%,出库需31 d;角毛藻、小球藻搭配(体积比1:1)变态率为19%,出库需33 d;单一投喂小球藻,变态率为3%,出库需44 d。说明不同饵料间的营养可以互补,多种饵料搭配能为幼体发育提供更全面的营养,饵料多样性是影响幼体培养效果的重要因素。 相似文献
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自溶面包酵母在马氏珠母贝育苗中的饵料效果 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在实验车间内利用120L的塑料箱作为实验容器,采用自溶面包酵母(Saccharomyces cerevisiae)作为单细胞藻的辅助饵料,研究其在马氏珠母贝(Pinctada martensii Dunker)育苗中的饵料效果,以期解决该贝育苗过程饵料供应不稳定、易培饵料品种小球藻(Chlorella sp.)利用率低的问题。研究结果表明:(1)在温度(30.0±0.5)℃、NaCl质量分数3%、pH6.5～7.0的自溶条件下,用经过18h自溶的酵母投喂D形幼虫,其平均日壳长增长率显著高于其他自溶时间酵母投喂组效果,单独投喂非自溶酵母时D形幼虫不能存活;(2)D形幼虫期单投自溶酵母,幼虫成活率与金藻组没有显著差异(P>0.05),生长速度比金藻组提高8%(P<0.05),说明自溶酵母可以完全替代湛江等鞭金藻(Isochrysis zhanjiangensis Hu﹠Liu),但在壳顶幼虫期和稚贝期单投自溶酵母不能使幼虫和稚贝正常发育和存活;(3)壳顶幼虫期及眼点幼虫至稚贝期投喂"自溶酵母 小球藻(Chlorella sp.)"或"自溶酵母 扁藻[Platymonas subcordiformis(Wille)]",其生长速度及存活率或稚贝育成率均显著高于单投扁藻或小球藻(P<0.05),单投小球藻的饵料效果最差;(4)自溶酵母与小球藻混投对眼点幼虫至稚贝培育效果较单独投喂影响显著,可显著(P<0.05)提高稚贝的育成率、生长速度和耐干露能力。研究表明,使用自溶酵母可以优化马氏珠母贝健康苗种规模繁育中的饵料供应工艺及提高易培饵料品种小球藻的利用价值,从而提高该贝育苗效果。 相似文献
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本文叙述了在室内控制条件下，摄食底栖硅藻和几种浮游单细胞藻的菲律宾蛤仔稚贝的生长速度和存活率。结果表明，稚贝不论是摄食底栖硅藻还是摄食浮游单细胞藻都能正常生长，只是摄食不同种类的饵料生长速度不同而已，其中以摄食底栖硅藻和角毛藻、湛江叉鞭藻和角毛藻的混合投喂效果最佳。稚贝摄食这些饵料，不但生长快(分别为33．7微米／日和29．2微米／日)，而且存活率高(80％左右)。除要注意选择适宜的饵料种类外，饵料的投放密度也不可勿视。在稚贝的培养中，所投饵料的适宜密度应控制在2．5—5万个，毫升(混合饵料各一半)。本文还论述了底栖硅藻和冷冻扁藻混合投喂也能获得较满意结果，但比上述最佳的混合饵料的效果差。 相似文献
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尖紫蛤壳顶幼虫适宜饵料的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了研究尖紫蛤壳顶幼虫适宜饵料种类和投喂浓度,选用5组微藻做为饵料,研究其对尖紫蛤(Soletellina acuta Cai et Zhuang)壳顶幼虫生长和存活的影响。5组微藻分别是A组微绿球藻(Nannochloropsis oculata sp.),B组亚心形扁藻(Platymonas subcordiformi),C组湛江等鞭金藻(Isochrysis zhanjiangensis)+亚心形扁藻,D组绿色巴夫藻(Pavlova viridis)+亚心形扁藻,E组小球藻(Chlorella sp.)+亚心形扁藻。单因素方差分析表明:A组饵料效果为最好;B组和C组的饵料效果次之,E组和D组的饵料效果较差;不同饵料种类下,A组壳顶幼虫有最大生长和存活率;不同饵料浓度下,A组的最适投喂浓度是12 000个/(mL.d),C组的最适投喂浓度是5 000+5 000个/(mL.d)。A组和C组获得了较高的生长速率和成活率,可做为尖紫蛤壳顶幼虫适宜的饵料。 相似文献
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Flocculated microalgae concentrates as diets for larvae of the tiger prawn Penaeus monodon Fabricius
Fresh algal culture is a major bottleneck in the aquaculture industry. Substitutes that are cost-effective and simplify hatchery procedures, such as algae concentrates need to be evaluated. Four species of alga – Chaetoceros muelleri , C. calcitrans , a tropical Skeletonema sp. and Thalassiosira pseudonana – were concentrated by flocculation, stored for 6 weeks at 4 °C and then compared with their fresh counterparts as feeds for Penaeus monodon larvae. The algae were fed at either high or low cell densities with no supplements.
