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影响马铃薯淀粉提取率主要因素分析 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
王国扣 《农产品加工．学刊》2003,(3):20-21
在工业化马铃薯淀粉生产中，提高淀粉提取率是提高企业经济效益和竞争力的重要因素。因此，如何提高淀粉提取率，是相关企业和科研设计单位十分关注的问题。以下结合马铃薯淀粉工业化生产过程、生产方法和工艺参数，对影响马铃薯淀粉提取率的主要因素进行研究分析。１．马铃薯淀粉提取率马铃薯淀粉提取率表示加工一定量的马铃薯块茎所能提取的淀粉量占块茎所含淀粉总量的百分比。对于马铃薯商品淀粉：式中：q—淀粉提取率，％；w０—负载试验得全部商品淀粉质量，kg；e０—商品淀粉含水率，％；w—负载试验时间内加工原料量，kg；z—原料含… 相似文献
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新湖农场自然条件较适宜种植甘薯,种植的甘薯薯块外观品质佳、淀粉含量高、加工品质好,适宜加工淀粉、粉丝、粉条等产品。本文以高淀粉甘薯品种徐薯22号为试验材料,采用品种试验方法与统计分析,对其配套栽培技术进行研究。得出该品种最佳种植密度为3 808株/667 m^2,最佳氮肥施用量为12 kg/667 m^2,氮肥采用前少后多的施肥方式（4∶6）,钾肥最佳施用量为18 kg/667 m^2。 相似文献
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植物细胞中淀粉代谢与离体形态发生途径决定的关系 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
烟草愈伤组织在再生过程中淀粉的数量是继代过程中的８．２２倍，淀粉酶活性为４．４８倍；胡萝卜中则无显著变化，分别为０．９５和１．１３倍。再生过程中，烟草愈伤组织中淀粉粒的数量、淀粉酶的活性分别为胡萝卜的６．３７和６．１４倍；继代过程中二者无显著差异，分别为０．７４和１．５５倍。烟草细胞中的淀粉粒被Ｉ２－ＫＩ染成蓝色，于质体中单个存在，在细胞内分布不均匀，常绕细胞核聚集；有萝卜细胞中的淀粉粒被Ｉ２－ＫＩ染色紫色或红紫色，２～４个或更多个聚集子质体内，在细胞内基本均匀分布。对淀粉与植物细胞离体再生途径决定的关系进行了讨论。 相似文献
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甘薯和Ipomoea lacunosa的种间体细胞杂种植株再生及鉴定 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
用ＰＥＧ融合法融合甘薯品种高系１４号和近缘野生种Ｉｐｏｍｏｅａ ｌａｃｕｎｏｓａ的原生质体，将融合原生质体培养在含有０．０５ｍｇ／Ｌ２，４－Ｄ和０．５ｍｇ／Ｌ ＫＴ的ＭＳ培养基上，愈伤组织迅速增殖。将其中的７０个愈伤组织培养在添加３．０ｍｇ／Ｌ ＢＡＰ的ＭＳ培养基上，并进一步培养在ＭＳ基本培养基上，获得９株再生植株。过氧化物酶同工酶、酯酶同工酶和ＲＡＰＤ分析表明，其中２株再生植株（ＫＬ１和ＫＬ３） 相似文献
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秦海生 《农产品加工．学刊》2003,(11):34-34
目前农村中以甘薯、马铃薯为原料加工淀粉的小型成套设备使用广泛,尤以适合乡镇企业和加工专业户使用的生产能力为1t/h~2t/h的鲜原料加工机组居多。本文以小型薯类淀粉加工成套设备为例,就其使用与维护作一介绍。1.设备组成小型薯类淀粉加工成套设备主要由螺旋清洗机、刨碎分离机、磨浆分离机、渣浆分离组合筛、搅拌机等单机和连接软管及电动机组成,生产能力为1000kg/h,总装机容量为16.77kW,操作人员为3人~4人,设备质量为2t,占地面积为17.8m2,机体外形尺寸(长×宽×高)为6.49m×2.66m×2.87m。2.工艺流程原料浸泡→清洗→刨碎→分离→→多… 相似文献
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安徽省砂姜黑土地区甘薯钾肥适宜用量研究 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
《作物杂志》2014,(5)
商薯19淀粉含量高、食味优、产量高,具有适合食用及加工的双重性能,是当前安徽省砂姜黑土地区甘薯主栽品种。甘薯为喜钾作物,根据土壤钾素含量状况,经济合理施钾肥,是甘薯栽培高产高效的基础。通过田间小区试验研究了钾肥用量对甘薯产量、钾素吸收及钾肥利用效率的影响。结果表明,甘薯块根产量、植株钾素累积量随施钾量的增加先增加后降低。在本试验条件下,最高产量施钾量为266.98kg/hm2,最佳经济施钾量为161.75kg/hm2。甘薯钾素生理效率、钾素利用效率、钾肥农学利用率、钾肥效率和钾肥利用效率均随钾肥用量的增加而下降。施钾量为K2O 75kg/hm2时,甘薯钾肥利用效率最高。综合产量水平、经济效益、土壤钾素含量状况,在砂姜黑土区甘薯栽培上K2O用量为75150kg/hm2是较为适宜的。 相似文献
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商薯19淀粉含量高、食味优、产量高,具有适合食用及加工的双重性能,是当前安徽省砂姜黑土地区甘薯主栽品种。甘薯为喜钾作物,根据土壤钾素含量状况,经济合理施钾肥,是甘薯栽培高产高效的基础。通过田间小区试验研究了钾肥用量对甘薯产量、钾素吸收及钾肥利用效率的影响。结果表明,甘薯块根产量、植株钾素累积量随施钾量的增加先增加后降低。在本试验条件下,最高产量施钾量为266.98kg/hm2,最佳经济施钾量为161.75kg/hm2。甘薯钾素生理效率、钾素利用效率、钾肥农学利用率、钾肥效率和钾肥利用效率均随钾肥用量的增加而下降。施钾量为K2O75kg/hm2时,甘薯钾肥利用效率最高。综合产量水平、经济效益、土壤钾素含量状况,在砂姜黑土区甘薯栽培上K2O用量为75~150kg/hm2是较为适宜的。 相似文献
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南薯 027 系南充市农业科学院于 2015 年以优质品种浙薯 13 作母本通过集团杂交获得种子,2016-2021 年进行鉴定、比较,成功选育的一个食用型甘薯新品种,2022年6月通过国家甘薯品种登记。2019-2020年在四川省甘薯新品系联合试验中,鲜薯平均产量 27425.70kg/hm2,薯干平均产量 8830.65kg/hm2,淀粉平均产量 5929.05g/hm2;薯块干率 32.27%,淀粉率 21.69%,大中薯率 88.94%,薯形美观,薯块商品性好,黑斑病抗性和贮藏性优于对照品种,适于食用及食品加工用,适宜在四川薯区中等肥力以上田块种植。 相似文献
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Jens Jensen 《Euphytica》1979,28(1):47-56
Summary The high-lysine gene in Risø mutant 1508 conditions an increased lysine content in the endosperm via a changed protein composition, a decreased seed size, and several other characters of the seed. The designation lys3a, lys3b, and lys3c, is proposed for the allelic high-lysine genes in three Risø mutants, nos 1508, 18, and 19. Linkage studies with translocations locate the lys3 locus in the centromere region of chromosome 7. A linkage study involving the loci lys3 and ddt (resistance to DDT) together with the marker loci fs (fragile stem), s (short rachilla hairs), and r (smooth awn) show that the order of the five loci on chromosome 7 from the long to the short chromosome arm is r, s, fs, lys3, ddt. The distance from locus r to locus ddt is about 100 centimorgans. 相似文献
