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1.
ABSTRACT

There is a growing concern about excessive use of nitrogen (N) and water in agricultural system with unscientific management in Indian and developing countries of the world. Field experiments were conducted on the lateritic sandy loam soils of Kharagpur, West Bengal, India, during spring–summer (February-June) seasons for three years (2015–2017) to evaluate okra crop response under subsurface drip and conventional furrow irrigation with varying amount of nitrogen treatments. Irrigation treatments had three levels of soil water depletion from field capacity (i.e., 20%, 35%, and 50%) under subsurface drip system. There was no soil water depletion under conventional furrow irrigation system. There were four levels of nitrogen fertilizer treatments (i.e., 0, 80, 100, and 120 kg ha?1). This was supplied using urea as a nitrogenous fertilizer. The yield response of okra crop under subsurface drip was found to be 56.4% higher than that of the furrow irrigation treatment. Best yield response and maximum water use efficiency and nitrogen use efficiency were recorded under 20% soil water depletion with 100 kg ha?1 of nitrogen fertigation. Among the various soil moisture depletions, subsurface drip at 20% soil water depletion treatment responded least quantity of water lost through deep drainage and nitrogen loss beyond the root zone as compared to other irrigation treatments. The water loss through subsurface drainage was observed as 33.11 mm lesser under subsurface drip as compared to that of the furrow irrigation, and this may due to low-volume and frequent irrigation water application with subsurface drip. Hence, irrigation through subsurface drip should be used for improving water and nitrogen fertilizer use efficiency of okra crop cultivation.  相似文献   

2.
Drip irrigation lines installed at 5 cm (shallow) or 15 cm (deep) below the soil surface and furrow irrigation were compared for vegetables grown on calcareous desert soils. Urea phosphate (UP) fertilizer (17–44–0) was injected twice in the drip irrigation lines during the growing season. Yields were compared to preplant fertilized and unfertilized furrows. Fall cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata L.) gave comparable yields under the different irrigation treatments with the drip treatments using half the water used by the furrow treatment. Cabbage yield increased in all fertilized treatments as compared to the unfertilized furrow. Petiole P and NO3‐N concentrations were higher from the drip than from the furrow treatments. Zucchini squash (Cucurbita pepo L.) had the highest yields under deep drip and fertilized furrow treatments, with the deep drip using half the water and P rate used by the furrow treatment. The deep drip increased squash yield by 34% over the shallow drip. The unfertilized furrow gave the lowest yield. Leaf tissue concentrations of P and NO3‐N were comparable under deep drip and fertilized furrow treatments and were higher than the concentrations achieved from shallow drip and unfertilized furrow treatments.  相似文献   

3.
Efficient crop use of nitrogen (N) fertilizer is critical from economic and environmental viewpoints, especially under irrigated conditions. Cotton yield parameters, fiber quality, water‐ and N‐use efficiency responses to N, and irrigation methods in northern Syria were evaluated. Field trials were conducted for two growing seasons on a Chromoxerertic Rhodoxeralf. Treatments consisted of drip fertigation, furrow irrigation, and five different rates of N fertilizer (50, 100, 150, 200, and 250 kg N /ha). Cotton was irrigated when soil moisture in the specified active root depth was 80% of the field capacity as indicated by the neutron probe.

Seed cotton yield was higher than the national average (3,928 kg/ha) by at least 12% as compared to all treatments. Lint properties were not negatively affected by the irrigation method or N rates. Water savings under drip fertigation ranged between 25 and 50% of irrigation water relative to furrow irrigation. Crop water‐use efficiencies of the drip‐fertigated treatments were in most cases 100% higher than those of the corresponding furrow‐irrigated treatments. The highest water demand was during the fruit‐setting growth stage. It was also concluded that under drip fertigation, 100–150 N kg/ha was adequate and comparable with the highest N rates tested under furrow irrigation regarding lint yield, N uptake, and recovery. Based on cotton seed yield and weight of stems, the overall amount of N removed from the field for the drip‐fertigated treatments ranged between 101 and 118kg and 116 and 188 N/ha for 2001 and 2002, respectively. The N removal ranged between 94 and 113 and 111 and 144 kg N/ha for the furrow‐irrigated treatments for 2001 and 2002, respectively.  相似文献   

