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1.
白色霞水母各发育阶段的形态 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
对白色霞水母从受精卵到成体水母各发育期的形态进行了描述。受精卵发育成带纤毛的浮
浪幼虫，浮浪幼虫在定置前形成一种凸面的圆形浮浪幼体囊, 经脱囊狭窄柄部拉长进而变成一个细长颈瓶形状，萌发出4个触手成为早期螅状体；螅状体可产生足囊和通过产生匍匐茎形成囊胞进而发育成新的螅状体；横裂为典型的单碟型横裂；新释放的碟状幼体绝大多数为8个缘叶，8个感觉棍和8对钝圆的缘瓣，但畸形个体最多12个，最少6个缘叶，同时对海蜇与白色霞水母的碟状幼体形态进行了比较。成体水母伞径200～300 mm，大型个体超过500 mm。外伞表面光滑,近中央的伞顶上有许多密集的刺胞丛隆起, 8个缘叶，8个感觉棍,口腕非常发达，口腕上有大量刺细胞团。可根据感觉胃囊和触手囊是否连接、缘瓣水管的排列类型、外伞顶中央是否有刺细胞丛以及个体伞径和颜色对白色霞水母、发形霞水母、棕色霞水母和紫色霞水母进行鉴别。 相似文献
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为了探究长身高原鳅(Triplophysa tenuis)的早期生活史,2018年4月在察汗乌苏鱼类增殖站对长身高原鳅胚胎发育过程进行观察。随机挑取10~15粒受精卵,在XSP-24S生物显微镜下对胚胎发育情况进行连续观察并拍照,记录胚胎发育时序及各个时期的典型特征。结果显示,长身高原鳅成熟卵粒圆形、灰色透明、饱满有弹性、沉性,卵径(1.07±0.10)mm;遇水受精后,迅速出现黏性。水温(20±1)℃时,整个胚胎发育历时86 h 56 min,积温1826℃·h,依次经历胚盘期、卵裂期、囊胚期、原肠胚期、神经胚期、器官形成期和出膜7个连续发育阶段、34个时期。受精后10~15 min完成吸水,吸水后卵径为(1.50±0.09)mm;受精后1 h 22 min进入卵裂期;受精后7 h 40 min进入囊胚期;受精后11 h 17 min进入原肠胚期;受精后15 h 28 min进入神经胚期;受精后19 h 28 min进入器官形成期;受精后77 h 13 min进入出膜前期,受精后86 h 56 min完成出膜,长身高原鳅出膜仔鱼全长(4.81±0.17)mm。 相似文献
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2016年4月1日—4月19日,在水温12～14℃下采用催产、人工授精和室内孵化方式获得暂养的野生新疆裸重唇鱼Gymnodiptychus dybowskii受精卵和仔鱼,观察其胚胎发育和早期仔鱼的形态特征。结果显示:新疆裸重唇鱼成熟鱼卵为亮黄色或橙色,卵径(2.2±0.28)mm,受精约35min后卵周隙达到最大,卵径2.90～3.40mm,卵黄约占卵体积的3/5。整个发育过程可分为受精卵、卵裂期、囊胚期、原肠胚期、神经胚期和器官形成期6个阶段。在水温(16±2)℃下,胚胎发育积温为2 359h·℃,187h仔鱼上浮。研究结果表明,新疆裸重唇鱼的胚胎发育特征与新疆地区其他几种裂腹鱼类存在一定差异。 相似文献
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对施氏鲟Acipenser schrenckii♀×西伯利亚鲟A.baeri♂进行人工繁殖,观察杂交子代的胚胎发育过程。结果表明,在水温15~22℃时,杂交鲟胚胎发育历时141~151 h,所需总积温为2 608.5~2 793.5℃·h。施氏鲟成熟卵为多黄卵,卵裂呈特殊的辐射裂,受精后胚盘隆起不明显。根据对施氏鲟♀×西伯利亚鲟♂杂交子代胚胎发育外部形态及典型特征的观察,将胚胎发育分为受精卵、卵裂期、囊胚期、原肠胚期、大小卵黄栓塞期、神经胚期、眼囊形成期、心脏形成博动期和孵出期9个时期。 相似文献
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为了解台湾泥鳅的早期发育情况,对其进行人工催产,使用解剖镜观察并记录其早期发育的形态特征和发育过程。观察结果:台湾泥鳅的受精卵为半黏性卵,膜径约0.9 mm;胚胎发育包括受精期、卵裂期、囊胚期、原肠胚期、神经胚期、器官形成期和出膜期等7个阶段;在21℃水温条件下,受精卵约26 h孵化出仔鱼,初孵仔鱼长约2.1 mm。3日龄仔鱼开口,10~15日龄时鳍条逐渐形成,17日龄时出现鳞片进入稚鱼期。结果表明,台湾泥鳅的早期发育与大鳞副泥鳅较为相似,与泥鳅的早期发育略有不同。 相似文献
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利用显微数码摄像系统,活体观测、拍摄了狭鳕受精卵的早期胚胎发育过程,详细描述记录不同发育时相胚胎的形态特征、发育时间等。选取6个发育期(未受精、细胞分裂期、囊胚期、原肠胚期、胚体发育期、将孵化前期)的照片,利用Image J软件测量不同发育期的卵径,以探讨狭鳕早期胚胎发育过程中卵径的变化。此外,利用扫描电镜观察了4个胚胎发育期(未受精期、2细胞期、原口关闭期、孵化前期)受精孔及卵膜的形态结构。结果表明,狭鳕产浮性分离卵子,卵膜单层、透明光滑,卵黄均匀,无油球,卵径1.45~1.58 mm。在水温(6.3±1.24) ℃,盐度34时受精后约1 h胚胎形成,24 h后进入囊胚期,61 h后进入原肠胚期,134 h后进入器官形成早期,161 h后心脏开始跳动,319 h后开始孵化。在整个胚胎发育过程中,狭鳕卵子的直径呈现逐渐增大的趋势。亚显微观察显示,狭鳕受精孔为Ⅱ型,受精孔前庭平坦,但受精孔孔道较长。未受精时,受精孔开放,卵膜上多皱褶,卵膜壁孔不明显;2细胞期时,受精孔被卵周液分泌物阻塞,卵膜皱褶减少,卵膜壁孔明显;原口关闭期时,受精孔呈半开放状态,卵膜褶皱增多,卵膜壁孔不明显;即将孵化期时,受精孔完全塌陷,卵膜表面十分粗糙,卵膜壁孔明显。由此可见,狭鳕卵子卵径、受精孔和卵膜结构的动态变化都与整个胚胎发育过程紧密相关,其对提高卵子受精率、卵子在海底正常发育和散布,卵子发育过程中防止多精受精和细菌感染具有重要意义。 相似文献
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以河川沙塘鳢(Odontobutis potamophila)为母本、云斑尖塘鳢(Oxyeleotris marmorata)为父本进行科间人工远缘杂交,对杂交子代胚胎发育情况进行了观察和记录,描述了各个发育阶段的形态特征。结果显示:杂交子代的胚胎发育可分为受精、卵裂、囊胚、原肠胚、神经胚、体节、鳃、孵化期8个阶段。根据每个阶段的形态建成以及发育特点,分为31个主要时期,卵裂阶段从2细胞期至32细胞期和桑葚期;囊胚阶段有囊胚早期、囊胚晚期;原肠阶段有原肠早期、原肠中期、原肠晚期;神经胚阶段有神经胚早期、神经胚晚期;体节分化阶段从2体节期到41体节期;鳃阶段又可分为消化系统形成期、肝脏形成期、鳃裂期以及脾脏和口裂形成期;最后的孵化期分为出膜前期、出膜期。在温度为(20±2)℃的孵化条件下,杂交子代的受精卵经501 h孵出仔鱼。 相似文献
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通过对人工网箱养殖4年的斑鱾(Girella punctata Gray)亲鱼进行LHRH-A3激素催产,获得自然产卵的受精卵,于实验室中进行培育孵化,连续观察斑鱾胚胎发育的全过程。实验结果表明,斑鱾受精卵呈圆形,卵径0.882±0.041 mm、卵黄直径0.807±0.036 mm,具1个圆形油球,油球径为0.266±0.023 mm。在孵化水温23±0.5℃、盐度33.8条件下历时28 h 20 min完成整个胚胎发育过程,初孵仔鱼全长1.574±0.109mm。胚胎发育过程可划分为6个阶段,即受精卵、卵裂期、囊胚期、原肠胚期、神经胚期和器官形成期,包括27个发育时期。实验旨在了解斑鱾的胚胎发育规律,为开展斑鱾的人工繁殖提供基础资料。 相似文献
