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1.
A group of 28 sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) local cultivars from the Jerte Valley in Western Spain were fingerprinted using microsatellites and their self-incompatibility alleles determined using S-RNase conserved primers. A total of 12 microsatellite primer pairs revealed 42 informative alleles that allowed the unequivocal identification of 26 genotypes. UPGMA cluster analysis of the similarity data produced a clear separation between the old traditional cultivars and the most recent introductions. The S-allele analysis showed a low number of different alleles in the older cultivars studied and revealed the presence of three new S-alleles not described previously. The combined information obtained from SSR fingerprinting and S-allele identification will be useful to optimize the conservation of the cherry genetic resources present in the area. Moreover, this approach can be applied to optimize the conservation of local genetic resources of other fruit tree species. 相似文献
2.
He Tian-Ming Chen Xue-Sen Xu Zheng Gao Jiang-Sheng Lin Pei-Jun Liu Wen Liang Qing Wu Yan 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2007,54(3):563-572
Genetic structure of three wild populations (Xinyuan, Gongliu and Daxigou) of apricot in the Ily Valley, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous
Region of China, was investigated with microsatellite (simple sequence repeat, SSR) markers. The higher polymorphism and greater
transportability of these markers between Prunus species proved SSR markers were much efficient for conducting genetic diversity studies in wild apricot. Nei's gene diversity
(He) and Shannon's index of diversity (I) were 0.287 and 0.458, respectively. This indicated that the wild apricot in the Ily Valley still maintained a relatively
high level of diversity. The Gst of 0.137 and Fst of 0.164 revealed that genetic variation mainly resided among individuals
within populations (83.6–86.3%). Population differentiation could also be found according to the distribution of SSR alleles
between the populations. Mantel test showed the genetic distance between populations was significantly correlated to the geographical
distance. The modest amount of gene flow (2.684) would reduce the disjunction between wild apricots. The long-distance dispersal
of pollen by insects was probably the main way of gene flow between populations. Based on the study of population genetic
structure, an effective conservation strategy of the species was discussed. 相似文献
3.
Bernardette Primieri Carelli Lee Tseng Sheng Gerald Felipe Gobbi Grazziotin Sergio Echeverrigaray 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2006,53(2):395-400
Random amplified polymorphic DNA markers (RAPD) were used to estimate the variability of 35 tomato accessions (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.). A total of 257 reproducibly scorable bands were obtained from 20 primers, 78.6% of which were polymorphic. The percentage
distribution of RAPD markers shows a bimodal distribution, and the frequency of rare alleles is similar in commercial and
landrace accessions. Genetic distances among accessions were calculated and a dendrogram showing the genetic relationships
among them was constructed allowing for the separation of four groups. Twenty out of 23 Brazilian landraces fell within one
group, whereas commercial cultivars were distributed in the four groups. AMOVA analysis of RAPD data showed that, despite
the high within Brazilian landraces and commercial cultivars variation, these two groups are significantly different, indicating
that landraces can be a source of variation for breeding programs. 相似文献
4.
W. J. Zhou G. Q. Zhang S. Tuvesson C. Dayteg B. Gertsson 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2006,53(3):443-447
Eleven Chinese and twelve Swedish rapeseed (Brassica napus) genotypes were analysed by PCR with 41 microsatellite primers, generating a total of 50 loci. For these 50 loci, the number
of alleles ranged from 1 to 14, and the average number of alleles per loci was 2.7. As an example of simple sequence repeat
(SSR) scoring in Metaphor agarose gel, a single marker could distinguish 14 different DNA profiles. Based on cluster analysis
(UPGMA), the dendrogram clearly distinguished three clusters, a cluster with exclusively Swedish genotypes, and two clusters
with Chinese genotypes. The genetic diversity within the Chinese genotypes was broad compared to the genetic diversity within
the Swedish material. The genetic similarity within the Swedish breeding lines ranged from 69.5 to 95.6%, while that of Chinese
genotypes ranged from 57.1 to 81.6%. The results in this report will permit to establish a set of microsatellite primers that
can be used for selecting appropriate parents for Brassica napus hybrids and for monitoring hybridity level. 相似文献
5.