4.
微润灌对作物产量及水分利用效率的影响   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  
为探明微润灌对作物生长及产量的影响,以夏玉米和冬小麦为研究对象,采用完全随机试验设计,对比研究微润灌不同毛管间距布置(20 cm、40 cm、60 cm)、地下滴灌和无灌溉对大田作物产量、水分利用效率和土壤电导率的影响。结果表明:与地下滴灌相比,微润灌用水量约为地下滴灌的1/4~4/5;由于灌水差异较大,作物产量有所降低,夏玉米产量显著下降(P0.05),冬小麦产量下降,但未达显著水平(P0.05);两作物水分利用效率有所提高,但差异不显著(P0.05);灌溉水分利用效率均显著提高(P0.05)。随微润管布置间距的减小,作物产量呈增加趋势,作物水分利用效率与灌溉水分利用效率均呈减小趋势。综合考虑分析,在较为缺水的塿土区微润管最佳布置间距60 cm,此时可不显著降低产量同时提高水分利用效率。此外,微润灌布置间距对土壤电导率的影响较小。采用微润灌与地下滴灌处理时,随土层深增加,作物各生育期土壤电导率无显著差异(P0.05)且变化趋势基本一致,表明微润灌与地下滴灌对土壤的影响具有一致性。微润灌下作物产量与灌浆成熟期10~20 cm土层土壤电导率和10~80 cm土层土壤平均电导率之间相关性显著。因此,采用灌浆成熟期10~20 cm土层土壤电导率或10~80 cm土层土壤平均电导率预估微润灌下的作物产量具有可行性。上述研究可为微润灌技术推广应用提供依据。  相似文献   

5.
Abstract

Efficient crop use of nitrogen (N) fertilizer is critical from economic and environmental viewpoints, especially under irrigated conditions. Nitrogen fertilizer (15N‐labeled urea) and irrigation methods (drip and furrow) were evaluated on spring and fall potato cultivars under Syrian Mediterranean climatic conditions. Field experiments were conducted in the El‐Ghab Valley near Hama in fall 2000 and spring 2001 on a heavy clay soil. Four N‐fertilizer applications (70, 140, 210, and 280 kg N/ha) were applied in five equally split treatments for both irrigation methods. Potato was irrigated when soil moisture in the specified active root depth reached 80% of the field capacity as indicated by the neutron probe.

Higher marketable tuber yield of spring potato was obtained by fertigation compared to furrow irrigation; the magnitude of tuber yield increases was 4, 2, 31, and 13%, whereas for fall potato the tuber yield increases were 13, 27, 20, and 35% for N fertilizer rates of 70, 140, 210, and 280 kg N/ha, respectively. Shoot dry matter and tuber yields at the bulking stage were not good parameters to estimate marketable tuber yield. The effect of N treatments on potato yield with furrow irrigation and fertigation was limited and not significant. Drip fertigation improved tuber yield of fall potato relative to national average yield. Nitrogen uptake increased with increasing N input under both irrigation methods. Reducing N input under both irrigation methods improved N recoveries. Increasing N input significantly increased total N content in plant tissues at the bulking stage. Spring potato yields were almost double those of fall potato under both irrigation methods and all N treatments.

Nitrate (NO3) movement in the soil solution for fall potato was monitored using soil solution extractors. Furrow irrigation resulted in greater movements of NO3‐N below the rooting zone than drip fertigation.