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Association between the interannual variation in the oceanic environment and catch rates of bigeye tuna (Thunnus obesus) in the Atlantic Ocean 
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下载免费PDF全文 The environmental processes associated with variability in the catch rates of bigeye tuna in the Atlantic Ocean are largely unexplored. This study used generalized additive models (GAMs) fitted to Taiwanese longline fishery data from 1990 to 2009 and investigated the association between environmental variables and catch rates to identify the processes influencing bigeye tuna distribution in the Atlantic Ocean. The present findings reveal that the year (temporal factor), latitude and longitude (spatial factors), and major regular longline target species of albacore catches are significant for the standardization of bigeye tuna catch rates in the Atlantic Ocean. The standardized catch rates and distribution of bigeye tuna were found to be related to environmental and climatic variation. The model selection processes showed that the selected GAMs explained 70% of the cumulative deviance in the entire Atlantic Ocean. Regarding environmental factors, the depth of the 20 degree isotherm (D20) substantially contributed to the explained deviance; other important factors were sea surface temperature (SST) and sea surface height deviation (SSHD). The potential fishing grounds were observed with SSTs of 22–28°C, a D20 shallower than 150 m and negative SSHDs in the Atlantic Ocean. The higher predicted catch rates were increased in the positive northern tropical Atlantic and negative North Atlantic Oscillation events with a higher SST and shallow D20, suggesting that climatic oscillations affect the population abundance and distribution of bigeye tuna. 相似文献
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Liping Li Rui Wang Wanwen Liang Xi Gan Ting Huang Yan Huang Jian Li Yunliang Shi Honglin Luo Ming Chen 《广西水产科技》2014,(1)
Previously, we reported 10 PEGE types of 85 tilapia Streptococcus agalactiae(GBS), which shifted from Streptococcus iniae in China, by using PEGE method. Presently, larger and more representative tilapia GBS were isolated, for the ?rst time in China, to characterize their serotypes and genetic diversities more precisely than had done before. 168 GBS strains were distributed in ?ve provinces of China, in which Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan were the major ones, holding36.9%(62/168), 37.5%(63/168) and 19.6%(33/168), respectively. Serotypes, Ia, Ib and III, were observed in these strains and the most predominant one was Ia(95.2%), which mainly distributed in Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan. Ia initially occurred in 2009, it shoot up to 32.1% in 2010,but decreased to 16.1% in 2011 before went up to 45.2% in 2012. Ib sporadically occurred during2007–2011, III onlyoccurred in 2012. 14 different PFGE types, including 4 new types(N, O,P and Q), were observed, in which B, D, F and G were the predominant types, holding 83.9%(141/168) of the total GBS strains. Ia corresponded to 11 PFGE types(A–H, N–P), in which type D predominated(51%). Ib represented 3 genotypes(I, J and Q) and III harbored only 2genotypes(N and F). Type N and Fsynchronously presented in Ia and III. In summary, the genetic diversity of tilapia GBS varied by serotypes and changed with geographical locations and years.Although Iastillpredominated, new rareserotypeIII alreadyoccurred in China. 相似文献
