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1.
研究了利用牟氏角毛藻(Chaetoceros muelleri)和海洋红酵母(Rhodotorula sp.)单独投喂和按照一定比例混合投喂对玉足海参浮游幼体生长、发育以及成活率的影响。将牟氏角毛藻液与海洋红酵母稀释液按照4：0、3：1、2：2、1：3和0：4的体积比混合后投喂玉足海参浮游幼体,依次标记为A、B、C、D和E组。结果表明,仅投喂角毛藻的A组幼体的生长和发育速度最快,实验开始后该组幼体可以在第10 d进入大耳幼体阶段,第18 d进入樽形幼体阶段;同时,A组幼体的成活率最高,至实验结束时其平均成活率为58.73±2.75%。相比之下,整个实验过程中D和E组幼体一直停滞在小耳幼体阶段,且无法形成球状体;其中E组幼体的体长一直呈负增长状态,至实验结束时其平均成活率仅为22.22±5.50%。总体来说,随着饵料中海洋红酵母比例的增加,玉足海参浮游幼体的生长、发育及成活率均受到不利影响。因此,海洋红酵母并不适合作为替代饵料用于玉足海参浮游幼体培育。 相似文献
2.
对双齿围沙蚕3刚节疣足幼体(均由同一条沙蚕孵化而来)进行饵料种类试验,共设8组有盐藻、亚心形扁藻、角毛藻、球等鞭金藻、微绿球藻、海洋酵母、空白组和混合组(亚心形扁藻+盐藻+角毛藻);用不同密度的球等鞭金藻开始投喂3刚节疣足幼体(均由同一条沙蚕孵化而来),设置梯度为5×107L-1(cells/L),10×107L-1,15×107L-1,20×107L-1;不同幼体期投沙试验:设置梯度为3刚节疣足幼体期、4刚节疣足幼体期、5刚节疣足幼体期;沙粒试验:设置梯度为细沙(100目过滤)、粗沙(80目过滤)和对照组不投沙。不同饵料种类的投喂试验表明:沙蚕幼体在3刚节末(即体节已发育分化成4节,但疣足和刚毛尚未长出)时开口摄食,此时较佳的饵料是球等鞭金藻、盐藻、角毛藻、海洋酵母和混合藻(亚心形扁藻+盐藻+角毛藻)。以球等鞭金藻为幼体主要饵料进行的不同投喂密度的试验表明:以20×104cell/mL组效果最佳。投沙试验试验结果表明:在3刚节幼体末期投细沙效果最好。 相似文献
3.
方格星虫幼体饵料研究 总被引：12，自引：0，他引：12
以10种饵料投喂方格星虫幼体进行定性和定量试验,实验用的方格星虫幼体是通过人工催产孵化获得。试验结果表明:9种海产单细胞藻类和面包酵母都是方格星虫幼体的良好饵料,其中以扁藻、等鞭金藻、叉鞭金藻、绿色巴夫藻、牟氏角毛藻和三角褐指藻投喂效果最好,星虫幼体日平均生长率达46～52μm,存活率达80%以上。饵料密度对星虫幼体生长及存活的影响明显。饵料密度过低,星虫幼体生长率和存活率都较低;饵料密度过高时,虽然星虫生长率有所提高,但存活率明显下降。扁藻投喂密度以4000～6000cell ml、金藻、角毛藻密度以15000～20000cell ml为宜。初期幼体投喂金藻和角毛藻时,其生长率大于投喂扁藻的生长率;后期幼体投喂扁藻时,幼体生长率反而大于投喂金藻和角毛藻的生长率。因此,初期幼体宜投喂细胞较小的金藻和角毛藻,后期投喂扁藻。 相似文献
4.