Harvest index did not follow a clear trend but tended to decrease upon increasing N fertilization rates beyond 140 kg N/ha under both irrigation methods. Drip fertigation improved field water‐use efficiencies at the bulking and harvest stages. Fertigation increased specific gravity of potato tubers relative to furrow irrigation. Higher N input decreased specific gravity of potato tubers under both irrigation methods.  相似文献   

6.
耕深对土壤物理性质及小麦-玉米产量的影响   总被引：14，自引：4，他引：10  
为了解不同犁底层破除程度对黄淮海平原农田土壤蓄水保墒、穿透阻力动态变化及作物产量的影响,在山东德州试验基地以冬小麦-夏玉米轮作农田为研究对象,设置4个犁底层厚度处理,分别为犁底层不破除(RT15)、犁底层破除1/3(DL20)、犁底层破除2/3(DL25)和犁底层完全破除(DL40)。结果表明:1)完全或者部分破除犁底层均能够显著降低10~30 cm土层容重和穿透阻力,各处理降低幅度具体表现为DL40DL25DL20RT15。2)DL20、DL25和DL40处理有利于增加降水或灌溉后水分入渗,冬小麦苗期20~70 cm土壤平均含水率分别较RT15处理提高5.3%、15.9%和23.6%,且冬小麦季耗水量分别较RT15处理提高4.9%、10.2%和11.6%;DL20、DL25和DL40处理夏玉米苗期20~70 cm土壤平均含水率分别较RT15处理提高7.7%、14.2%和15.8%,但夏玉米季耗水量分别较RT15处理降低5.8%、7.6%和10.5%。3)冬小麦季0~15和15~30 cm土层穿透阻力均表现为双峰型,且2土层受冻融作用影响各处理在越冬期达到穿透阻力峰值1 489.2~2 128.1和1 925.4~4 423.7 kPa;30~45 cm土层各处理穿透阻力变化规律在两季作物生长后期差异较大,冬小麦生长后期表现为DL40DL25DL20RT155,而夏玉米后期表现为DL40DL25DL20RT15。4)相对完全打破犁底层,部分打破犁底层更有利于提高水分利用效率,显著增加作物产量,DL25处理冬小麦和夏玉米产量分别较DL40处理增加4.2%和2.4%。综合考虑,DL25是目前相对较好的犁底层改良方式,此时犁底层厚度适当,既可节省农机能耗,又可兼有透水、增产效能。  相似文献   

7.
王雯  张雄 《水土保持通报》2015,35(4):213-217,222
[目的]揭示膜下滴灌(MG)、露地滴灌(DG)、沟灌(GA)、交替隔沟灌(JG)、漫灌(CK)5种灌溉方式对春玉米生长和产量的影响,筛选出适合榆林沙区的最有效的节水灌溉方式,为农业高效节水灌溉技术发展提供理论支持。[方法]基于2014年田间试验数据,运用统计分析和水分生产率计算方法。[结果](1)MG处理的春玉米植株生长发育状况优于其他灌溉方式。在各生育期,MG处理的春玉米株高、茎粗和叶片SPAD值(叶绿素相对含量)均高于DG,GA和JG,且显著高于CK(p0.05);(2)在整个生育期,MG处理的春玉米叶片光合速率、气孔导度和水分利用效率均高于其他灌溉方式,且显著高于CK(p0.05);(3)MG处理的春玉米增产节水效果显著,其产量和水分生产率均显著高于其他处理(p0.05)。[结论]同其他4种灌溉方式相比,膜下滴灌是榆林沙区玉米生产中最有效的一种节水灌溉方式。  相似文献   