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In this experiment, a feeding trial was performed to determine the effects of fructooligosaccharide (FOS) on growth performance, digestive enzyme activity and immune response of Japanese sea bass, Lateolabrax japonicus juveniles (initial weight 38.3 ± 0.5 g), and the fish were examined following feeding with six levels of FOS (0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4 and 6 g/kg) for 28 days. Significant enhancement of weight gain (WG) and specific growth rate (SGR) was found in fish fed 1 g/kg FOS incorporated diets (p < .05), while the feed conversion ratio (FCR) in the 1, 2 g/kg FOS groups reduced significantly compared with the control (p < .05). Besides, the crude lipid in the 4, 6 g/kg FOS groups increased significantly compared with the control (p < .05). On the other hand, the erepsin and lipase activities significantly elevated in intestine of fish fed 2 g/kg FOS (p < .05) and the lysozyme activity in serum of fish fed 2 g/kg FOS were significantly higher than that in the control (p < .05). Moreover, the alkaline phosphatase activities in serum of fish fed 0.5, 1, 2 g/kg FOS were significantly higher than in control (p < .05). Regression analysis showed that the relationships between dietary FOS levels and either SGR, FCR, erepsin or lysozyme activities were best expressed by regression equations, and the optimal inclusion levels are 1.37, 1.80, 3.06, 3.11, 1.93 and 1.80 g/kg for SGR, FCR, erepsin, lipase, lysozyme and total superoxide dismutase activities, respectively. Overall, this study revealed that FOS incorporated diets could beneficial for L. japonicus culture in terms of increasing the growth, digestion and immune activities. Under the present experimental condition, the optimal supplementary level of FOS in the diet of L. japonicus is 1–3 g/kg. 相似文献
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Growth hormone (GH) and reproduction: a review 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
Florence Le Gac Odile Blaise Alex Fostier Pierre-Yves Le Bail Maurice Loir Brigitte Mourot Claudine Weil 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》1993,11(1-6):219-232
Interaction between growth and reproduction occurs in many vertebrates and is particularly obvious at certain stages of the life cycle in fish. Endocrine interactions between the gonadotropic axis and the somatotropic axis are described, the potential role of GH being emphasised. A comparative analysis of these phenomena in mammals, amphibians and fish, suggests a specific role of GH in the physiology of puberty, gametogenesis and fertility. It also shows the original contribution made by studies on the fish model in this field of investigations. 相似文献
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Two gonadotropins (GtH; Qa and Qb) were purified by gel filtration and ion exchange chromatography from the pituitaries of Indian walking catfish (Clarias batrachus). The presence of GtH during purification was assessed by in vitro oocyte maturation and in vivo steroidogenic activity, and their identities were determined by elution profiles, molecular weight, biological activities and yield. The molecular weights of Qa and Qb were 37 and 42 kDa, respectively, and composed of distinct subunits (Qa: 20 and 14 kDa and Qb: 26 and 18 kDa). Polyclonal antibodies raised against Qa immunostained