对双齿围沙蚕3刚节疣足幼体(均由同一条沙蚕孵化而来)进行饵料种类试验,共设8组有盐藻、亚心形扁藻、角毛藻、球等鞭金藻、微绿球藻、海洋酵母、空白组和混合组(亚心形扁藻+盐藻+角毛藻);用不同密度的球等鞭金藻开始投喂3刚节疣足幼体(均由同一条沙蚕孵化而来),设置梯度为5×10~4,10×10~4,15×10~4,20×10~4 cell/ml;不同幼体期投沙试验:设置梯度为3、4、5刚节疣足幼体期;沙粒试验:设置梯度为细沙(100目过滤)、粗沙(80目过滤)和对照组不投沙。不同饵料种类的投喂试验表明:沙蚕幼体在3刚节末(即体节已发育分化成4节,但疣足和刚毛尚未长出)时开口摄食,此时较佳的饵料是球等鞭金藻、盐藻、角毛藻、海洋酵母和混合藻(亚心形扁藻+盐藻+角毛藻)。以球等鞭金藻为幼体主要饵料进行的不同投喂密度的试验表明:以20×10~4 cell/ml组效果最佳。投沙试验结果表明:在3刚节幼体末期投细沙效果最好。 相似文献
5.
饵料种类与密度对方斑东风螺Babylonia areolata(Lamarck)幼虫生长影响的实验研究 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
笔者开展了不同饵料种类与密度对方斑东风螺面盘幼虫生长与成活率的影响的研究。实验结果:以单种单胞藻投喂方斑东风螺幼虫是牟氏角毛藻的效果最好;两种单胞藻混合投喂方斑东风螺幼虫是牟氏角毛藻+湛江叉鞭金藻组合效果最好;任何两种饵料组合均比这两种饵料的单种投喂幼虫生长速度快。牟氏角毛藻以4×104cells/mL的日投饵密度饲养幼虫效果最好;湛江叉鞭金藻和微绿球藻均是以6×104cells/mL日投饵密度饲养幼虫效果最好。 相似文献
6.
不同饵料对毛蚶幼体发育的影响 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
在毛蚶人工育苗过程中,使用球等鞭金藻、角毛藻、小球藻、扁藻4种藻类的不同组合投喂毛蚶幼体。结果表明,饵料种类越多,变态率越高,生长速度越快;球等鞭金藻、角毛藻、小球藻、扁藻搭配(体积比1:1:1:1)变态率为30%,出库需(壳长1 mm)27 d;球等鞭金藻、角毛藻、小球藻搭配(体积比1:1:1)变态率为29%,出库需29 d;球等鞭金藻、小球藻搭配(体积比1:1)变态率为24%,出库需31 d;角毛藻、小球藻搭配(体积比1:1)变态率为19%,出库需33 d;单一投喂小球藻,变态率为3%,出库需44 d。说明不同饵料间的营养可以互补,多种饵料搭配能为幼体发育提供更全面的营养,饵料多样性是影响幼体培养效果的重要因素。 相似文献
7.
采用7种单胞藻饲育杂交海胆浮游幼体以研究其饵料效果。结果表明：简单角刺藻是最佳的饵料品种，牟氏角毛藻稍次之，再次分别为：盐藻，湛江叉鞭金藻。而小新月菱形藻，扁藻，小球藻均不适合作为杂交海胆浮游幼体的饵料。对优选出的几种饵料进行混合投喂时，则以简单角刺藻与盐藻混合的饵料效果最佳。 相似文献
8.
《河北渔业》2021,(10)
为研究活体生物饵料在非洲斑节对虾(Penaeus mondon)溞状幼体中的应用效果,试验使用牟氏角毛藻(Chaetocevos mueueri)和经牟氏角毛藻强化的褶皱臂尾轮虫(Brachionus plicatilis)替代商品螺旋藻粉(Spirulina platensis)投喂非洲斑节对虾溞状幼体,试验设置3组:对照组(A_0)采用传统的虾片与商品螺旋藻粉在溞状幼体阶段全程投喂;试验组A_1组以牟氏角毛藻替代商品螺旋藻粉投喂;试验组A_2组以牟氏角毛藻替代商品螺旋藻粉投喂,并在Z_2和Z_3期添加投喂经牟氏角毛藻强化的褶皱臂尾轮虫,每组设3个平行。结果表明:3组间溞状幼体成活率差异显著(P0.05),其中A_2组最高(73.9%),A_0组最低(51.4%);在溞状幼体变态时间上,3组间差异显著(P0.05),其中A_2组变态时间最短。试验表明,活体生物饵料替代商品螺旋藻粉有利于非洲斑节对虾溞状幼体培育,效果显著。 相似文献
9.