Analysis of Genetic Relationships among Turkish Cultivars and Breeding Lines of Lens culinatis Mestile Using RAPD Markers 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Ertuğrul Yüzbaşıoğlu Sebahattin Özcan Leyla Açık 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2006,53(3):507-514
Randomly Amplified Polymorphic DNA markers were used to determine the genetic relationships among Turkish lentil cultivars
and breeding lines. Fourteen cultivars and thirteen breeding lines were evaluated to determine genetic variability using nine
random 10-mer primers (among 45 primers). Forty-one reproducible bands were obtained, 54% of which were polymorphic. Genetic
distances among cultivars and breeding lines were obtained from the simple matching coefficients (SM). The lowest genetic
distance was observed between the cultivars of Ali Dayi and Kafkas with 5.0%, while ‘Seyran-96’ and ‘Ozbek’ had the highest
genetic distance with 58.3%. An unweighted pair-group method with arithmetic averages (UPGMA) cluster analysis was performed
on the distance matrix using Phylip software. The dendrogram clearly showed two distinct groups. The first group is composed
of Akm 565 and Akm 563. The second group contains all the cultivars and remaining eleven breeding lines. 相似文献
6.
Xiao-Ping Jia Yun-Su Shi Yan-Cun Song Guo-Ying Wang Tian-Yu Wang Yu Li 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2007,54(2):233-236
The development of EST-SSR in foxtail millet (Setaria italica) for polymorphism and transferability study was reported here. From 1213 EST sequences, 30 SSRs were obtained and primers
were designed for 26 SSRs. Among them, four pairs of SSR primers amplified polymorphic products in 12 foxtail millet cultivars
and one accession of Setaria viridis, a wild relative of foxtail millet, with 10 alleles detected for the four loci and 2.5 alleles per locus. In addition, ten
SSR markers could be transferred to other nine Gramineae species. The putative functions of 11 ESTs containing polymorphic
and transferable SSRs were also identified. 相似文献
7.
Takanori Ohsako Takafumi Ohgushi Hino Motosugi Kouzou Oka 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2008,55(7):1047-1053
Genetic variability within and among eight landrace populations of tea (Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze) located in southern Kyoto, Japan, was surveyed with six microsatellite markers. The average number of alleles
per locus was 3.83 to 4.67 for landrace populations, whereas the corresponding value among modern cultivars and breeding lines
was 6.63. Expected heterozygosity values averaged over loci within landrace populations ranged from 0.498 to 0.723. A similar
level of variation, 0.682, was observed for cultivars and breeding lines. High fixation index values (0.177–0.417) for each
population are consistent with biparental inbreeding within the population. Genetic differentiation among local populations
was extremely low with F
ST = 0.062, although AMOVA revealed significant differentiation among landrace populations. We propose that these populations
share a common ancestral gene pool and that some degree of artificial selection within each population has been performed
by local farmers. Neighbor-joining analysis revealed that genetic relationships among populations reflect geographical location
of populations. This might result from more frequent genetic exchange by nearby farmers. 相似文献
8.
Łukasz Wolko Wojciech Antkowiak Elżbieta Lenartowicz Jan Bocianowski 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2010,57(6):801-806
The aim of this study was to identify the group of highly polymorphic microsatellite markers for the identification of six
pear cultivars (P. communis) and two individuals of wild pear (P. pyraster). From among 40 tested SSR markers, 19 were selected to profile genetic diversity in pear genotypes due to high polymorphisms.
These markers showed high heterozygosity levels (0.5–1) and, on average, 6.4 alleles per marker were found. The set of microsatellite
markers employed in this study demonstrated usefulness of microsatellite markers for the identification of pear genotypes.
The examined wild forms were represented in this study by only two individuals of P. pyraster. It can be assumed that these forms were distinctly different from the cultivated pear cultivars. 相似文献
9.