Qa, Qb and pituitary GtH cells. A competitive Qa‐ELISA was developed whose sensitivity was 6.25 ng mL?1 (1.25 ng well?1) with intra‐ (3.5%) and inter‐ (12.4%) assay coefficients of variation. Displacement curves parallel to the standard were obtained with plasma and pituitary extracts of catfish, Qb and carp GtHII. The assay was validated by measuring the plasma Qa levels after LHRH treatment and in relation to ovarian growth in the female catfish during different reproductive phases. Based on the results, Qa and Qb corresponded to fish LH and FSH respectively. The findings will increase the knowledge of the mechanisms controlling fish reproduction and identification of sensitive phases in fish in captivity for hormonal manipulation. 相似文献
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Controlled infection of Poecilia reticulata Peters (guppy) with Tetrahymena by immersion and intraperitoneal injection 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 G Sharon M Pimenta‐Leibowitz M C L Vilchis N Isakov D Zilberg 《Journal of fish diseases》2015,38(1):67-74
Tetrahymena is a protozoan parasite, which infects guppy, Poecilia reticulata Peters, and causes substantial economical losses in commercial farms worldwide. Studies of guppy infected by Tetrahymena require standardized infection protocols. The LD50 for Tetrahymena infection of guppies by intraperitoneal (IP) injection was calibrated, and the level obtained was 946 parasites per fish. Guppy infection with Tetrahymena by immersion, imitating the natural route of infection via the integument, was studied under normal or stress conditions. Exposure to cold and netting (CNI) and to cold only (CI) followed by immersion exposure to 10 000 Tetrahymena per mL resulted in 22.5% and 19.2% mortality, respectively, as compared to 14.2% and 10% in groups that were netted only (NI) or non‐stressed (I). Histopathology revealed that immersion infection resulted in a systemic infection. Lysozyme levels, measured 3 weeks after infection, were significantly higher in the CNI group (288 μg per mg protein) compared with CI‐, NI‐ and I‐treated groups (94.5, 64 and 62.3 μg mg?1, respectively). There was no evident parasite immobilization activity in body homogenates, suggesting no development of acquired immunity. Re‐infection by IP injection revealed no increase in protection in any of the treatment groups, mortality range of 56.3–75%, higher than in the non‐exposed control (40.6% mortality). 相似文献
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Sandra García‐Garrido Ismael Hachero‐Cruzado Carlos Rosas Pedro Domingues 《Aquaculture Research》2013,44(11):1741-1751
Protein and amino acid composition of the mantle of juvenile O ctopus vulgaris (Cuvier, 1797) during fasting for 27 days were determined. Average protein content of octopus mantle was of 711.19 ± 46.80 g kg?1 DW, and it decreased with increasing fasting days. The non‐essential amino acids content was higher (486.18 ± 11.08 g kg?1 protein) than essential amino acids (425.82 ± 9.15 g kg?1 protein) at the start of the experiment (unstarved animals). The results suggest that the amino acid profile of the mantle where the most abundant amino acids are Arg, His, Lys, Gly, Leu and Pro could indicate a prolonged fasting condition (>20 days) or poor nutrition of O . vulgaris. This study supports the idea of using mantle for metabolic needs of starved O . vulgaris suggesting that the degradation pathway of amino acids to pyruvate and tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates was favoured contrary to the degradation pathway of ketogenic amino acids. Special considerations should be taken concerning Thr, Ile, Ser, Ala, Asx (Asp, Asn), Glx (Glu, Gln) (because of their fast intake) and Lys and His (due to their stable contents) during a prolonged period of fasting. 相似文献
