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以中心产区简单随机抽样在青海省西宁市共抽取青海高原牦牛76头,用垂直平板聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(PAGE)和水平淀粉凝胶电泳技术检测21个编码血液蛋白(酶)结构基因座的多态性,并进行中性检验及连锁不平衡分析。结果表明:在所检测的21个基因座中,有6个存在多型,多态位点百分比为28.57%,群体内遗传变异水平相对较低,21个基因座平均有效等位基因数、观察杂合度、期望杂合度和多态信息含量分别为1.118、0.0665、0.0729和0.0603。CA、LDH1和ADH 3个基因座杂合子缺失达到极显著水平(P<0.001),而Alp杂合子呈极显著增加状态(P<0.001)。除Alp外,其余5个多态基因座均为中性基因。除Alp-CA和LDH1-ADH 2对基因座组合处于连锁不平衡状态外,其余13对基因座组合和群体水平上均处于连锁平衡状态(P>0.05)。 相似文献
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青海高原牦牛遗传多样性研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
以中心产区简单随机抽样在青海省西宁市共抽取青海高原牦牛76头,用垂直平板聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(PAGE)和水平淀粉凝胶电泳技术检测21个编码血液蛋白(酶)结构基因座及12个微卫星位点的多态性,并进行中性检验及连锁不平衡分析.结果表明:在所检测的21个血液蛋白基因座中,有6个存在多型,多态位点百分比为28.57%,12个微卫星位点全部为多态,共检测出63个等位基因;两层次标记所反映的群体内遗传变异水平均较低,21个血液蛋白基因座平均有效等位基因数、观察杂合度、期望杂合度和多态信息含量分别为1.118、0.0665、0.0729和0.0603,12个微卫星位点相应指标分别为2.9005、0.4138、0.5325和0.4903;除Alp外,其余5个血液蛋白多态基因座和12个微卫星位点均为中性基因.除Alp-CA、LDH1-ADH两对血液蛋白基因座和8对微卫星显著(P＜0.05)或极显著(P＜0.01)处于连锁不平衡状态外,其余13对血液蛋白基因座和58对微卫星均处于连锁平衡状态(P＞0.05);另外,6个血液蛋白多态基因座、12个微卫星位点或是两者的合并数据从群体水平上均处于连锁平衡状态(P＞0.05). 相似文献
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青海高原牦牛遗传多样性研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
以中心产区简单随机抽样在青海省西宁市共抽取青海高原牦牛76头,用垂直平板聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳（PAGE）和水平淀粉凝胶电泳技术检测21个编码血液蛋白（酶）结构基因座及12个微卫星位点的多态性,并进行中性检验及连锁不平衡分析。结果表明：在所检测的21个血液蛋白基因座中,有6个存在多型,多态位点百分比为28．57％,12个微卫星位点全部为多态,共检测出63个等位基因;两层次标记所反映的群体内遗传变异水平均较低,21个血液蛋白基因座平均有效等位基因数、观察杂合度、期望杂合度和多态信息含量分别为1．118、0．0665、0．0729和0．0603,12个微卫星位点相应指标分别为2．9005、0．4138、0．5325和0．4903;除Alp外,其余5个血液蛋白多态基因座和12个微卫星位点均为中性基因。除Alp-CA、LDH1-ADH两对血液蛋白基因座和8对微卫星显著（P〈0．05）或极显著（P〈0．01）处于连锁不平衡状态外,其余13对血液蛋白基因座和58对微卫星均处于连锁平衡状态（P〉0．05）;另外,6个血液蛋白多态基因座、12个微卫星位点或是两者的合并数据从群体水平上均处于连锁平衡状态（P〉0．05）。 相似文献
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对江苏省盱眙县183头水牛外形特征及体尺指标进行了调查和测量,同时随机抽取48头母牛,用垂直平板聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳(PAGE)和水平淀粉凝胶电泳(SGE)对编码血液蛋白18个基因座的基因频率进行检测,同时引用相同方法所得东南亚21个水牛群体5个座位的研究资料,进行聚类分析,结果表明:成年公牛体高、体长、胸围和管围分别为129.16,147.69,198.66和23.12 cm,成年母牛分别为128.43,143.81,193.11和21.62 cm,估计体重公母牛分别为516.39和479.83 Kg。在所检测18个基因座中,有5个存在多型,多态位点百分比为27.78%。群体内遗传变异水平较低,平均杂合度和平均有效等位基因数分别为0.0793和1.1355。聚类分析表明:盱眙水牛与台湾和泰国水牛亲缘关系较近,孟加拉国为沼泽型水牛和河流型水牛的分界线,不同水牛群体的聚类结果基本与其地理分布吻合。 相似文献
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盱眙水牛遗传多样性及系统地位的研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
对江苏省盱眙县183头水牛外形特征及体尺指标进行了调查和测量,同时随机抽取48头母牛,用垂直平板聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳（PAGE）和水平淀粉凝胶电泳（SGE）对编码血液蛋白18个基因座的基因频率进行检测,同时引用相同方法所得东南亚21个水牛群体5个座位的研究资料,进行聚类分析,结果表明：成年公牛体高、体长、胸围和管围分别为129.16,147.69,198.66和23.12 cm,成年母牛分别为128.43,143.81,193.11和21.62 cm,估计体重公母牛分别为516.39和479.83 Kg.在所检测18个基因座中,有5个存在多型,多态位点百分比为27.78%.群体内遗传变异水平较低,平均杂合度和平均有效等位基因数分别为0.0793和1.1355.聚类分析表明：盱眙水牛与台湾和泰国水牛亲缘关系较近,孟加拉国为沼泽型水牛和河流型水牛的分界线,不同水牛群体的聚类结果基本与其地理分布吻合. 相似文献