M. R. Naghavi M. J. Aghaei A. R. Taleei M. Omidi J. Mozafari M. E. Hassani 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2009,56(4):499-506
Simple sequence repeats (SSRs), highly dispersed nucleotide sequences in genomes, were used for germplasm analysis and estimation
of the genetic relationship of the D-genome among 52 accessions of T. aestivum (AABBDD), Ae. tauschii (DtDt), Ae. cylindrica (CCDcDc) and Ae. crassa (MMDcr1Dcr1), collected from 13 different sites in Iran. A set of 21 microsatellite primers, from various locations on the seven D-genome
chromosomes, revealed a high level of polymorphism. A total of 273 alleles were detected across all four species and the number
of alleles per each microsatellite marker varied from 3 to 27. The highest genetic diversity occurred in Ae. tauschii followed by Ae. crassa, and the genetic distance was the smallest between Ae. tauschii and Ae. cylindrica. Data obtained in this study supports the view that genetic variability in the D-genome of hexaploid wheat is less than in
Ae. tauschii. The highest number of unique alleles was observed within Ae. crassa accessions, indicating this species as a great potential source of novel genes for bread wheat improvement. Knowledge of
genetic diversity in Aegilops species provides different levels of information which is important in the management of germplasm resources. 相似文献
10.
Ganka Ganeva Victor Korzun Svetlana Landjeva Zaprjanka Popova Nikolai K. Christov 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2010,57(2):273-285
The genetic diversity in a Triticum durum Desf. collection, consisting of 102 Bulgarian landraces, nine Bulgarian and 25 introduced cultivars was studied using 14
highly polymorphic microsatellite markers. A total of 100 alleles were identified, with an average of 7.14 alleles per marker.
The gene diversity values (He) of the markers for the total samples ranged from 0.23 (WMS357 and WMS631) to 0.77 (WMS46),
with an average of 0.52. Within the landraces that were collected from 18 sites in Southern Bulgaria showed 2–11 alleles per
locus with an average of 6.07. The microsatellite analysis suggests that the genetic diversity among landraces is lower compared
to the diversity levels for durum wheat in countries close to the main centers of wheat domestication. Breeding activities
have caused significant reduction of the allelic polymorphism, elimination of rare alleles, and increase in the number of
common alleles and the frequency of dominating alleles. 相似文献
11.
Genetic diversity was investigated in 73 accessions of emmer wheat (Triticum dicoccon Schrank) from 11 geographical regions using a set of 29 simple-sequence repeat (SSR or microsatellite) markers, representing
at least two markers for each chromosome. The SSR primers amplified a total of 357 different alleles with an average of 12.31
alleles per locus. The number of fragments detected by each primer ranged between 6 (Xgwm1066) and 21 (Xgwm268). Null alleles were detected in nine of the 29 primers used. A high level of gene diversity index was observed. Across the
29 primers, gene diversity ranged from 0.60 (Xgwm46) to 0.94 (Xgwm655), with a mean of 0.82. There was a highly significant correlation (r=0.882; p<0.01) between gene diversity index and the number of loci, showing the number of loci per se is a strong indicator of diversity. Analysis of genetic diversity within and among eleven geographical regions revealed most
of the genetic diversity of the total sample resided within regions. The coefficient of gene differentiation (Gst = 0.27)
showed that the genetic variation within and among the 11 geographical regions was 73 and 27%, respectively. High value of
mean number of alleles per locus was found in Iran (4.86) followed by Morocco (4.10) and Armenia (4.03). On the contrary,
lower mean number of alleles per locus was detected in Yemen (2.83). The average gene diversity index across regions ranged
from 0.52 (Slovakia) to 0.67 (Morocco) with an average of 0.60. Multivariate techniques of principal component analysis and
clustering were employed to examine genetic relationship among the 73 emmer wheat accessions vis-à-vis geographical regions
of collections. The genetic distance coefficients for all possible 55 pairs of regional comparisons ranged from 0.63 (between
Iran and Armenia, Georgia and Azerbaijan, Georgia and Slovakia) to 0.97 (between Morocco and Yemen, Spain and Georgia, and
Turkey and Iran) with a mean of 0.82. From the PCA results, a two dimensional plot of PC1 versus PC2 was constructed. The
scatter plot of the first two principal components which explained altogether 27% of the total variation depicted the presence
of a clear pattern of geographical differentiation except in few cases like accessions from Caucasian region. Similar pattern
of genetic relationships among accessions was observed in cluster analysis. The study provided genetic information of emmer
wheat in relation to geographical regions of origin. The information could be utilized in crop improvement, germplasm conservation
programs, and in further investigation. 相似文献
12.