Fresh C. muelleri promoted the highest survival, greatest weight gain and fastest development to mysis 1. Larvae fed this diet were twice as heavy as those fed most of the other diets. Concentrated C. muelleri or T. pseudonana promoted similar survival rates to that of larvae fed fresh C. muelleri although development rates were slower. Larvae fed fresh C. calcitrans had high survival and intermediate development, but those fed the concentrate had very poor survival and development. Skeletonema sp., whether in the fresh or concentrated form, was a poor diet for prawn larvae: it resulted in high mortality and slow development. Cell density did not affect survival or dry weight of larvae but did affect development in some cases. Flocculated algal concentrates show promise as replacement feeds for fresh algae. 相似文献
Fresh C. muelleri promoted the highest survival, greatest weight gain and fastest development to mysis 1. Larvae fed this diet were twice as heavy as those fed most of the other diets. Concentrated C. muelleri or T. pseudonana promoted similar survival rates to that of larvae fed fresh C. muelleri although development rates were slower. Larvae fed fresh C. calcitrans had high survival and intermediate development, but those fed the concentrate had very poor survival and development. Skeletonema sp., whether in the fresh or concentrated form, was a poor diet for prawn larvae: it resulted in high mortality and slow development. Cell density did not affect survival or dry weight of larvae but did affect development in some cases. Flocculated algal concentrates show promise as replacement feeds for fresh algae. 相似文献
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研究了利用牟氏角毛藻(Chaetoceros muelleri)和海洋红酵母(Rhodotorula sp.)单独投喂和按照一定比例混合投喂对玉足海参浮游幼体生长、发育以及成活率的影响。将牟氏角毛藻液与海洋红酵母稀释液按照4：0、3：1、2：2、1：3和0：4的体积比混合后投喂玉足海参浮游幼体,依次标记为A、B、C、D和E组。结果表明,仅投喂角毛藻的A组幼体的生长和发育速度最快,实验开始后该组幼体可以在第10 d进入大耳幼体阶段,第18 d进入樽形幼体阶段;同时,A组幼体的成活率最高,至实验结束时其平均成活率为58.73±2.75%。相比之下,整个实验过程中D和E组幼体一直停滞在小耳幼体阶段,且无法形成球状体;其中E组幼体的体长一直呈负增长状态,至实验结束时其平均成活率仅为22.22±5.50%。总体来说,随着饵料中海洋红酵母比例的增加,玉足海参浮游幼体的生长、发育及成活率均受到不利影响。因此,海洋红酵母并不适合作为替代饵料用于玉足海参浮游幼体培育。 相似文献
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为了解单一饵料或混合投喂对玉足海参(Holothuria leucospilota)幼体生长的影响,采用2种单胞藻(牟氏角毛藻、球等鞭金藻)和2种酵母(酿酒酵母、海洋红酵母)单一或组合搭配投喂玉足海参耳状幼体,测定并比较海参幼体的体长、胃宽、水体腔长、变态成活率等指标。试验结果显示：单一饵料组中,牟氏角毛藻对玉足海参幼体体长的生长及变态存活最有利,而球等鞭金藻对其脏器(胃、水体腔)的发育最有利;综合所有处理组的投喂效果看,混合投喂组比单一饵料组更有利于玉足海参幼体的生长和存活,其中酿酒酵母+海洋红酵母的混合投喂组合得到了最高的体长、胃宽和水体腔长特定生长率,牟氏角毛藻+海洋红酵母投喂组的变态成活率最高,变态发育速度最快。结果表明,在玉足海参幼体培养早期适合以混合酵母为主投喂,后期则可较多投喂牟氏角毛藻和海洋红酵母。 相似文献
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ω_3HUFA对中华绒螯蟹幼体存活率及体脂肪酸组成的影响 总被引：13，自引：4，他引：13