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采用淀粉凝胶电泳和聚丙烯酰胺凝胶等电聚焦检测了在中心产区抽取的滩羊、同羊、小尾寒羊和湖羊4个群体编码HbB基因座上的变异．搜集国内外10个绵羊群体的相同资料．对Hbβ基因座频率分布进行分析。研究表明：淀粉凝胶电泳只能检测出3种表型．等电聚焦可以检测出6种表型；近交是造成湖羊和同羊HbB座位遗传不平衡的主要原因；在高海拔(＞3000m)地区绵羊Hbβ^A占优势．中、低海拔地区的绝大多数绵羊群体Hbβ^B占优势．Hbβ^A频率或Hbβ^B频率与海拔之间无线性变化关系。 相似文献
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运用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳技术对引入我国的肉用品种绵羊波德代及其杂种一二代和当地土种羊(蒙古羊)的酯酶(Es)多态性进行了检测分析。结果表明:本研究的4个群体中Es基因座共检测到了Es 和Es-两个等位基因,组成了Es 、Es -、Es--三种基因型。除杂种二代羊和土种羊,以Es -为优势基因型,Es-为优势基因,其余群体均以Es--为优势基因型,Es-为优势基因。结果和前人报道相一致。 相似文献
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3个中国地方黄牛品种遗传结构及其遗传分化的研究 总被引：1，自引：2，他引：1
利用12对微卫星引物对中国3个地方黄牛品种（鲁西黄牛、渤海黑牛及闽南黄牛）及2个对照群体（中国荷斯坦牛和青海牦牛）的群体遗传结构、遗传分化及基因流水平进行研究，结合聚类分析，结果表明：5个牛群体总近交系数（Fit）为58．5％，群体内近交系数（Fis）为43．2％，群体间基因分化系数（Fst）为26．9％，3个指标均达到极显著水平（P〈0．001）。5个牛群体内近交系数（R）鲁西黄牛最高（0．640），青海牦牛最低（0．231）。鲁西黄牛与荷斯坦牛间每世代群体间有效迁移个体数（Nem）最大（1．149），牦牛与鲁西黄牛间最小（0．509）。5个牛群体每个体属于所属群体的平均概率从91．4％到98．5％不等。结合聚类分析、基因流分析及STRUCTURE分析结果，5个牛群可分为3大类：鲁西黄牛和中国荷斯坦牛为一类，渤海黑牛和闽南黄牛为一类，牦牛自为一类，这说明在鲁西黄牛和渤海黑牛的形成过程中，鲁西黄牛受普通牛影响较大，而渤海黑牛受瘤牛影响较大，同时探讨了以上品种的演化与形成过程。 相似文献
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：用8个微卫星标记对闽南黄牛的等位基因频率、多态信息含量、杂合度和有效等位基因数等指标进行统计分析,并在此基础上对其进行聚类分析和分类研究。结果：8个微卫星标记在所检测的闽南黄牛群体中都表现出较丰富的多态性,在4个群体8个微卫星座位共有58个等位基因,每个微卫星标记平均检测到7．2个等位基因（3～11）;8个微卫星标记的平均多态信息含量（PIC）为0．6471,各群体的平均多态信息含量（PIC）差并不显著;全部群体平均杂合度为0．2930;各群体平均有效等位基因数为3．37。此表明闽南黄牛在微卫星位点上具有丰富的遗传多样性;根据奈氏标准遗传距离进行UPGMA聚类分析,结果表明4个群体间的遗传变异不大。 相似文献
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Genetic structure and relationships of 16 Asian and European cattle populations using DigiTag2 assay 
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下载免费PDF全文 Riku Yonesaka Shinji Sasazaki Hiroshi Yasue Satoru Niwata Yousuke Inayoshi Fumio Mukai Hideyuki Mannen 《Animal Science Journal》2016,87(2):190-196
In this study, we genotyped 117 autosomal single nucleotide polymorphisms using a DigiTag2 assay to assess the genetic diversity, structure and relationships of 16 Eurasian cattle populations, including nine cattle breeds and seven native cattle. Phylogenetic and principal component analyses showed that Bos taurus and Bos indicus populations were clearly distinguished, whereas Japanese Shorthorn and Japanese Polled clustered with European populations. Furthermore, STRUCTURE analysis demonstrated the distinct separation between Bos taurus and Bos indicus (K=2), and between European and Asian populations (K=3). In addition, Japanese