J. Y. Wang L. S. Zheng B. Z. Huang W. L. Liu Y. T. Wu 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2010,57(4):553-563
We report the sequence and variability parameters of 23 microsatellite primers obtained from a commercial cultivar Gongjiao
(Musa acuminata) using selectively amplified microsatellite (SAM) analysis. Polymorphisms were evaluated in a collection of 26 banana cultivars
and 11 related species/subspecies. The mean number of alleles amplified per primer was 4.55 (range, 2–9), with a total of
100 alleles identified. The mean PIC value was 0.48 (range, 0.10–0.74). In addition, 22 markers also showed robust cross-species/genera
amplification across 11 related species/subspecies, with the exception of ‘Xiangtuijiao’ (Ensete glaucum). Unweighted pair-grouping method with arithmetic averages (UPGMA) cluster analysis divided all the banana accessions into
three main groups. The results demonstrate the usefulness of microsatellites for identification, similarity studies, and germplasm
conservation in banana and related species. 相似文献
13.
S. Al Khanjari K. Hammer A. Buerkert M. S. Röder 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2007,54(6):1291-1300
Results of archaeological studies indicate a millennia-old cultivation history for wheat (Triticum spp.) in Oman. However, in spite of numerous collection surveys and efforts for phenotypic characterization of Omani wheat
landraces, no attempts have been made using molecular tools to characterize this germplasm. To fill this gap, 29 microsatellite
markers revealing 30 loci were used to study the genetic diversity of 38 tetraploid wheat landrace accessions comprising the
species T. dicoccon, T. durum and T. aethiopicum. A total of 219 alleles were detected whereby the number of alleles per locus ranged from 2 to 16 with an average number
of 7.1 alleles per locus. The highest number of alleles occurred in the B genome with on average 7.9 alleles per locus as
compared to the A genome with 6.5 alleles per locus. Heterogeneity was detected for all microsatellites except for GWM 312, GWM 601 and GWM 192B with an average heterogeneity over all primers and lines of 14.4%. Approximately 10% of the accessions contained rare alleles
with an average allele frequency <4%. Gene diversity across microsatellite loci ranged from 0.26 to 0.85. The pairwise comparison
of genetic similarity ranged from 0.03 to 0.91 with an average of 0.2. Cluster analysis revealed a clear separation of the
two species groups T. dicoccon versus T. durum and T. aethiopicum. Within the species clusters regional patterns of subclustering were observed. Overall, this study confirmed the existence
of a surprisingly high amount of genetic diversity in Omani wheat landraces as already concluded from previous morphological
analyses and showed that SSR markers can be used for landraces’ analysis and a more detailed diversity evaluation. 相似文献
14.