8.
限量单次灌溉对套作冬小麦和春玉米产量的影响   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  
A field experiment was conducted during the 2002/2003 cropping season of winter wheat (Triticum aestivum) and spring maize (Zea mays) to evaluate the effect of limited single drip irrigation on the yield and water use of both crops under relay intercropping in a semi-arid area of northwestern China. A controlled 35 mm single irrigation, either early or late, was applied to each crop at a certain growth stage. Soil water, leaf area, final grain yield and yield components such as the thousand-grain weight, length of spike, fertile spikelet number, number of grains per spike, and grain weight per spike were measured, and water use efficiency and leaf area index were calculated for the irrigated and non-irrigated relay intercropping treatments and sole cropping controls. The results showed that yield, yield components, water use efficiency, and leaf area index in the relay intercropping treatments were affected by limited single drip irrigation during various growth stages of wheat and maize. The total yields in the relay intercropping treatment irrigated during the heading stage of wheat and the heading and anthesis stage of maize were the highest among all the treatments, followed by that irrigated during the anthesis stage of wheat and silking stage of maize;so was the water use efficiency. Significant differences occurred in most yield components between the irrigated and non-irrigated relay-intercropping treatments. The dynamics of the leaf area index in the relay-intercropped or solely cropped wheat and maize showed a type of single-peak pattern, whereas that of the relay intercropping treatments showed a type of double-peak pattern. Appropriately, limited single irrigation and controlled soil water content level could result in higher total yield, water use efficiency, and leaf area index, and improved yield components in relay intercropping. This practice saved the amount of water used for irrigation and also increased the yield. Therefore, heading stage of wheat and heading and anthesis stage of maize were suggested to be the optimum limited single irrigation time for relay-intercropped wheat and maize in the semi-arid area.  相似文献   

9.
针对华北地区春玉米田间灌溉和降雨相结合的灌溉模式,以北京为典型试验区,在保证作物最优土壤水分下限和灌溉定额相同的基础上,研究了滴灌灌水频率对土壤水、热分布及春玉米根系分布和产量的影响.试验结果表明:在春玉米抽雄期以前阶段实施的滴灌各处理中,高频滴灌下土壤平均含水率和不同深度处的土壤基质势波动幅度较小,高频滴灌下土壤水分能保持在一个比较稳定的范围;土壤温度受灌水过程、土壤含水率及作物生育阶段的影响较明显,滴灌能显著延迟气温对土壤温度的影响:灌水频率对春玉米根系分布存在一定影响,高频灌溉能显著促进春玉米根系在上层土壤(0～40 cm)中的分布;此外,在这种典型的灌溉和降雨相结合灌溉模式下,不同灌水频率下玉米产量差异不显著.因此,建议华北地区春玉米滴灌模式采用低频滴灌.  相似文献   

10.
不同灌水方式下番茄节水高产机理研究   总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2  
本文研究了无压灌、滴灌与沟灌3种灌水方式对番茄光合生理指标、根系吸导水能力、产量与水分利用效率的影响.结果表明,"少量多次"的无压灌下植物根系导水率高于滴灌与沟灌灌水方式,无压灌能够通过调节作物根区土壤水分状况,提高作物根系吸水能力,使作物根区土壤水分保持在最适宜作物生长的范围内.无压灌和滴灌的番茄叶绿素总量比沟灌分别提高了16.2%和12.8%;相对沟灌,无压灌和滴灌减小了气孔导度和蒸腾失水,而未降低光合速率,单叶水分利用效率分别提高51.3%和17.2%.投入、产出和效率综合评判表明,无压灌的经济效益最好,滴灌次之,沟灌最差.  相似文献   

11.
西辽河平原覆膜和浅埋对滴灌玉米生长的影响   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
为对比研究覆膜和浅埋对滴灌玉米生长的影响,以西辽河平原为研究区,设置膜下滴灌与浅埋滴灌2种灌溉方式和高、中、低3种灌溉水平,对滴灌玉米生长指标、根系分布、耗水量及产量等进行分析,寻求适宜试验区玉米高效节水灌溉模式。结果表明:(1)平均叶面积指数膜下滴灌较浅埋滴灌处理高13%～20%。膜下滴灌根系在30 cm土层内分布均匀,浅埋滴灌根系分布较膜下滴灌深10 cm。(2)膜下滴灌总耗水量较浅埋滴灌低9%,节水效果明显。(3)平水偏枯年膜下滴灌处理产量高于浅埋滴灌7%～15%,平水偏丰年膜下滴灌处理的产量低于浅埋滴灌处理6%～19%(p0.05)。(4)中水处理产量高,水分生产率最大,为最佳灌水处理。(5)对不同研究区通过多年平均降雨量和当年降雨预报推算生育期降雨量,对于268.32 mm的地方推荐使用膜下滴灌更佳,灌溉定额为186.1 mm,灌水7次。降雨量268.32 mm的地方推荐使用浅埋滴灌更佳,灌溉定额为228.0 mm,灌水8次。研究结果可为试验区及类似地区玉米高效灌溉生产提供理论依据。  相似文献   