本研究以脊尾白虾(Exopalaemon carinicauda)幼体为研究对象,研究了牟氏角毛藻(Chaeroeeros moelleri)、褶皱臂尾轮虫(Brachionus plicatilis)和卤虫(Artemia salina)无节幼体搭配投喂对脊尾白虾幼体的存活率(SR)、变态发育和消化酶的影响。结果显示,单一卤虫组的幼体变态发育速度最快,14 d内全部变态为仔虾,其他3组则需要15 d;单一卤虫组、牟氏角毛藻+卤虫组和轮虫+卤虫组的幼体变态为仔虾时的SR分别为84.33%、84.67%和83.00%,各组间差异不显著(P>0.05);投喂牟氏角毛藻+轮虫+卤虫混合饵料组的幼体在Z5~P阶段大量死亡,变态为仔虾时的SR为35.67%。单一卤虫组投喂的脊尾白虾幼体的胃蛋白酶(1.94 U/mg prot)、脂肪酶(2.35 U/mg prot)和α-淀粉酶(0.13 U/mg prot)活力在4个组中最高,牟氏角毛藻+轮虫+卤虫组的胃蛋白酶(0.08 U/mg prot)、脂肪酶(0.91 U/mg prot)和α-淀粉酶(0.08 U/mg prot)活力在4个组中最低;牟氏角毛藻+卤虫组和轮虫+卤虫组的α-淀粉酶活力均为0.12 U/mg prot,而轮虫+卤虫组幼体的脂肪酶(1.78 U/mg prot)和胃蛋白酶(0.39 U/mg prot)比牟氏角毛藻+卤虫组分别高0.35和0.04 U/mg prot。研究表明,在脊尾白虾育苗过程中,投喂卤虫无节幼体(3~5 ind./mL),能提高幼体SR和加快变态发育速度,同时,在养殖过程中加入一定的牟氏角毛藻可减缓养殖水体恶化的速度。 相似文献
10.
文章采用湛江叉鞭金藻(Dicrateria zhanjiangensis)、纤细角毛藻(Chaetoceros gracilis)、绿色巴夫藻(Pavlova viridis)、扁藻(Platymonas subcordiformis)、小球藻(Chlorella vulgaris)及混合藻(金藻和角毛藻1∶1混合)投喂紫海胆(Anthocidaris crassispina),研究了微藻饵料对紫海胆浮游幼体生长发育的影响。结果表明,不同饵料对紫海胆浮游幼体生长发育的效果有差异,金藻是最佳饵料品种,角毛藻次之,其后分别为巴夫藻、小球藻和混合藻,扁藻不适于作为紫海胆浮游幼体的开口饵料。就饵料种类而言,金藻作为紫海胆浮游幼体饵料的成活率可达(23.12±1.8)%,显著高于其他单胞藻类(P<0.05)。就发育速度而言,以角毛藻和金藻混合喂食的海胆浮游幼体整体发育速度最快,幼体平均体长为(885.25±30.49)μm,显著高于其他5种处理(P<0.05);投喂巴夫藻的浮游幼体前期生长较慢,体长为(337.98±24.56)μm,后期较其他单胞藻类生长快,体长可达(580±32.95)μm,适宜作为紫海胆浮游幼体后期饵料。 相似文献
11.