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The endemic, anadromous cyprinidChalcalburnus tarichi is the only fish species known to occur in alkaline Lake Van (Eastern Anatolia, Turkey). EightC. tarichi were maintained individually in Lake Van water (17 – 19°C; pH 9.8; 153 mEq·I–1 total alkalinity; 22 total salinity) and tank water samples analyzed for 24 h in 2 to 4 h intervals. At zero time, < 1µM ammonia was present and urea was undetectable in the tank water; at 24 h, total ammonia and urea made up 114±32 and 35±25µM, respectively. Over the experimental period, ammonia-N and urea-N excretion averaged 1041±494 and 607±169moles·kg–1 fish·h–1, respectively. The extent of urea excretion was highly variable between specimens. Uric acid excretion was not detectable.Urea was present at high concentrations in all tissues and plasma (25 – 35moles·g–1·ml–1) of freshly caughtC. tarichi; total ammonia content of the tissues was by a factor of 1.9 (liver) to 3.0 (brain) lower. High arginase activity (2.4±0.2 U·min–1·g–1) was detected in the liver ofC. tarichi but ornithine carbamoylphosphate transferase, a key enzyme of the ornithine-urea-cycle, was absent. Ureagenesis is likely through degradation of arginine and/or uricolysis. High glutamine synthetase activity (11±0.6 U·min–1·g–1) and low ammonia content in brain suggest that, like other teleosts,C. tarichi has an efficient ammonia detoxification in the brain, but in no other tissue.Nitrogenous waste excretion at alkaline pH is discussed. The ability ofC. tarichi to excrete high levels of ammonia at extremely alkaline pH is unique among teleosts studied so far. The mechanism of ammonia excretion under Lake Van conditions remains to be elucidated. 相似文献
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There has been growing concern about the overuse of antibiotics in the ornamental fish industry and its possible effect on the increasing drug resistance in both commensal and pathogenic organisms in these fish. The aim of this study was to carry out an assessment of the diversity of bacteria, including pathogens, in ornamental fish species imported into North America and to assess their antibiotic resistance. Kidney samples were collected from 32 freshwater ornamental fish of various species, which arrived to an importing facility in Portland, Oregon from Colombia, Singapore and Florida. Sixty‐four unique bacterial colonies were isolated and identified by PCR using bacterial 16S primers and DNA sequencing. Multiple isolates were identified as bacteria with potential to cause disease in both fish and humans. The antibiotic resistance profile of each isolate was performed for nine different antibiotics. Among them, cefotaxime (16% resistance among isolates) was the antibiotic associated with more activity, while the least active was tetracycline (77% resistant). Knowing information about the diversity of bacteria in imported ornamental fish, as well as the resistance profiles for the bacteria will be useful in more effectively treating clinical infected fish, and also potential zoonoses in the future. 相似文献