12.
滴灌模式对棉花根系分布和水分利用效率的影响   总被引：7，自引：5，他引：2  
理解膜下滴灌参数对土壤盐分运移和作物生长的影响是制定科学滴灌制度、合理利用水资源的重要环节。毛管布置方式和滴灌水质是膜下滴灌的重要参数,为研究其对土壤盐分变化、棉花根系分布及水分利用效率的影响,设计了2种毛管布置方式（一管四行（Ms）和一管两行（Md））和3个滴灌水质水平（淡水0.24?dS/m、微咸水4.68?dS/m、咸水7.42?dS/m）。结果表明,滴管布置方式对土壤盐分变化和根系分布有显著影响。在相同滴灌水质条件下,Ms处理有利于降低棉花根区土壤含盐量。所有处理根系主要分布于0～40?cm土层内,矿质水滴灌时Md中根系受抑制程度明显高于Ms,但其主要影响根系密度δR＞0.5?kg/m3区域的分布范围,对δR＞0.2?kg/m3区域范围分布无明显影响。生育期内棉花总耗水量随滴灌水矿化度的上升而降低,与滴管布置无关。相对淡水滴灌而言,矿质水滴灌时Ms处理产量有所降低,但其水分利用效率随灌水矿化度上升而升高;而Md处理产量和水分利用效率均随灌水矿化度上升而下降。  相似文献   

13.
Abstract

Urea phosphate (17–44–0) (UP) was injected in surface placed drip irrigation lines, subsurface placed drip irrigation lines (15 cm below soil surface), or band under furrow irrigation on a calcareous soil. In drip irrigation, UP was split in two applications, two weeks apart, to give a total rate of 50 kg P2O5/ha. The furrow rate was 100 kg P2O5/ha in a single application. Soil analysis one month after the first injection of UP showed high levels of available P (NaHCO3 extractable) around the drip emitters. Considerable P mobility in the soil was detected within 20 cm from the emitters. Banding UP under the furrow did not leave any measurable levels of available P by the end of the experiment. Soil NO3‐N levels were comparable in all fertilized irrigation treatments, and were higher than the levels under an unfertilized furrow. Soil pH was reduced by 0.5 units around the drip emitters, but no change was measurable under furrow irrigation. Soluble salts (ECe) were concentrated in the top 10 cm of the soil surface in all the fertilized irrigation methods. Split application of UP in subsurface drip irrigation provided the longest residual and best distribution of available P in a calcareous soil.  相似文献   

14.
Better irrigation and nitrogen (N) scheduling and more efficient management of crop production require modeling of plant growth and crop yield. Models become more applicable if they are simple and require less and accessible inputs. The objective of this study was to use simple equations of soil water budget, evapotranspiration (ET), leaf area index (LAI), yield, and harvest index (HI)–transpiration function to develop a model for the prediction of growth and yield of maize under various water and N rates. The model was calibrated based on given data under sprinkler irrigation and verified based on independent data under furrow irrigation. The comparison between predicted and measured values of different crop parameters did not show any significant difference and the model was able to estimate LAI, ET, soil water content, HI, dry matter, and grain yield properly. Furthermore, an equation was presented to predict daily dry matter accumulation by a logistic curve for different water and N applications. It was concluded that the presented simple model was able to predict crop yield quite well and hence could be used for farm irrigation and N scheduling and management of both. Furthermore, the relationship between LAI and ET may be different in various environmental conditions that should be considered in using the model.  相似文献   