分别以经海水小球藻、牟氏角毛藻和５０ＤＥ－Ｇ强化剂强化的轮虫投喂中华绒螯蟹早期幼体,至Ｚａｏ状Ⅲ期后改喂卤虫无节幼体,探讨了饵料ω－３系列高度不饱和脂肪酸对幼体发育和存活的影响。结果表明：小球藻轮虫组的幼体发育至第Ⅰ期幼蟹的存活率最高,为１２．００％,强化剂轮虫组和角毛藻轮虫组次之,分别为１０．６７％和９．６７％,而酵母轮虫组最低,仅为３．６７％;结合分析Ｚａｏ状Ⅴ期幼体脂肪酸组成可知,幼体发育至第Ⅰ期幼蟹的存活率与其总脂含量和ω－３ＨＵＦＡ含量密切相关,而Ｚａｏ状Ⅴ期幼体总脂含量与ω－３ＨＵＦＡ含量随饵料轮虫总脂和ω－３ＨＵＦＡ含量的增加而提高,表明早期幼体所摄取的ω－３ＨＵＦＡ对后期幼体发育和存活有明显的促进作用。 相似文献
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试验分延迟0d、1d、2d、3d、4d、5d、6d、7d投饵和完全饥饿9个试验组,研究了延迟投饵对泥鳅仔鱼摄食、生长和存活的影响。结果显示：水温27℃±1℃时,泥鳅仔鱼3日龄开口,混合营养期2d,4日龄卵黄囊消失。开口当日初次摄食率为36%,最高初次摄食率出现在5日龄,达98%,饥饿不可逆点（PNR）在8～9日龄。延迟0d（正常投饵）和1d投饵组仔鱼体长一直呈增长趋势,至11日龄,两组仔鱼体长没有显著差异（P>0.05）;随延迟投饵天数的增加,仔鱼体长生长速度明显降低;完全饥饿组仔鱼3～5日龄呈正增长,随后转为负增长。延迟0d和1d投饵组,11日龄时仔鱼存活率分别为82.67%和89.33%,且两者无显著差异（P>0.05）;随延迟投饵天数的增加,11日龄时仔鱼存活率明显降低;完全饥饿组,11日龄时仔鱼全部死亡。 相似文献
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This paper describes an indoor feeding experiment with grass carp larvae. It was intended to identify rates of survival and growth of newly hatched larvae in a hatchery using dry feed only until they reached a size which allowed stocking in growing ponds without additional nursing. The larvae fed on Alkan yeast reached a mean total length of 10.3 mm with negligible mortality rates within a feeding period of 1 week. Problems concerning optimal feeding with dry feed and optimal stocking densities in rearing tanks are briefly discussed. 相似文献
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Rates of Yolk Utilization and Effects of Delayed Initial Feeding in the Larvae of the Freshwater Fishes Rohu and Singhi 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The yolk utilization rates and effects of delayed initial feeding were examined on the feeding ability, survival and growth of the larvae of two freshwater species, rohu, Labeo rohita and singhi, Heteropneustes fossilis reared in the laboratory at 26 (2) °C. Although the yolk reserves in both species lasted at least 7 days after hatching, all larvae initiated feeding by the fifth day, indicating a short period of mixed (endogenous and exogenous) feeding. When first feeding was delayed beyond the fifth day, subsequent weight gains and survival rates declined progressively for both rohu and singhi, although their feeding abilities were not adversely affected until the seventh (singhi) and eleventh (rohu) day. The point of no return (PNR) (when 50% of the unfed larvae were unable to feed when offered food) was reached in singhi when they were 8 days old and in rohu when they were 14 days old. Even among the larvae that fed at PNR, their subsequent mortality rate was nearly 100%, reflecting the irreversible effects of starvation. This study showed that rohu were more resistant to starvation than singhi. 相似文献
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试验结果表明：（１）２日龄真鲷,牙鲆仔鱼初次摄食,在６￣７日龄和５￣６日龄,不能建立外源性营养的仔鱼分别进入ＰＮＲ期,而卵黄囊均在此前１￣２天已耗尽。混合营养期分别为３￣４天和１￣２天。（２）真鲷和牙鲆仔鱼在不同饥饰饿阶段初次摄食率的变化式型是：开始较低,此后逐步上升,高峰期出现在卵黄囊接近耗尽时,此后开始下降。记录到的最高初次摄食率分别为８６．７％和３５％。（３）牙鲆仔鱼体长的增长率随延迟投饵天 相似文献