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1.
Cutler SA Rasmussen MA Hensley MJ Wilhelms KW Griffith RW Scanes CG 《British poultry science》2005,46(6):708-716
1. Three experiments were performed to examine the effects of Lactobacilli and lactose on microbial fermentation and Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium colonisation in the crop of the young turkey. 2. The following carboxylic acids were detected in the crop ingesta: formic, acetic, butyric, lactic, valeric, caproic, oxalic, phenyl acetic, succinic and fumaric; propionic, isobutyric and isovaleric acids were not detectable. 3. At the beginning of the night, there were considerable quantities of ingesta in the crop of young turkeys. During the scotophase, there were progressive reductions in the contents and pH. Moreover, there were linear increases in the concentration of lactic, valeric and caproic acids (by approximately 7-fold over 8 h). Much smaller changes in crop pH were observed in the study where dietary treatments of Lactobacilli were not included. 4. Chronic addition of lactose or Lactobacilli to the diet exerted modest effects on the carboxylic acid concentration in the crop contents but did not consistently influence colonisation of the crop by Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium. 5. Young turkeys confine eating to the hours of illumination (photophase) with a peak in consumption prior to the subjective dusk. 相似文献
2.
不同乳酸菌添加剂对青贮黑麦草和青贮玉米发酵产物和有氧稳定性的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在青贮黑麦草(Lolium perenne)和青贮玉米(Zea mays)中添加鼠李糖乳杆菌和布氏乳杆菌,研究其对发酵产物与有氧稳定性的影响.青贮饲料贮藏时间为14,56和120 d.无添加青贮黑麦草发酵产物中乙醇含量较多,在14 d开封时,乙醇和2,3-丁二醇含量为乳酸和挥发性脂肪酸总和的7倍.添加鼠李糖乳杆菌与布氏乳杆菌可以抑制乙醇型发酵,使乳酸型与乙酸型发酵占主导.无添加青贮黑麦草与添加鼠李糖乳杆菌的黑麦草发生了有氧腐败,但是添加布氏乳杆菌的黑麦草保持了有氧稳定.在青贮玉米中,添加鼠李糖乳杆菌未影响发酵品质,但添加布氏乳杆菌增加了发酵产物中乙酸含量,降低了乳酸含量.添加布氏乳杆菌的青贮玉米从56 d开封开始保持了有氧稳定,其它组在120 d开封时保持了有氧稳定,所有组乙酸含量都增加. 相似文献
3.
1. The inclusion of formic and propionic acids in the form of Bio‐Add to the food of hens made no difference to die pH of the intestinal tract, but resulted in higher concentrations of these acids in the contents of die crop and gizzard.
2. Organic acids in the crop contents were bactericidal for Salmonella serotype Enteritidis PT4 in vitro, and also caused sub‐lethal damage because fewer cells were recovered on selective salmonella media (brilliant green phenol red agar) than on non‐selective media (nutrient agar).
3. Inclusion of Bio‐Add in the food at 12g/kg may reduce the number of lactic acid‐producing bacteria in the crop, and hence the amount of naturally produced organic acids. 相似文献
4.
不同添加剂对紫花苜蓿拉伸膜裹包青贮饲料品质的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为明确葡萄糖、红糖、果渣对紫花苜蓿拉伸膜裹包青贮饲料青贮品质的影响,探明最适合添加于紫花苜蓿裹包青贮的有机添加剂,按照紫花苜蓿原料重量的0.2%、0.4%、10%分别添加葡萄糖、果糖、果渣进行90 d青贮。结果表明:添加葡萄糖可保留紫花苜蓿中更多的干物质,有效提高青贮饲料中的乳酸含量,降低乙酸和丙酸含量;添加红糖不利于青贮饲料pH值的降低和乳酸积累,能产生较高的氨态氮、乙酸和丙酸含量;添加果渣虽然可以降低青贮饲料的pH值,但会造成显著的粗蛋白损失。综合分析认为,添加葡萄糖对提高紫花苜蓿拉伸膜裹包青贮饲料青贮品质效果较好。 相似文献
5.