Flocculated microalgae concentrates as diets for larvae of the tiger prawn Penaeus monodon Fabricius
Fresh algal culture is a major bottleneck in the aquaculture industry. Substitutes that are cost-effective and simplify hatchery procedures, such as algae concentrates need to be evaluated. Four species of alga – Chaetoceros muelleri , C. calcitrans , a tropical Skeletonema sp. and Thalassiosira pseudonana – were concentrated by flocculation, stored for 6 weeks at 4 °C and then compared with their fresh counterparts as feeds for Penaeus monodon larvae. The algae were fed at either high or low cell densities with no supplements.
Fresh C. muelleri promoted the highest survival, greatest weight gain and fastest development to mysis 1. Larvae fed this diet were twice as heavy as those fed most of the other diets. Concentrated C. muelleri or T. pseudonana promoted similar survival rates to that of larvae fed fresh C. muelleri although development rates were slower. Larvae fed fresh C. calcitrans had high survival and intermediate development, but those fed the concentrate had very poor survival and development. Skeletonema sp., whether in the fresh or concentrated form, was a poor diet for prawn larvae: it resulted in high mortality and slow development. Cell density did not affect survival or dry weight of larvae but did affect development in some cases. Flocculated algal concentrates show promise as replacement feeds for fresh algae. 相似文献
Fresh C. muelleri promoted the highest survival, greatest weight gain and fastest development to mysis 1. Larvae fed this diet were twice as heavy as those fed most of the other diets. Concentrated C. muelleri or T. pseudonana promoted similar survival rates to that of larvae fed fresh C. muelleri although development rates were slower. Larvae fed fresh C. calcitrans had high survival and intermediate development, but those fed the concentrate had very poor survival and development. Skeletonema sp., whether in the fresh or concentrated form, was a poor diet for prawn larvae: it resulted in high mortality and slow development. Cell density did not affect survival or dry weight of larvae but did affect development in some cases. Flocculated algal concentrates show promise as replacement feeds for fresh algae. 相似文献
12.
Stephan O'Connor Natalie Moltschaniwskyj Christopher J S Bolch Wayne O'Connor 《Aquaculture Research》2012,43(9):1317-1327
The influence of algal diet on survival, growth and development of hatchery reared flat oyster, Ostrea angasi, larvae was investigated in a series of uni, binary and ternary algal diet trials. Early stage larvae (140–230 μm shell length) generally grew faster than late‐stage larvae (230–340 μm shell length) when fed unialgal diets. Of the 24 algal diets evaluated, larvae fed unialgal diets of Isochrysis sp. (T. Iso), Nannochloropsis oculata, Tetraselmis chuii or Pavlova lutheri; a binary diet of T. chuii+T. Iso; or ternary diets of T. chuii+T. Iso combined with P. lutheri or N. oculata had the greatest larval growth, survival, development and metamorphosis, in the respective trials. The correlation between growth rate and spat produced in late‐stage larvae was stronger when fed unialgal diets (r = 0.75) than when larvae were fed either binary or ternary diets (r = 0.44 and r = 0.45 respectively). Marked differences in proportion of spat produced (24 h post metamorphosis) were evident among diets producing similar growth rates. For hatchery production of O. angasi larvae, ternary diets of T. chuii+T. Iso combined with either P. lutheri or N. oculata were the best diets to maximize larval growth rate, development and survival 24 h post metamorphosis. 相似文献
13.