15.
A field experiment was conducted at the Arkansas Valley Research Center in 2005 through 2007 to study the effects of manure and nitrogen fertilizer on corn yield, nutrient uptake, N and P soil tests, and soil salinity under furrow and drip irrigation. Manure or inorganic N was applied in 2005 and 2006 only. There were no significant differences in corn yield between drip and furrow irrigation even though, on average, 42% less water was applied with drip irrigation. Inorganic N or manure application generally increased grain yield, kernel weight, grain and stover N uptake, and grain P uptake. Nitrogen rates above 67 kg ha?1 did not increase grain yield significantly in 2005 or 2006, nor did manure rates in excess of 22 Mg ha?1. High manure rates increased soil salinity early in the season, depressing corn yields in 2005 and 2006, particularly with drip irrigation. Salts tended to accumulate in the lower half of the root zone under drip irrigation. Residual nitrate nitrogen from manure and inorganic N application sustained corn yields above 12.0 Mg ha?1 in 2007. More research is needed to develop best manure and drip irrigation management for corn production in the Arkansas Valley.  相似文献   

16.
北方夏玉米滴灌施肥一体化技术应用效果   总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4  
为有效提高夏玉米水肥利用效率,通过田间试验对滴灌施肥一体化高效调控与利用技术进行系统的探究。结果表明,与常规漫灌(T1)相比,采用滴灌施肥一体化技术(T2和T3)可显著提高夏玉米大喇叭口期至灌浆期的叶面积指数;显著促进吐丝期至成熟期的干物质积累;在产量构成因素方面显著增加穗粗和穗粒数,并在一定程度上降低玉米穗的秃顶长度,进而显著提高夏玉米的产量。与T1相比,T2和T3增产5.32%~6.13%;水分利用效率提高36.10%~39.42%;氮、磷、钾肥利用率分别提高37.56%~35.29%、23.09%~30.30%、106.21%~121.51%。此外,采用滴灌施肥一体化技术可显著提高夏玉米生产经济效益。与T1相比,T2和T3可有效降低投产比,收益率平均提高4.71个百分点。在化肥用量较常规灌溉模式减少20%条件下,采用滴灌施肥一体化技术既能显著提高夏玉米产量,又能提高经济效益,是适宜在潮土区推广的一种高效节本增收的灌溉模式。  相似文献   

17.
通过大田试验,探讨了全膜覆盖下不同滴灌量对河套灌区玉米关键生育期光合特征、产量和水分利用效率的影响。结果表明:(1)除拔节期外,高、中滴灌量处理下玉米叶片净光合速率Pn、蒸腾速率Tr和气孔导度Gs均显著高于低滴灌量处理(P0.05),而高滴灌量与中滴灌量处理之间无显著差异;(2)低滴灌量处理下的玉米叶片光合水分利用效率WUE在其他生育时期均显著高于高滴灌量处理(P0.05),并且高滴灌量处理下玉米光合水分利用效率在拔节期显著高于其他生育时期;(3)不同滴灌量下,玉米叶片净光合速率Pn、蒸腾速率Tr、气孔导度Gs及胞间CO2浓度Ci在不同生育时期均具有明显的光合日变化特征。高、中滴灌量处理下各光合参数的日变化幅度、峰高、峰值出现时间与低滴灌量相比均存在显著差异;(4)高、中滴灌量处理下玉米存果率、穗粒数、千粒重和产量均显著高于低滴灌量处理(P0.05),但相对中滴灌量而言,高滴灌量处理对玉米果穗性状和产量的影响不显著。因此,合理的膜下滴灌量可以有效提高作物光合能力,有利于干物质的积累,改善作物果穗性状和产量,同时提高光合水分利用效率,对河套灌区节水灌溉、控盐和增产目标具有指导意义。  相似文献   