不同紫云英基因型根系分泌物中有机酸成分分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
土壤有效磷含量低是影响作物生长的重要限制因素之一。作物根分泌有机酸活化难溶性磷对改善其磷素营养具有重要意义。以9个紫云英品种为研究对象,采用土培原位方法收集紫云英根系分泌物(有机酸),利用高效液相色谱(HPLC)测定分泌物中有机酸成分及含量。结果表明,紫云英根系分泌草酸、苹果酸、乳酸、乙酸、柠檬酸、琥珀酸等,品种之间差异明显,但个别品种有机酸变异系数较大。紫云英根系分泌的苹果酸、琥珀酸与生物量拟合相关系数差异达到极显著水平,呈极显著正相关。因此,所分泌的苹果酸和琥珀酸含量的高低可以一定程度上表征紫云英生物量高低。另外,紫云英根系分泌的有机酸总量与生物量呈显著正相关关系(P<0.05)。因此,有机酸分泌的高低,尤其是苹果酸、琥珀酸对紫云英植株生长及生物量影响显著。 相似文献
6.
试验以籽粒苋为材料,在青贮中分别添加乳酸菌制剂、葡萄糖和甲酸3种添加剂,研究不同的处理方式对籽粒苋青贮动态发酵品质以及营养成分的影响,以明确青贮添加剂对粒苋青贮的作用,为籽粒苋青贮饲料的合理利用提供研究途径。试验设5个处理组:对照组,不加任何添加剂;乳酸菌制剂组,按1kg乳酸菌制剂调制3~4t籽粒苋鲜草装罐;葡萄糖组,添加量为30g/kg;乳酸菌制剂和葡萄糖组,添加量与单独添加时一致;甲酸组,添加量为5g/kg。在发酵第1,3,9,30和57天分别开罐取样,检测样品中pH、乳酸、氨态氮、干物质、粗蛋白和中性洗涤纤维等指标。结果表明,在籽粒苋青贮同时加入乳酸菌制剂和葡萄糖可以快速发酵,产生大量乳酸,迅速降低青贮pH值,显著降低乙酸、中性洗涤纤维含量和氨态氮/总氮(P0.05),并能显著提高干物质和粗蛋白含量(P0.05);加入甲酸可以显著降低乙酸含量(P0.05),对干物质含量没有明显影响(P0.05)。综上所述,籽粒苋通过制作青贮饲料可以保存营养成分,与籽粒苋自然青贮相比,籽粒苋青贮时加入上述青贮添加剂均可不同程度的改善青贮品质,同时加入乳酸菌和葡萄糖对青贮改善效果最佳。 相似文献
7.
不同添加剂对夏河县紫花苜蓿青贮品质的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以含水量控制在65%～70%的紫花苜蓿（Medicago sativa L.）为青贮原料,通过添加麸皮、红糖、甲酸、乙酸、乳酸菌制剂等,探讨了夏河县紫花苜蓿青贮发酵品质及添加剂对其的影响。结果表明：经添加剂处理的紫花苜蓿,发酵品质均有不同程度的提升,具体表现为pH值及氨态氮含量降低、乳酸含量升高;综合青贮饲料发酵品质、营养价值指标及感官评定来看,添加甲酸、乙酸和芯来旺Ⅰ号对紫花苜蓿青贮饲料的发酵品质和营养价值有明显改善,在90 d的短期青贮中,是适宜夏河县紫花苜蓿青贮饲料生产的高效添加剂,而乙酸作为青贮添加剂在本次试验中效果最佳。 相似文献
8.