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Hongyan WEI Jian ZHOU Jinguang LU Jingzheng SONG Qiongxi YU Zhihong JIANG 《Medicinal Plant》2019,(6):27-29
[Objectives]This study aimed to establish a QAMS(quantitative analysis of multi-components by single-marker)method for simultaneous determination of four phenol... 相似文献
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Summary Apple and pear pollen was irradiated with doses of 0, 50, 100, 250 and 500 krad (gamma rays) and stored at 4°C and 0–10% r.h. From the in-vitro germination percentages an average LD 50 dose of about 220 krad was estimated. For both irradiated and untreated pollen a close and corresponding lineair relationship existed between germination percentage and pollen tube growth.Irradiated pollen was much more sensitive to dry storage conditions than untreated pollen, resulting in less germination and more bursting. Apparently, irradiation caused the pollen cell membrane to lose its flexibility faster than normal. Rehydration of dry-stored, irradiated pollen in water-saturated air restored germination percentages up to their initial levels. The importance of this procedure in germination trials is stressed. 相似文献
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Richard N. Lester 《Euphytica》1989,44(1-2):125-132
Summary An hypothesis is developed that the rapid change from wild plants into domesticated crops principally involves the selection of alleles with non-functional gene products which leads to reduced control of the highly integrated metabolism and morphogenesis previously accumulated by lengthy natural selection. Such disturbance of the genome produces altered physiological and morphological development which, although deleterious in nature, serves mankind better and has been selected. 相似文献
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B. Julier P. Guy C. Castillo-Acuna G. Caubel C. Ecalle M. Esquibet V. Furstoss C. Huyghe C. Lavaud A. Porcheron P. Pracros G. Raynal 《Euphytica》1996,91(2):241-250
Summary Twenty-five lucerne populations of the Medicago sativa complex, which were either diploid or tetraploid and wild or cultivated, were analysed for their resistance to four different fungal diseases and to stem nematode. Forage quality, including stem digestibility and saponin content, was also tested.Populations varied in susceptibility to the diseases caused by Colletotrichum trifolii, Verticillium albo-atrum, Sclerotinia trifoliorum and Pseudopezizza medicaginis, and to the nematode Ditylenchus dipsaci. Except for Sclerotinia rot, sativa and falcata subspecies differed in susceptibility, but this grouping of populations did not account for the full range of variation among them. However, the resistance to P. medicaginis was much lower in the sativa than in the falcata populations.Populations also varied significantly in stem fiber content and digestibility. Stem digestibility was negatively correlated to forage yield. Wild sativa and falcata populations had lower fiber content and higher digestibility than cultivated sativa populations. The medicagenic acid was the sapogenin responsible for the anti-nutritional effect of the lucerne measured by the yellow mealworm larvae Tenebrio molitor. The medicagenic acid content was lowest for the pure sativa populations, highest for the pure falcata populations, and intermediate for the French sativa varieties that have some traits originating from falcata germplasm. Some populations could be used in breeding programs to improve disease and nematode resistance, and forage quality. 相似文献
