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1.
为提高草莓花色苷的提取效率和储存稳定性,该研究通过酸化甘油体系与探针脉冲超声相结合,优化草莓花色苷的提取工艺。采用UPLC-Triple-TOF/MS鉴定花色苷;在高温和光照条件下探究花色苷的稳定性;并利用分子动力学研究酸化甘油提取和储存草莓花色苷的内在机制。结果表明,在最佳条件：甘油浓度为26%（v/v）,温度为67 ℃,液料比为34 mL/g,超声时间为53 min下,花色苷得率为902.41 ± 0.84 μg/g ;酸化甘油提取液中含有飞燕草素-3-葡萄糖苷、矢车菊素-3-葡萄糖苷、天竺葵素-3-葡萄糖苷和锦葵色素-3-葡萄糖苷4种花色苷。酸化甘油体系能够显著提高花色苷在高温和光照条件下的稳定性。酸化甘油体系具有较大的扩散系数（0.57 m2/s）、平均氢键数量（406个）以及较小的非共价相互作用能（-1798.85 kcal/mol）。综上所述,通过酸化绿色溶剂甘油可以更高效地从草莓中提取并储存花色苷。  相似文献   

2.
  【目的】  研究施肥模式对茶叶生化成分含量和黄酮类及糖苷类代谢物累积的影响,为实现茶叶优质高产提供科学依据。  【方法】  田间试验设在四川茶树种植典型区域—雅安,试验连续进行了3年,设置不施肥 (CK)、常量化肥 (N 585 kg/hm2,TF)、有机肥替代25%化肥氮 (OF)、减施25%氮肥 (SF) 4个处理。分析了不同处理茶叶主要品质成分含量,并基于非靶向代谢组学检测结果分析了黄酮类及糖苷类代谢物累积差异。  【结果】  与CK处理相比,TF、OF、SF处理茶氨酸、游离氨基酸含量分别提高了7.22%～13.40%、23.15%～25.50%,可溶性糖和茶多酚含量分别降低了8.17%～13.86%、6.08%～11.49%,表儿茶素、表没食子儿茶素、芸香苷等10种代谢物累积水平显著下降。与TF处理相比,SF处理茶氨酸、咖啡碱和水浸出物含量分别降低了5.45%、5.97%、8.91%,茶多酚、可溶性糖、游离氨基酸含量和酚氨比无显著差异;芍药素-3-O-葡萄糖苷、肉桂萜醇C1-19-葡萄糖苷、查耳酮樱花素等7种代谢物累积水平显著降低,川陈皮素、牡荆素-4'-O-α-L-吡喃鼠李糖苷、(S)-橙花醇-3-O-[a-L-鼠李糖吡喃醇-(1->2)-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷]和Ranupenin3-rutinoside等4种代谢物累积水平显著增加。与TF处理相比,OF处理茶叶咖啡碱含量降低了5.73%;茶氨酸、游离氨基酸、可溶性糖、茶多酚、水浸出物含量差异不显著;10种黄酮苷、2种黄酮、6种萜苷、5种甾体皂甙和2种脂酰苷共25种代谢物累积水平显著增加,以川陈皮素、飞燕草素-3-(6-对香豆酰基半乳糖苷)增幅较大,分别为2280.20%、1355.11%。4个处理相比,OF处理下有15种黄酮类及糖苷类代谢物累积水平显著高于CK、TF和SF处理。  【结论】  有机肥替代25%化肥氮降低了茶叶咖啡碱含量,提高了川陈皮素、飞燕草素、槲皮素、芹黄素、山奈酚、牡荆素等多种黄酮类代谢物和去氢大豆皂甙I、珠子参苷R2、孕甾烷甙等多种糖苷组分累积水平。减施25%氮肥降低了茶氨酸、咖啡碱、水浸出物含量和糖苷类代谢物 (如杨梅酮-3-O-洋槐糖苷、芍药素-3-O-葡萄糖苷、肉桂萜醇C1-19-葡萄糖苷等)累积水平,对茶多酚、可溶性糖、游离氨基酸含量影响较小。有机肥替代部分化肥氮有利于茶叶黄酮类及糖苷类物质累积,单纯减少氮肥投入会降低茶叶品质。  相似文献   