糖蜜添加对西兰花茎叶稻秸苜蓿混合青贮发酵品质的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
本试验目的是评价糖蜜添加对西兰花茎叶稻秸苜蓿混合青贮发酵品质的影响,试验设3个处理,即糖蜜添加为0(对照组),2.5%,5.0%,添加比例以鲜重为基础。在青贮后的第1,3,5,7,14和30天打开青贮罐,测定青贮饲料发酵品质。结果表明,对照组pH值在青贮发酵最初14 d缓慢下降,青贮第30天,对照组的pH值显著上升到4.96(P<0.05),糖蜜添加组pH值从第3天开始随青贮时间增加而显著降低(P<0.05),30 d后,pH值均低于4.0。在青贮的第14天,所有处理组乳酸含量均达到其最大值,分别为50.82,84.84,86.64 g/kg DM。所有处理组乙酸和挥发性脂肪酸含量均随着青贮时间的增加而逐渐增加。在青贮发酵过程中所有处理组丙酸和丁酸均未检出或少量检测到。与对照组相比,糖蜜添加显著(P<0.05)提高了乳酸/乙酸、乳酸含量,同时显著(P<0.05)降低了pH值、氨态氮/总氮和丁酸含量;但2.5%和5.0%糖蜜添加青贮在pH值、乳酸/乙酸、乳酸含量、氨态氮/总氮和丁酸含量上无显著差异。综上所述,添加2.5%糖蜜即可提高混合青贮发酵品质。 相似文献
9.
Porcine intestinal yeast species,Kazachstania slooffiae,a new potential protein source with favourable amino acid composition for animals 
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下载免费PDF全文 V. Urubschurov K. Büsing W.‐B. Souffrant N. Schauer A. Zeyner 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2018,102(2):e892-e901
There is little information about Kazachstania slooffiae which dominates among other yeasts in the pigs’ intestine. Therefore, the aims of this study were to characterise the yeast cell contents and to investigate which nitrogen sources, organic acids and alcohols may be utilised or produced by this species. The results showed that, K. slooffiae could use urea, ammonium sulphate, peptides and single amino acids and produce thereby ethanol and formic acid. However, this yeast did not metabolise amino acids, lactic, butyric, propionic and acetic acids as sole carbon source. Using a global metabolite profiling approach employing gas chromatography and high‐resolution liquid chromatography mass spectrometry, was found that the amount of peptides and dehydroascorbic acid considerably increased in the fermentation residues after yeast cultivation. It is noteworthy that the cells of K. slooffiae had higher contents of nitrogen and total amino acids (especially lysine) than the cells of nutritional yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae). This study indicates that due to potential production of peptides and formic acid in the intestinal tract, K. slooffiae might have an impact on the gut health. Moreover, from a nutritional standpoint, the cells of this yeast can be a good source of protein with useful amino acid composition for animal. 相似文献
10.
A. Gefrom E. M. Ott S. Hoedtke A. Zeyner 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2013,97(6):1152-1160
Ensiling legume grain may be an inexpensive and ecologically interesting method to produce a high‐protein feed of local origin. The typically patchy maturation recommends harvesting and ensiling the seeds in moist condition. Developing a method for preserving legume grains harvested before maturation by lactic acid fermentation would have several advantages. Under laboratory conditions, crushed legume seeds of beans, peas and lupines with high moisture content of 35 % were ensiled with different additives (molasses and lactic acid bacteria). To characterize the final silages, contents of proximate nutrients and antinutritional factors (alkaloids, oligosaccharides, tannins) were analysed. The addition of lactic acid bacteria ensured a fast and pronounced lactic acid production and decreased contents of undesired fermentation products like ethanol. An additional use of molasses for ensilage did not provide a remarkable additional benefit. Excluding sugar and starch, the contents of proximate nutrients were not remarkably altered after ensiling. As an overall effect, lactic acid fermentation reduced tannins and oligosaccharides. It can be supposed that the oligosaccharides after breakdown of the complex molecules acted as a source of fermentable carbohydrates. A relevant reduction of alkaloids did not occur. The lactic acid fermentation of legume grains can be recommended as an appropriate method for conservation. With respect to the economic advantages and compared with methods of chemical preservation, the lactic acid fermentation of legume grains under anaerobic conditions is an environmentally compliant procedure and therefore also an option for organic farming. 相似文献
11.