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In order to explore the pharmacological effects of active components of Gastrodiae Rhizoma on the central nervous system,through consulting related literatures,... 相似文献
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[Objectives]The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of Pb on rhizosphere soil enzyme activity and chemical constituents of Achyranthes bidentat... 相似文献
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不同P-Zn配比对小麦幼苗微量元素营养的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
采用了螯合-缓冲营养液培养方法对小麦进行了苗期培养试验,在3个P水平(0,0.6,3.0 mmol/L)和3个Zn水平(0,3,30 μmol/L)的完全组合下对小麦苗期生长及Zn、Fe、Cu、Mn营养进行了研究,旨在为小麦微肥施用提供理论依据.结果表明,P、Zn的正常供应促进了小麦生长,二者的缺乏与过量均会抑制小麦发育,且这种影响在冠部表现得更为明显.在小麦苗期,Zn与Cu的吸收存在明显的拮抗作用,但供Zn则促进了Zn和Cu的转运,而Mn转运则受到了抑制;过量供Zn时,大量Zn被转运到冠部,同时明显抑制了(Fe+Cu+Mn)的吸收总量;P的供应显著地抑制了Fe的吸收,但P的供应提高了Zn、Cu、Mn的转运率;P、Zn在对Zn与Fe、Cu、Mn间吸收竞争的影响中,Zn本身的影响要比P的影响更为明显,供Zn明显促进了小麦幼苗对Zn的吸收;在小麦幼苗冠部,Zn与Fe的竞争中,供P利于Zn的吸收,缺P则利于Fe的吸收;而Zn与Cu以及Zn与Mn间的竞争中,缺磷时利于Zn的吸收,供磷后则利于Cu和Mn的吸收.总之,小麦幼苗Zn、Fe、Cu、Mn营养中,P、Zn的不同配比会不同程度地改变Zn与Fe、Cu、Mn的协同或拮抗效应. 相似文献
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Summary
Glycine tabacina (Labill.) Benth. is a wild perennial species related to the cultivated soybean, G. max (L.) Merr. It is composed of diploid (2n=40) and tetraploid (2n=80) cytotypes. Currently, to differentiate the cytotypes, plants are grown out in the greenhouse and chromosome counts made on pollen mother cells. It is a laborious and time consuming process. The objective of this study was to determine whether electrophoretic techniques could be utilized to separate the cytotypes. Electrophoretic examination of seven isozyme systems from seed of 67 G. tabacina accessions revealed banding patterns that could be used to differentiate between diploid and tetraploid cytotypes in the species. Among the tetraploid accessions, the number of bands observed were always greater than the diploids. Some tetraploid banding patterns consisted of bands similar to the diploid tabacina and/or additional bands previously identified in other Glycine species. The patterns of isozyme multiplicity and variation in the tetraploid tabacinas suggests more than one mode of origin for the tetraploids. 相似文献
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Summary Some photosynthetic characters as-leaf anatomy, leaf photosynthetic rate and CO2 compensation pointdistinguishing C3 and C4 plants and physiological characters as leaf area ratio, nitrogen content, leaf stem ratio and total shoot-to-root and deep root-to-shoot ratios have been studied in rice × sorghum and rice × wheat hybrids. Rice × sorghum 1. has lower values of photosynthetic rate, leaf nitrogen, total root and deep root-to-shoot ratio and CO2 compensation point as of rice parent where as, rice × sorghym 2. is superior in all these characters. Both hybrids lack kranz anatomy. Though both rice × sorghum hybrids show characters of C3 rice plant but rice × sorghum 2. has improved drought tolerance and leaf characters in relation to yield. Rice × wheat hybrid have higher assimilatory area and higher total root-to-shoot ratio. Grains of rice × wheat hybrids are identical to rice grain. However, as grains of rice × wheat hybrid does not contain seed coat, it could be exploited as novel rice germplasm after improvement.Abbreviations T
CO2 compensation point
- T21
CO2 compensation point at 21% O2
- T2
CO2 compensation point at 2% O2
- dR/sR
deep Root-to-shoot Ratio
- LAR
Leaf Area Ratio
- CER
photosynthetic rate
- TR/SR
Total Root-to-Shoot Ratio 相似文献