3.
张杰  杨希娟  党斌  张文刚  兰佳佳 《核农学报》2021,35(8):1848-1857
为了提高蚕豆加工副产物的综合利用率,筛选天然多酚抑菌剂的功能原料,本试验以5种不同颜色蚕豆种皮为研究对象,比较不同颜色蚕豆种皮中酚类物质的含量、组成及抑菌活性的差异,初步探讨蚕豆种皮中发挥抑菌活性的多酚物质种类。结果表明,5种不同颜色蚕豆种皮中总酚含量为165.94~8 487.62 mg·100g-1,总黄酮含量为11.26~209.01 mg·100g-1,花色苷含量为1.08~65.64 mg·100g-1。紫红蚕豆种皮总酚、花色苷含量最高,黑蚕豆总黄酮含量最高。没食子酸和原儿茶酸为蚕豆种皮中的主要酚酸物质,儿茶素、杨梅素、根皮素及槲皮素为主要的黄酮类物质,矢车菊素、矢车菊素-3-葡萄糖苷、飞燕草素和飞燕草素-3-葡萄糖苷为主要花色苷类物质,且深色蚕豆种皮具有较的高酚类物质含量。抑菌活性结果表明,深色蚕豆种皮对大肠杆菌和沙门氏菌的抑制能力较强,且总酚、总黄酮含量与沙门氏菌抑菌活性呈显著正相关(P<0.05),而花色苷含量与大肠杆菌抑菌活性呈显著正相关(P<0.05),没食子酸及矢车菊素是发挥抑菌作用的主要物质。综上,深色蚕豆种皮含有丰富的酚类化合物,且具有较高的抑菌活性,本研究为蚕豆种皮综合加工利用提供了一定的理论基础。  相似文献   

4.
【目的】研究三江源区高寒草甸牧草对不同形态氮素的吸收利用和残留氮素在土壤中的去向及分配,以期为制定三江源区高寒草甸草场养分科学添加方案提供理论依据。【方法】于2020年6月至2021年9月,在青海省称多县高寒草甸试验站开展15N田间微区示踪试验,试验设置3个不同氮素形态处理,分别为(15NH4)2SO4、Ca(15NO3)2、CO(15NH2)2,各处理的氮素施用量均为N 300 kg/hm2。分析了施肥当年和次年不同形态氮素在高寒草甸牧草地上部、地下部中的含量,及在0—15、15—30 cm土层土壤中的去向及分配。【结果】1)在施肥当年,与Ca(15NO3)2、(15NH4)2SO4<...  相似文献   

5.
本试验选取崇明东滩的光滩湿地和芦苇湿地为对照，比较研究不同围垦年限(19、27、51、86 a)的围垦区稻田耕层土壤CH4好氧氧化的速率和固碳量以及对氮肥的响应特征。结果表明，围垦稻田土壤有机碳(SOC)含量随围垦年限增长而显著增加，而湿地土壤的酸碱度(pH)、硫酸根离子(SO42–)浓度和电导率(EC值)则均随围垦年限增长而呈逐渐下降趋势。围垦稻田的CH4好氧氧化速率存在显著差异，其中围垦27 a稻田最高，为32μg/(g·d)，但远低于芦苇湿地(82μg/(g·d))。CH4好氧氧化驱动的固碳净增量(13C-SOC)介于10.3～19.6μmol/g，与CH4氧化速率显著正相关。围垦86 a稻田CH4好氧氧化的固碳效率(13C-SOC净增量/13CH4转化量)为61%，显著高于围垦19 a和27 a稻田。添加3种氮肥(NH4  相似文献   

6.
以中甘21(ZG21)、06-115两个甘蓝品种为试验材料,研究叶面喷施6种氨基酸对甘蓝硫代葡萄糖苷组分及其含量的影响。结果表明,不同种类氨基酸处理甘蓝硫代葡萄糖苷组分相同,均含有9种硫苷。氨基酸对甘蓝硫苷含量有一定的影响,半胱氨酸和甲硫氨酸显著提高06-115硫苷的总含量、脂肪族硫苷的含量和4-甲基硫氧丁基硫苷含量,其中半胱氨酸处理含量最高,与对照相比分别提高63.0％、69.6％和69.1％;半胱氨酸处理提高了3-吲哚基甲基硫苷含量,达到725.6 μmol/kg, FW;半胱氨酸处理也显著提高了中甘21硫苷的总含量、脂肪族硫苷的含量、吲哚族硫苷含量和4-甲基硫氧丁基硫苷含量,与对照相比分别提高了27.2％、39.6％、15.3％和26.2％。半胱氨酸、苯丙氨酸、甘氨酸和谷氨酸处理都提高了3-吲哚基甲基硫苷的含量,其中半胱氨酸处理最高,达到292.7 μmol/kg, FW,其次是谷氨酸和甘氨酸处理。  相似文献   