Identification of bacteria in total mixed ration silage produced with and without crop silage as an ingredient 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 As a forage source for total mixed ration (TMR) silage production, locally produced crop silage is now used in addition to imported hay. This type of TMR ensiling is regarded as a two‐step fermentation process; hence, a survey was carried out to determine whether the bacteria in crop silage affect the subsequent TMR ensiling. Fermentation product contents and bacterial community were determined for TMR silage and its ingredient silages collected in August, October and November. August product contained corn, sorghum and Italian ryegrass silages, October product had wheat silage exclusively and November product did not include any crop silages. Acetic acid, lactic acid, 2,3‐butanediol and ethanol were predominant fermentation products in corn, sorghum, Italian ryegrass and wheat silages, respectively. Robust lactic acid fermentation was seen in TMR silage, even if acetate‐type and alcohol‐type silages were mixed as ingredients. The finding that bacterial community of the TMR silage appeared unrelated to those of ingredient silage supported this. Silages of various fermentation types can therefore be formulated without interfering with lactate‐type fermentation in TMR silage. 相似文献
12.
以锡林郭勒盟典型草原牧草为青贮原料,设计不同含水量、不同菌剂添加量、不同密度3种处理方式,通过比较不同处理间有机酸的组成成分含量以及对有机酸的影响,为研究青贮饲料发酵特性和评价其品质提供理论依据。结果表明:天然牧草青贮后乳酸的含量在天然牧草含水量为65%~70%时达到最大值46.74 mmol/g,乙酸和丙酸的含量随天然牧草含水量的增加而增加,丁酸的含量则相反;天然牧草青贮后乳酸、乙酸和丙酸的含量在菌剂添加量为0.50 g/kg时达到最大值,乳酸的含量为63.74 mmol/g,乙酸为30.08 mmol/g、丙酸为36.54 mmol/g,而丁酸的含量则降低到0 mmol/g;天然牧草青贮的密度达到300 kg/m3时,天然牧草青贮料中的有机酸组成最佳。 相似文献
13.
含水量及添加剂对高冰草青贮饲料品质的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本试验旨在研究含水量以及添加蔗糖、甲酸对高冰草青贮饲料品质的影响,探究优质高冰草青贮饲料的调制方式。试验选用结实期间的高冰草为原料,原料含水量分为鲜贮与晾晒2个处理,添加剂设置对照、添加甲酸、添加蔗糖3个处理。不使用任何添加剂为对照,甲酸添加量为6 mL/kg,蔗糖添加量为2%,袋装青贮360 d。结果表明,高冰草青贮时,原料进行晾晒,青贮饲料的pH显著增加(P<0.05)。晾晒处理减少乳酸(P<0.05)和氨态氮(P<0.01)的生成,增加乙酸的生成(P<0.05)。添加甲酸能够极显著降低高冰草青贮饲料的pH(P<0.01),提高乳酸的生成量(P<0.01),减少乙酸的生成(P<0.05)。添加蔗糖能够显著降低高冰草青贮饲料的pH(P<0.05)和乙酸的含量(P<0.01),提高乳酸生成(P<0.01)。添加甲酸或蔗糖都能够极显著降低高冰草青贮饲料的氨态氮含量(P<0.01)。晾晒、添加甲酸或蔗糖对高冰草青贮饲料的CP、NDF、ADF、Ash、EE等养分含量和干物质保存率没有显著的影响,并且对硝酸盐和亚硝酸盐含量也没有显著影响。与原料相比,硝酸盐含量下降48%～53%,亚硝酸盐含量有所增加。 相似文献
14.