Holstein exhibited an admixture pattern with Asian and European cattle (K=3‐5). Mongolian (K=13‐16) and Japanese Black (K=14‐16) populations exhibited admixture patterns with different ancestries. Bos indicus populations exhibited a uniform genetic structure at K=2‐11, thereby suggesting that there are close genetic relationships among Bos indicus populations. However, the Bhutan and Bangladesh populations formed a cluster distinct from the other Bos indicus populations at K=12‐16. In conclusion, our study could sufficiently explain the genetic construction of Asian cattle populations, including: (i) the close genetic relationships among Bos indicus populations; (ii) the genetic influences of European breeds on Japanese breeds; (iii) the genetic admixture in Japanese Holstein, Mongolian and Japanese Black cattle; and (iv) the genetic subpopulations in Southeast Asia. 相似文献
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The purpose of this study was to assess genetic diversity, phylogenetic relationship and population structure among nine Eurasian cattle populations using 58 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers. The calculated distribution of minor allele frequencies and heterozygosities suggested that the genetic diversity of Bos indicus populations was lower than that of Bos taurus populations. Phylogenetic analyses revealed the main divergence between the Bos taurus and Bos indicus populations, and subsequently between Asian and European populations. By principal components analysis, the Bos taurus and Bos indicus populations were clearly distinguished with PC1 (61.1%); however, six Bos taurus populations clustered loosely and the partial separation between European and Asian groups was observed by PC2 (12.5%). The structure analysis was performed using the STRUCTURE program. Distinct separation between Bos taurus and Bos indicus was shown at K = 2, and that between European and Asian populations at K = 3. At K = 4, 5 and 6, Mongolian population showed an admixture pattern with different ancestry of Asian and European cattle. At K = 7, all Bos taurus populations showed each cluster with little proportion of admixture. In conclusion, 58 SNP markers in this study could sufficiently estimate the genetic diversity, relationship and structure for nine Eurasian cattle populations, especially by analyses of principal components and STRUCTURE. 相似文献
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X. Gou Y. Wang S. Yang W. Deng H. Mao 《Zeitschrift für Tierzüchtung und Züchtungsbiologie》2010,127(2):154-160