Reliable characterization of the variation among wild and cultivated yams in Nigeria is essential for improved management
and efficient utilization of yam genetic resources. RAPD and double stringency PCR (DS-PCR) analyses were used to investigate
genetic relationships and the extent of redundancy among 30 accessions of two cultivated, and 35 accessions of four wild yam
species collected from Nigeria. Twenty-five selected random decamer and two microsatellite primers were used individually
and in combination to generate DNA profiles for each accession of the six Dioscorea species. The number of amplified fragments varied from 7 to 18 fragments per primer/primer combination. Different levels
of intraspecific genetic diversity were found, with Dioscorea rotundata Poir. being the most variable. Based on identical profiles for the RAPD and DS-PCR primers, 12 duplication groups consisting
of a total number of 37 accessions were observed in the present study. An UPGMA analysis grouped the majority of plants according
to the species. Cultivated yams belonging to the D. cayenensis–rotundata species complex, which were classified into seven morphotypes/varietal groups, could be clearly separated into two major
groups corresponding to D. rotundata Poir. and D. cayenensis Lam. D. cayenensis cultivars exhibited a low level of intraspecific variation and were genetically close to the wild species Dioscorea burkilliana J. Miège. D. rotundata cultivars classified into six varietal groups showed a high degree of DNA polymorphism and were separated into two major
groups that appeared most closely related to Dioscorea praehensilis Benth. and Dioscorea liebrechtsiana de Wild. We propose, based on these results, that cultivars classified into D. cayenensis should be considered as a taxon separate from D. rotundata. The implications of intraspecific variability for the ex situ conservation of wild and cultivated yam germplasm in Nigeria are discussed. 相似文献
15.
Yong-Jin Park Anupam Dixit Kyung-Ho Ma Ju-Kyung Lee Myoung-Hee Lee Chan-Sik Chung Miyuki Nitta Kazutoshi Okuno Tae-San Kim Eun-Gi Cho V. Ramanatha Rao 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2008,55(4):523-535
The present study demonstrates utilization of 11 microsatellite markers to explore genetic diversity held in Perilla frutescens (L.) Britt. landrace accessions growing on farms in different parts of Korea and Japan and to assess their genetic relationships.
All microsatellite loci were polymorphic and produced a total of 96 alleles ranging from 4 to 20, with an average of 8.7 alleles
per locus. Of the 96 alleles found, a total of 15 unique landrace-specific alleles were observed at 9 different loci. The
locus GBPFM203 provided the highest number of alleles (20), of which five were unique and each specific to a particular landrace
accession. The occurrence of unique, accession-specific alleles presented molecular evidence for the generation of new alleles
within on-farm collection of Perilla. The mean values of observed (H
O) and expected heterozygosity (H
E) were 0.39 and 0.68, respectively, indicating a considerable amount of polymorphism within this collection. A genetic distance-based
phylogeny grouped the two Perilla varieties, var. frutescens and var. crispa (Thunb.) Decne into two distinct groups. Accessions belonging to var. frutescens could also be divided into two subgroups at a close genetic distance (GD = 0.432). The overall clustering pattern did not
strictly follow the grouping of accessions according to their geographic origins. These observations are indicative of extensive
germplasm exchange among farms from different geographical regions. The genetic similarity observed among the Perilla landraces may be useful for future Perilla crop variety identification, conservation, and improvement programs. 相似文献
16.
R. Shishido M. Kikuchi K. Nomura H. Ikehashi 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2006,53(1):179-186
As a part of an in situ survey of wild rice (Oryza rufipogon Griff.) in Myanmar (Burma), 16 strains of wild rice were collected, and analyzed for allelic diversity over 74 loci with
simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers to obtain a basic information for their conservation. Three each of indica and japonica cultivars were added for a comparison. In the six cultivars and 16 strains of wild rice, three to 15 alleles were detected
per locus with an average of 7.9. The wild rice revealed a large number of unique alleles throughout their chromosomes with
much wider ranges of variation than those detected in the six cultivars of O. sativa L.. The alleles found in the wild rice were classified into those specific to wild rice, common to wild rice and cultivars,
and those similar to indica or japonica cultivars. According to the classification, the genotype of each of the 16 strains of wild rice was schematically depicted.
The genetic variation among individual strains within a collection site was larger than the variation among the collection
sites. 相似文献
17.