以新疆石河子市第八师147团紫花苜蓿为研究材料,探究不同刈割茬次及生育期苜蓿青贮营养品质和发酵品质间的差异。选择3个刈割茬次,现蕾期、初花期和盛花期3个生育期处理;分别于青贮发酵第3、9、15、30、45、60天取样测定其青贮品质。结果表明:苜蓿青贮过程中,刈割茬次与生育期的交互作用对干物质、中性洗涤纤维、粗蛋白、乳酸和乙酸含量产生极显著影响(P<0.01),苜蓿青贮在发酵过程中会降低营养物质的含量,发酵60 d时,第3茬盛花期苜蓿青贮的DM含量最高,达到39.03%,第3茬现蕾期苜蓿青贮的酸性洗涤纤维和中性洗涤纤维含量最低,第1茬现蕾期CP、WSC含量最高,分别是20.21%和4.39%,第2茬现蕾期的乳酸和乙酸含量相对其他处理较高,第1茬现蕾期氨态氮含量最低。各处理综合评价排序:第1茬现蕾期处理>第3茬现蕾期处理>第1茬初花期处理>第2茬现蕾期处理>第3茬初花期处理>第1茬盛花期处理>第3茬盛花期处理>第2茬初花期处理>第2茬盛花期处理。刈割越早,苜蓿越幼嫩,营养品质高,适口性好,并有利于植株再生,苜蓿青贮的营养品质和发酵品质也较晚刈割的其他处理好。因此,控制苜蓿刈割时间可改善苜蓿青贮营养、发酵品质,提高苜蓿利用率。 相似文献
15.
In 3-year-experiments green forage from Dactylis glomerata and Festuca species, produced by differentiated cutting frequencies, was ensiled under laboratory conditions. The forage was almost without nitrate. Because of the higher content of water-soluble carbohydrates the fermentability coefficients of Festuca species were above of Dactylis glomerata. The fermentability coefficients of both plant species were inferior in the second and third cut, even if the first cut was delayed until July. Despite of similar fermentability coefficients of the two plant species silages contained different amounts of lactic and butyric acid. The portion of lactic acid amounted to 52 to 57% and 60 to 73% of total acids, the proportion of butyric acid 30 to 35% and 18 to 25% for Dactylis glomerata and Festuca species, respectively. According to the high fermentability coefficients silages free of butyric acid would be expected, however, by both species butyric acid always was formed, in some cases at high concentrations. In the contrary the amounts of ammonia, acetic acid and alcohol as well as the pH-value were almost extremely low. It can be concluded that the quality of silages produced of green forages with low nitrate cannot be assessed adequately by the current evaluation key. 相似文献
16.
有机酸对柱花草青贮品质和营养成分的影响 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
本试验旨在研究有机酸对柱花草青贮品质及营养成分的影响,以提高柱花草的青贮品质。以热研2号柱花草为原料进行青贮试验,分为4组,分别进行常规青贮(对照)和添加0.2%甲酸、乙酸和丙酸的青贮,每组3个重复。青贮30 d后,测定柱花草青贮饲料p H,乳酸、乙酸、丙酸、丁酸及主要营养成分含量。结果表明:柱花草直接青贮品质较差,添加有机酸显著降低青贮饲料的p H和丁酸含量(P0.05),提高粗蛋白质含量,乙酸组显著高于对照组(P0.05),降低中性洗涤纤维含量,甲酸组、乙酸组显著低于对照组(P0.05),同时,提高饲料相对值,甲酸组、乙酸组显著高于对照组(P0.05)。综合得出,添加有机酸能明显改善柱花草青贮品质和提高营养价值,添加0.2%乙酸青贮效果最好。 相似文献
17.
添加酶制剂对象草青贮发酵品质的影响 总被引：6，自引：4，他引：2
为评价添加不同比例Cornzyme酶制剂对象草(Pennisetum purpureum Schum.)青贮发酵品质及碳水化合物含量的影响,试验设对照组(CK)和4个不同添加比例的酶处理组(E1,E2,E3,E4),添加比例分别为E1:0.5mL·kg-1鲜草,E2:1.0mL·kg-1鲜草,E3:1.5mL·kg-1鲜草,E4:2.0mL·kg-1鲜草。结果表明:本试验全部处理均有良好的发酵品质,较低的pH值(4.28-3.76)、NH3-N/TN及微量的丙酸、丁酸,较高的乳酸/乙酸比、乳酸含量(45.00-95.41g kg-1DM)。酶添加显著提高了乳酸/乙酸(P<0.05),乳酸和水溶性碳水化合物含量,同时明显降低了pH、乙酸和总挥发性脂肪酸含量,中性洗涤纤维和酸性洗涤纤维也有一定下降趋势。随着酶添加量的增加会进一步提高发酵品质和水溶性碳水化合物含量(P<0.05),降低中性洗涤纤维和酸性洗涤纤维的含量。 相似文献
18.