Early weaning of winter flounder (Pseudopleuronectes americanus Walbaum) larvae on a commercial microencapsulated diet 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Like most small marine fish larvae, the stomachs of winter flounder Pseudopleuronectes americanus are undeveloped at first feeding and have relatively reduced digestive capacity. This work was undertaken to test whether larvae at the onset of stomach differentiation (larval size about 5.5 mm) could be early weaned onto a commercial microencapsulated diet. We assessed the effect of early weaning by first comparing growth performance (standard length, total protein content and age at metamorphosis) of larvae fed enriched live prey from first feeding to a size of 5.5 mm and then reared on three different feeding regimes until metamorphosis: (1) live prey (LP) as a control group; (2) mixed feeding of live prey and microencapsulated diet (LP‐ME); (3) exclusively microencapsulated diet (ME) after fast weaning over 4 days (to a larval size of 6.2 mm). No differences were observed between larval development in the two first groups, which began metamorphosis at 40 days old. The larvae of the third group showed significantly slower growth that resulted in a delay of 4 days in the onset of metamorphosis. Differences in live prey availability between the treatments and the short transition period to allow the larvae to adapt to the new diet were identified as possible contributing factors to the slower growth and to the delay in metamorphosis of early weaned larvae. In a second experiment, the transitional weaning period was increased until the larvae were 6.6 mm in length. Weaning at that size resulted in no slowing of growth or delay in metamorphosis, suggesting that the feeding schedule was adequate. 相似文献
14.
Joo Araújo Ana Candeias‐Mendes Ivo Monteiro Diogo Teixeira Florbela Soares Pedro Pouso‐Ferreira 《Aquaculture Research》2020,51(6):2545-2554
The quality of the microalgae provided on Paracentrotus lividus larvae rearing is a primordial factor having a direct (nutritional properties) and indirect (water quality) impact on growth, competence and survival. Skeletonema costatum is a diatom commonly used in the bivalve cultivation. However, the use of this diatom in P. lividus larval cultivations is poorly known. The Rhodomonas spp. is a microalgae commonly used in sea urchin larvae culture. Three different diets were tested on P. lividus larvae and post‐larvae cultivation (D1—Rhodomonas marina, D2—S. costatum, D3—mixture of both algae). Larvae fed with the D2 diet (55.8%) and D3 (39.9%) had a survival at 15 DAH higher than D1 (5.5%). The low survival in D1 could be due to the higher microbiological load on microalgae (Vibrio alginolyticus and V. pectenicide). Larvae fed with S. costatum (D2) showed a lower development than other diets. The competency index was lower for larvae fed with the D2. These results show that microalgae diversified diets contribute to a better development of P. lividus larvae. During the settlement and post‐settlement phase, there was also a lower growth of the sea urchin fed with the D2 and a higher survival for D3. 相似文献
15.
A commercial microencapsulated diet was used as a total or partial replacement of live prey for feeding larvae of winter flounder Pseudopleuronectes americanus (Walbaum), a potential alternative finfish species for coldwater marine aquaculture. Growth performance (morphometric measurements and biochemical composition) and nutritional condition (RNA/DNA ratios) of larvae fed live prey (Brachionus plicatilis Müller), a microencapsulated diet or a mixed diet of live prey and microcapsules were compared. Newly hatched larvae were unable to digest microencapsulated diet; live prey at initial feeding was required for their survival and growth. Larvae offered a mixed diet showed slower growth than larvae fed exclusively with live prey. However, at the onset of stomach differentiation, RNA/DNA ratios (indicators of protein synthesis potential) of the larvae fed both diets became similar. We suggest that, at that stage (size 5.5–6.3 mm), enzymatic activity had developed enough to allow digestion of inert food. As the RNA/DNA ratio is a good indicator of nutritional condition, it appears to be an interesting tool for the assessment of diet adequacy in marine larval feeding technology. 相似文献
16.