7.
促分裂原活化蛋白激酶(mitogen-activated protein kinase,MAPK/MPK)级联是植物响应外界环境变化的重要信号传导途径.为了验证番茄促分裂原活化蛋白激酶3(Solanum lycopersicum mitogenactivated protein kinases 3,S1MPK3)在低温胁迫中的功能,本研究将醋栗番茄(Solanum pimpinellifolium)SlMPK3基因在栽培番茄(S.lycopersicum)M82中过表达,获得了过表达SlMPK3的转基因番茄后代.结果表明,低温胁迫下转基因番茄幼苗SlMPK3基因被迅速诱导表达.低温处理8h处,SlMPK3的表达量达到最大值,转基因植株(OE4,OE6和OE7)中SlMPK3的表达量显著高于野生型(P＜0.05).苗期耐冷性鉴定结果表明,转基因植株耐冷指数(OE4(0.81),OE6 (0.78),OE7(0.77))显著高于对照((0.37),P＜0.05).低温胁迫下表型观察发现,4℃低温胁迫24 h,野生型番茄叶片边缘失水萎蔫,叶面出现明显黄色枯斑;转基因番茄植株叶片表现正常.低温胁迫120 h后,野生型植株的相对电解质渗透率为74.66％,而转基因植株的电解质渗透率平均为59.79％,比对照低14.87％;转基因植株叶片中丙二醛(malondialdehyde,MDA)含量为6.76 μmol/g FW,比对照(9.77 μmol/g FW)低30.81％;野生型植株叶片中的H2O2含量显著高于转基因植株(P＜0.05),比转基因植株高22.02％.低温胁迫处理引起了转基因植株和野生型植株的抗氧化酶(antioxidant enzymes,AOEs)活性显著增加(P＜0.05),低温处理120 h后,转基因植株中超氧化物歧化酶(super-oxide dismutase,SOD)、过氧化物酶(peroxidase,POD)和过氧化氢酶(catalase,CAT)活性分别比对照高29.40％、24.24％和22.83％.转基因和野生型植株中可溶性蛋白(soluble protein)和可溶性糖(soluble sugar)含量均随低温处理时间的推移逐步增加,4℃处理120 h后转基因植株可溶性蛋白含量为40.02 mg/g FW (OE-4),42.21 mg/g FW (OE-6)和40.33 mg/g FW (OE-7),显著高于对照(36.86 mg/g FW)(P＜0.05);转基因植株可溶性糖含量平均为51.87 mmol/g FW,比对照高21.82％.本研究证明,SlMPK3过表达提高了番茄植株的低温耐受能力,为进一步研究番茄SlMPK3基因的功能提供依据,同时为耐低温番茄育种提供了新种质.  相似文献   

8.
为探讨高温胁迫下硒硫互作对西兰花芽苗生理及萝卜硫素代谢的影响,以西兰花籽粒为试验材料,经单独喷施硫酸锌(ZnSO4)、亚硒酸钠(Na2SeO3)、二者联合喷施、以及结合高温胁迫下喷施处理,分析发芽期间西兰花芽苗主要生理生化指标并利用荧光定量PCR技术分析萝卜硫素代谢关键酶基因表达的变化。结果表明,单独施用Na2SeO3可显著增加芽长和芽苗单株鲜重(P<0.05),有效缓解高温及ZnSO4对西兰花芽苗生长发育的抑制作用;发芽期间,相较单独喷施ZnSO4处理,西兰花芽苗经高温后联合喷施ZnSO4及Na2SeO3处理,其硒元素含量、总抗氧化能力、硫代葡萄糖苷含量、黑介子酶活性、异硫氰酸酯含量、萝卜硫素含量均显著提高(P<0.05),其中萝卜硫素含量相较单独喷施ZnSO4处理增加了39%。高温联合ZnSO4及Na2SeO3处理4 d的芽苗中MYB28、UGT74B1及ST5b基因表达量均较对照显著上调,而BoHMT1显著下调(P<0.05)。综上所述,西兰花芽苗经高温联合硒硫处理是富集萝卜硫素的有效方式,该研究结果为生产富含萝卜硫素的功能性芽苗菜提供了理论依据和技术支撑。  相似文献   