高效液相色谱法测定青贮饲料桑中的乳酸、乙酸和丙酸含量条件探讨 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文应用高效液相色谱法（HPLC）对青贮饲料桑中的乳酸、乙酸和丙酸含量测定进行了研究。通过对色谱柱、流动相、流速及样品处理条件进行优化，建立了一种应用HPLC法同时测定青贮饲料桑中乳酸、乙酸和丙酸含量的方法。研究结果表明：乳酸、乙酸和丙酸在一定浓度下具有良好的线性关系，且相关系数R2均大于0.999，加标回收率为98.35% ~ 104.24%，标准品中回收率和精密度试验相对标准偏差（RSD）为0.01%~0.58%，表明该方法准确性较好。3种物质检出限为4.928 ~ 9.489 mg/L，适用于青贮饲料桑中有机酸的定量检测。
[关键词] 高效液相色谱（HPLC）|青贮饲料桑|乳酸|乙酸|丙酸 相似文献
19.
To gain further insights into temperate and tropical grass ensiling, fermentation products and bacterial communities were examined at both the initial and late stages of ensiling of wilted Italian ryegrass and wilted guinea grass silages. 2,3‐Butanediol and ethanol fermentation were observed in wilted Italian ryegrass silage. Enterobacteria such as Rahnella sp. and Enterobacter sp. may have been involved in fermentation; however, alcohol production was intensified after the silage enterobacterial community overwhelmed the pre‐ensiled enterobacterial community. Pediococcus spp. appeared in silage stored for 4 months, when a significant increase in lactic acid content was seen compared with that at 2 months. Prolonged storage enhanced acetic acid fermentation in wilted guinea grass silage. The disappearance of Enterococcus sulfureus and appearance of Lactobacillus plantarum may have been associated with the increased acetic acid content. Although many species of enterobacteria were found in common between the pre‐ensiled crop and silages of Italian ryegrass and guinea grass, marked differences were seen in the type of fermentation from the initial stages. These results indicate that the bacterial community of pre‐ensiled crops may be immediately replaced by one that is adapted to ensiling environments, although metabolic changes may continue over the course of ensiling. 相似文献
20.
Jozefiak D Sip A Rawski M Rutkowski A Kaczmarek S Hojberg O Jensen BB Engberg RM 《British poultry science》2011,52(4):492-499
1. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of dietary administration of a divercin AS7 liquid preparation on broiler chicken performance, nutrient digestibility, counts of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and coliform bacteria, as well as on the microbial activity in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) as expressed by digesta pH and concentrations of short-chain fatty acids and lactic acid. 2. A total of 450 1-d-old male Ross 308 chickens were randomly distributed to three dietary treatments, with 15 pens per treatment and 10 birds per pen. The dietary treatments consisted of a positive control (PC) supplemented with 60 mg/kg salinomycin, a negative control (NC) without any additives, and the divercin (DIV) supplemented diet containing 0 x 2 mL/kg of the liquid divercin AS7 preparation. 3. The dietary divercin AS7 supplementation significantly increased body weight gain at 35 d compared to the NC group. Moreover, the pH of crop contents was higher and that of caecal contents lower in birds fed on the divercin supplemented diets. 4. Significantly lower counts of LAB were observed in the crops and caeca of the birds treated with divercin. Further, the divercin supplementation decreased lactic and succinic acid concentrations in the crop and ileum. 5. The present study demonstrates that the use of divercin supplemented diets can influence composition and activity of the microbiota in the broiler chicken GIT even in the lower parts that should otherwise not be targeted due to the peptide structure of the bacteriocin. 相似文献