18.
Soil–plant water dynamics is a major driving factor on crop yield which could be improved under optimal irrigation strategy. The soil water dynamics under partial root-zone drying (PRD) and its consequent effects on maize economics returns were investigated in a two-year field study in the research field of Sari Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources University. Irrigation treatments included full irrigation (FI) and two PRD treatments including PRD1 and PRD2, receiving 100%, 75% and 55% of crop water demand at each irrigation event, respectively. TDRs were used for measuring soil water contents on a daily basis. Economic analysis was done based on net present value (NPV), benefit-to-cost ratio (B/C) and internal rate of return (INRR) indices. Applying PRD1 treatment increased soil wetting front advance by 110–330% compared those for other treatments which caused 50% increase in root water uptake. Improved soil water dynamics under PRD1 prevented a significant reduction in maize grain yield, leading to 37.7%, 6.14% and 192% increase in NPV, B/C and INRR, respectively, under PRD1 than those for FI treatment. Thus, PRD1 was the most economic water-saving irrigation strategy under which 25% of irrigation water would be saved due to a better utilization of soil water supply.  相似文献   

19.
Maize （Zea mays L.）, a staple crop grown from June to September during the rainy season on the North China Plain, is usually inter-planted in winter wheat （Triticum aestivum L.） fields about one week before harvesting of the winter wheat. In order to improve irrigation efficiency in this region of serious water shortage, field studies in 1999 and 2001, two dry seasons with less than average seasonal rainfall, were conducted with up to five irrigation applications to determine evapotranspiration, calculate the crop coefficient, and optimize the irrigation schedule with maize under mulch, as well as to establish the effects of irrigation timing and the number of applications on grain yield and water use efficiency （WUE） of maize. Results showed that with grain production at about 8 000 kg ha^-1 the total evapotranspiration and WUE of irrigated maize under mulch were about 380-400 mm and 2.0-2.2 kg m^-3, respectively. Also in 2001 WUE of maize with mulch for the treatment with three irrigations was 11.8% better than that without mulch. In the 1999 and 2001 seasons, maize yield significantly improved （P = 0.05） with four irrigation applications, however, further increases were not significant. At the same time there were no significant differences for WUE with two to four irrigation applications. In the 2001 season mulch lead to a decrease of 50 mm in the total soil evaporation, and the maize crop coefficient under mulch varied between 0.3-1.3 with a seasonal average of 1.0.  相似文献   

20.
为探求不同覆膜方式及滴灌带布设对作物产量及收获系数的影响,设置不同滴灌带间距(A1:1 m;A2:0.5 m)与覆膜方式(M1:全覆盖;M2:半膜覆盖),通过2年田间试验研究其对根区土壤水氮分布均匀度(CUw, CUN)及春玉米根冠生长及产量的影响。结果表明:膜下滴灌条件下,根区土壤含水率与其分布均匀度具有一致性;高频滴灌施肥虽提高根区土壤NO3-含量却降低其分布均匀度,表现出不一致性。提高土壤水、氮分布均匀度未显著影响作物根长密度,但增加地上部叶面积,从而降低作物根冠面积比。相比滴灌带布设,覆膜方式对春玉米产量和收获系数的影响更为显著。低频灌溉条件下,全膜覆盖处理提高春玉米根区土壤水分和NO3-含量及均匀度,其作物产量较部分覆膜处理提高37.4%;而高频灌溉下,部分覆膜处理的作物产量较全膜覆盖处理提高7.7%。当根表面积与叶面积之比(RSA/LA)趋于4时,作物产量和收获系数最高,RSA/LA过高或过低均会降低作物产量和收获系数。综合考虑作物产量、收获系数和滴灌带成本,低频灌溉下建议选择A1M1处理,高频充分灌溉条件下建议选择A1M2处理。  相似文献   

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