9.
【目的】 利用拟南芥生态型群体研究拟南芥耐铵毒害的生理机制,为挖掘耐铵基因提供生理基础及理论指导。 【方法】 共收集了95份生态型拟南芥材料,采用水培实验方法,将拟南芥幼苗移栽后在正常培养液(2 mmol/L NO3–-N处理)中培养8天,然后转移至含有1 mmol/L (NH4)2SO4的营养液(2 mmol/L NH4+-N处理)中培养8天,收获后,测定植株全氮量、地上部游离铵含量,以及谷氨酰胺合成酶 (GS) 活性;培养3天后取样,采用RT-PCR技术分析根部主要的铵态氮转运蛋白基因AMT1;1和AMT1;2的表达水平;拟南芥幼苗移栽后在正常培养液中培养8天,转移至丰度为5%的1 mmol/L (15NH4)2SO4中培养,分别处理3 h、6 h和24 h取样,用于同位素分析。 【结果】 2 mmol/L铵态氮处理下拟南芥群体地上部的生长被显著抑制,并且大量游离铵离子累积于地上部,铵态氮下拟南芥群体体内铵含量是对照硝态氮下的1.5倍以上,其中Si-0生态型在铵态氮下铵含量为19.17 μmol/g, FW,是对照的20倍。在硝态氮培养条件下,内源铵的含量与拟南芥地上部生长呈显著负相关,铵态氮培养条件下,地上部生长与铵含量同样呈较高的负相关性,因此内源铵含量少的生态型拟南芥在铵态氮下亦耐铵,所以本研究以拟南芥群体组织内铵含量为主因子,筛选出耐铵拟南芥生态型Or-1、Ta-0,HSM和铵敏感拟南芥生态型Rak-2、Lpv-18、Hi-0,结果表明铵敏感生态型在硝态氮下铵含量是耐铵生态型的1.7倍至10倍。耐铵拟南芥生态型铵转运蛋白基因AMT1;1和AMT1;2的表达水平较铵敏感拟南芥高,植株全氮和地上部15N标记试验结果表明,耐铵拟南芥铵态氮吸收速率高于敏感型。并且耐铵拟南芥生态型在两种氮形态下其谷氨酰胺合成酶 (GS) 活性均显著高于铵敏感生态型,在硝态氮培养条件下GS活性是铵敏感生态型的1.1～1.8倍,在铵态氮培养条件下是1.2～1.6倍,说明耐铵拟南芥生态型的铵同化能力强于敏感型。 【结论】 耐铵生态型拟南芥是通过更高的谷氨酰胺合成酶 (GS) 活性将大量的游离铵同化以减少植株体内游离铵含量,从而减轻植株铵毒害;而不是通过减少铵态氮的吸收。   相似文献   

10.
加筋材料对紫色土坡耕地埂坎土壤抗剪强度的影响   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  
选择三峡库区典型紫色土坡耕地埂坎为研究对象,通过室内三轴不固结不排水试验(UU)研究加筋对埂坎土壤抗剪特征的影响。结果表明:(1) 3种试验材料加筋土均表现出土壤黏聚力随着加筋量的增加先增大后减小,埂坎土壤黏聚力大小表现为:c麦壳>c竹丝>c稻秆>c素土。埂坎土壤黏聚力最大时,麦壳、竹丝和稻秆的加筋量分别为0.8%,0.5%和0.3%。加筋材料对土壤内摩擦角的影响不明显。(2) 3种加筋材料均能提升土壤抗剪强度。土壤极限主应力差随着加筋量的增加先增大后减小,麦壳、竹丝和稻秆加筋土的极限主应力最大值均出现在最优加筋量处。4种试验围压下,加筋埂坎土极限主应力差最大值均体现出(σ_1-σ_3)麦壳>(σ_1-σ_3)竹丝>(σ_1-σ_3)稻秆>(σ_1-σ_3)素土。(3)最优加筋量条件下,3种加筋埂坎土壤试样在不同试验围压下的应力—应变曲线均呈硬化型。  相似文献   