Microsatellites and RAPD Markers to Study Genetic Relationships Among Cowpea Breeding Lines and Local Varieties in Senegal 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Genetic diversity in local cowpea varieties and breeding lines from Senegal were studied using random amplified polymorphic
DNA (RAPD) and microsatellite (SSR) techniques. Among the 61 RAPD primers used, twelve show polymorphism. Fifteen of the 30
microsatellite primer pairs were polymorphic, detecting one to nine alleles per locus. The RAPD and SSR data were analyzed
both separately and in combination to assess relationships among genetic lines. Although RAPD provided information on levels
of genetic diversity, microsatellite markers are most effective in determining the relationship among cowpea accessions and
varieties. The SSR results support the genetic diversification of cowpea in Senegal and underscore their potential in elucidating
patterns of germplasm diversity of cowpea in Senegal.
An erratum to this article is available at . 相似文献
18.
Santiago Pereira-Lorenzo Ana María Ramos-Cabrer María Belén Díaz-Hernández 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2007,54(2):405-420
A collection of 114 local cultivars of Malus × domestica Borkh. from the Northwest of Spain and a group of 26 non-native commercial cultivars, were studied in order to determine
the level of genetic differentiation between them, to know the population genetic structure of the three main production regions
in North Spain, and to detect possible duplications, misidentifications, and intrusions of foreign cultivars into the present
day Spanish apple gene pools. Ten primer pairs of microsatellite loci were selected from previous studies on apple. Allelic
frequencies were used to estimate the average expected heterozygosity (Hexp) and F-statistics. A Principal Component Analysis and a Cluster Analysis were conducted in order to determine the relationships
among cultivars. Considering all populations (Spanish and commercial cultivars) we found 119 alleles with the 10 microsatellites;
10 out of 119 were rare (with frequencies lower than 0.01). Spanish cultivars can be used as references for those alleles
for further studies since they are available in Germplasm banks. Triploid cultivars were quite frequent, 39 out of 140, with
the highest number occurring in Galicia (29 cultivars). North Spain presented a high variability for apple according to heterozygosity
levels. Microsatellites have provided useful information about the singularity of Spanish apple cultivars, revealed six groups
of synonymies and five introgressions of commercial cultivars. 相似文献
19.
Paula Martins-Lopes José Lima-Brito Sónia Gomes Julieta Meirinhos Luís Santos Henrique Guedes-Pinto 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2007,54(1):117-128
Thirty Portuguese and eight foreign olive (Olea europaea L.) cultivars were screened using Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and Inter-Simple Sequence Repeat (ISSR) markers.
Twenty RAPD primers amplified 301 reproducible bands of which 262 were polymorphic; and 17 ISSR primers amplified 204 bands
of which 180 were polymorphic. The percentage of polymorphic bands detected by ISSR and RAPD was similar (88 and 87%, respectively).
The genetic variability observed was similar in the Portuguese and foreign olive cultivars. Seven ISSR and 12 RAPD primers
were able to distinguish individually all 38 olive cultivars. Twenty specific molecular markers are now available to be converted
into Sequence Characterised Amplified Region (SCAR) markers. Relationships among Portuguese and foreign cultivars is discussed. 相似文献
20.
T. Pradeepkumar J.L. Karihaloo Sunil Archak Ambika Baldev 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2003,50(5):469-475
RAPD analysis was conducted in 22 cultivars of P. nigrum(black pepper) from South India and one accession each of P. longum and P. colubrinum. Twenty-four primers generated 372 RAPD markers of which 367 were polymorphic. Jaccard's similarity between pairs of accessions ranged between 0.11 and 0.66 with a mean of 0.38. Among P. nigrum cultivars, the similarity ranged between 0.20 and 0.66 and the mean was 0.42. The existence of wide genetic diversity as revealed in the present study is supported by earlier reports of extensive inter- and intrapopulation morphological variability in pepper cultivars from South India. UPGMA dendrogram and PCO plot revealed P. colubrinum to be most distant of the three species. Genetic proximity among P. nigrum cultivars could be related to their phenotypic similarities or geographical distribution. Greater divergence was observed among landraces than among advanced cultivars. Landraces grown in southern parts of coastal India and those grown in more northern parts were grouped in separate clusters of the dendrogram. 相似文献