There are hump, humpless cattle and gayal distributed in Yunnan province, south‐west China, but their genetic background remains unclear. To determine the origin and genetic diversity of Yunnan gayal and cattle (Diqing, Nujiang and Wenshan cattle), we analysed mtDNA control region sequences of 71 samples and SRY gene sequences of 39 samples, together with the available sequences in GenBank. The neighbour‐joining phylogeny and the reduced median network analysis showed that Yunnan gayal originated from the hybridization between male Bos frontalis and female Bos taurus or Bos indicus, and that Yunnan cattle mostly originated from B. indicus, also containing some hybrids of male B. indicus and female B. taurus. The phylogenetic pattern of Yunnan cattle was consistent with the recently described cattle matrilineal pool from China and indicated more contribution to the Yunnan cattle from B. indicus than from B. taurus. 相似文献
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Tashi DORJI Takao NAMIKAWA Hideyuki MANNEN Yoshi KAWAMOTO 《Animal Science Journal》2010,81(5):523-529
In the current study, milk protein variation was examined in cattle (Bos indicus), mithun (Bos frontalis), yak (Bos grunniens) and their hybrid populations in Bhutan to estimate genetic variability, conduct genetic characterization and assess the possibility of gene flow between mithun and cattle. Isoelectric focusing of 372 milk samples from 11 populations detected four molecular types of β‐lactoglobulin (A, B, E and M), five molecular types of αS1‐casein (A, B, C, E and X) and three molecular types of k‐casein (A, B and X). Mithun and yak shared alleles but were found to exhibit different allele frequencies for the proteins studied. The degree of genetic variability within populations was measured by average heterozygosity and ranged from 24–40% in cattle, 26% for yak and 33% for mithun. We also resolved the traditional mithun and cattle hybridization system via principal component analysis. Our results suggested secondary introgression of mithun genes to the village Thrabum population, and a close genetic relationship between Bhutanese indigenous cattle and Indian cattle. 相似文献
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甘肃滩羊血液蛋白多态性及标记性状的应用研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳技术 ,测定分析了甘肃皋兰、景泰及靖远 3个滩羊种群Hb、Tf、Es、Amy、Alb、EP - 1、EP - 2 7个蛋白座位的多态性。除了Amy、Alb、EP - 1、EP - 2四个座位呈现单态外 ,其余 3个蛋白座位都表现出丰富的多态性。Hb、Tf、Es在 3个滩羊地方种群中表现出地区分布和选育不同程度的差异性。Hb和Es基因座各具有 3种基因型 ,受两个等位基因控制 ,其中HbB 基因在 3个群体中均占优势。Es-基因在皋兰和景泰群体中占优势 ,Es+ 在靖远群体中占优势 ;Tf基因座有 2 1种基因型 ,受 8个复等位基因控制 ,其中TfB、TfC 基因和TfBC、TfCC基因型在 3个群体中均占优势。甘肃滩羊 3个地方种群的Nei氏预期平均基因杂合度 (H)都很低 ,其值分别为 0 .2 0 37、0 .2 0 2 1和 0 .2 2 5 4 ;滩羊群体间的平均基因多样度 (Dst)和基因分化系数 (Gst)的值分别为 0 .0 0 19和 0 .0 0 90。结合羔羊肥育试验筛选出HbAA、Es+ + 两个高产基因型 ,作为滩羊肉用选育方向的标记辅助选择 ,并建立了与部分生产性能相关的多元回归线性数学模型 相似文献