S. C. Cary D. L. Leighton C. F. Phleger 《Journal of the World Aquaculture Society》1981,12(1):156-169
The purple-hinge rock scallop is receiving increasing interest as a candidate for commercial mariculture. Hatchery culture of juveniles is prerequisite since natural recruitment of juveniles is variable and not dependable as a source of stock. Success in carrying larvae through metamorphosis has been limited. Critical to larval culture is a sound understanding of optimal food and feeding strategies. Growth and survival were examined in early larvae fed six algal diets at four separate concentrations. The data clearly illustrate the superiority of both Isochrysis galbana and a Tahitian (T) strain of Isochrysis. Feed concentrations of 1 × 105 cells/ml were found to be optimal for these species of Isochrysis. An I. galbana diet supported 80% survival through metamorphosis. The other algae examined included Mono-chrysis lutheri, Rhodomonas sp., Carteria pallida, and a 1:1:1 mixture of Rhodomonas, Monochrysis, and Isochrysis. All these diets supported 5–6% survival, and the growth was only slightly better than starvation controls. A similar study was done with early juveniles (1 mm dia). The diets included: I. galbana, M. lutheri, Thalassiosira pseudonana (3H), T-Isochrysis sp., and Phaedactylum tricornutum. As with the larvae, superior growth and survival occurred with diets of both species of Isochrysis. Cell concentrations between 1 × 105 and 2 × 105 cells/ml were optimal. The other diets supported minimal growth. In the feeding runs of both larvae and early juveniles, cell densities in excess of 5 × 105 cells/ml were detrimental. 相似文献
17.
Growth,settlement and survival of Dicathais orbita (Neogastropoda,Mollusca) larvae in response to temperature,diet and settlement cues 
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下载免费PDF全文 The southern Australian whelk, Dicathais orbita, is a potential candidate for aquaculture, as both seafood and for bioactive compound production. Larval rearing experiments to determine the effects of temperature and diet on the growth and survival of D. orbita larvae under laboratory conditions comprised five different unicellular algal diets of two brown algal species; Isochysis galbana and Chaetoceros muelleri, two green algae; Tetraselmis seucica and Nannochloropsis oculata, and a mixture of all four strains for larvae maintained at 16 and 22°C. Absolute growth, specific growth rate (SGR) and survival were determined regularly. Larvae reared at 22°C on a mixed diet, or brown algae, performed significantly better than those reared on green algal diets alone. Preliminary trials with settlement cues were undertaken on different aged larvae to determine when larvae become competent. An array of natural cues (carrion, Xenostrobus pulex, adult mucus and Ulvella lens), as well as concentrations of KCl was tested. KCl(concentration of 20 mM) induced the greatest settlement, however, no larvae metamorphosed under the conditions provided. This study confirms long‐lived planktotrophic larval development for Dicathais orbita with higher development rates at the higher water temperatures. Further studies will optimize culture conditions and cues for settlement and metamorphosis. 相似文献
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Jens Knauer 《Journal of the World Aquaculture Society》2011,42(6):880-887
This study assessed the nutritional value of four species of microalgae for larval sandfish, Holothuria scabra (Echinodermata: Holothuroidea). Two‐day‐old larvae were fed either a single diatom (Chaetoceros muelleri, Chaetoceros calcitrans), flagellate (Isochrysis aff. galbana (T‐ISO), Pavlova salina), or a ternary microalgal diet (TMD) comprised of 40% C. muelleri, 40% T‐ISO, and 20% P. salina for 12 d. On Days 4, 6, and 8 length of larvae fed either C. muelleri, C. calcitrans, or the TMD was significantly greater than in T‐ISO and P. salina fed larvae as well as the unfed control larvae. T‐ISO fed larvae had a significantly greater length compared to unfed larvae on Days 4, 6, and 8; however, larvae fed P. salina had a significantly greater length compared to unfed larvae on Days 6 and 8 only. Survival of larvae fed either C. muelleri or the TMD was significantly better than the flagellate fed and unfed larvae on Days 4, 8, and 12. There was no significant difference between survival of unfed larvae and larvae fed either T‐ISO or P. salina during the 12‐d larval culture period. On Day 12, larvae fed either a diatom or the TMD developed in excess of 84% competent doliolariae. Larvae fed C. muelleri had a significantly higher percentage competent doliolariae than larvae from all other treatments except the TMD. Neither larvae fed either T‐ISO or P. salina nor unfed larvae developed any competent doliolariae. In conclusion, this study showed C. muelleri to be the most effective of the four microalgae tested as a single microalgal diet for larval H. scabra and, as such, C. muelleri will be used as a reference diet in future studies. 相似文献