11.
Mashua (Tropaeolum tuberosum Ruíz and Pavón), an Andean tuber with high antioxidant activity, has sparked interest because of its traditional medicinal use. In this study, we evaluated the anthocyanin composition for three purple mashua genotypes and their contribution to the overall antioxidant activity of the tuber. Mashua anthocyanins, total phenolics, and 2,2'-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) antioxidant activity ranged from 45.5 to 131.9 mg of cyanidin 3-glucoside equivalents/100 g fresh weight (FW), 174.9 to 275.5 mg of gallic acid equivalents/100 g of FW, and 16.2 to 45.7 micromol of Trolox equivalents/g of FW, respectively. The high-performance liquid chromatography with photodiode array detection (HPLC-DAD) and HPLC-electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (ESI/MS-MS) profiles revealed the presence of 11 different anthocyanins. The two major pigments (56.4-73.0% total area range at 520 nm) were identified as delphinidin 3-glucoside-5-acetylrhamnoside and delphinidin 3-sophoroside-5-acetylrhamnoside. Other pigments were delphinidin 3-glucoside-5-rhamnoside, delphinidin 3-sophoroside-5-rhamnoside, delphinidin 3-glucoside, cyanidin 3-sophoroside, and cyanidin 3-sophoroside-5-rhamnoside. Cyanidin 3-glucoside and cyanidin 3-rutinoside were only found in two genotypes, while pelargonidin 3-sophoroside and pelargonidin 3-sophoroside-5-rhamnoside were only found in the third one. Anthocyanins from mashua were the major contributors to the total ABTS values for only one of the three genotypes, suggesting that other phenolics present are playing a major role in the antioxidant power of mashua tubers. Results from this study provide important information for the Nutraceutical and Functional Food Market for the use of mashua anthocyanins not only as a source of natural colorants but also as a source of phytonutrients.  相似文献   

12.
This investigation was conducted to determine the structures and amounts of anthocyanins obtained from seed coats of kidney bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) cultivated in Korea. Anthocyanins in the seed coat of kidney bean were extracted with 1% HCl/20% CH(3)OH, and the crude anthocyanin extracts were purified by semipreparative HPLC. Five major anthocyanins were isolated, and their chemical structures were identified by spectroscopic methods (UV-vis, LC/ES-MS, and 1H and 13C NMR). The structures of these five anthocyanins were elucidated as cyanidin 3,5-diglucoside, delphinidin 3-glucoside, cyanidin 3-glucoside, petunidin 3-glucoside, and pelargonidin 3-glucoside. Using RP-HPLC with photodiode array detection, each of the five anthocyanins was separated within 12 min by using a gradient elution. It was proved that the application of RP-HPLC could be an excellent method for determining the composition and contents of anthocyanins in kidney bean. The preponderance of pelargonidin 3-glucoside and delphinidin 3-glucoside are observed in red and black kidney beans, respectively. However, in this study, it is reported for the first time that the contents and composition of anthocyanins in speckled seed depend on the classes of speckle color. The contents of cyanidin 3,5-diglucoside, delphinidin 3-glucoside, cyanidin 3-glucoside, petunidin 3-glucoside, pelargonidin 3-glucoside, and total anthocyanins in seed coats of 16 kidney beans cultivated in Korea were in the ranges of 0-0.04, 0-2.61, 0-0.12, 0-0.17, 0-0.59 and 0-2.78 mg/g of dried seed coats, respectively.  相似文献   

13.
Black currant fruits are recognized as being an important dietary source of health-related compounds, such as anthocyanins and ascorbic acid. In the present study, the biochemical composition (viz., nonstructural carbohydrates, individual anthocyanins, total anthocyanins, total phenolics, and organic acids, including ascorbic acid) from 17 UK-grown black currant cultivars was analyzed. Berry composition was significantly affected by genotype. Nonstructural carbohydrates ranged from 85.09 to 179.92 mg g(-1) on a fresh weight (FW) basis, while concentration for organic acids ranged from 36.56 to 73.35 mg g(-1) FW. Relative concentrations of cyanidin 3-glucoside, cyanidin 3-rutinoside, delphinidin 3-glucoside and delphinidin 3-rutinoside were 3.1-7.9%, 35.4-47.0%, 7.6-12.5% and 36.9-50.9%, respectively. Differences in the biochemical profile among cultivars were emphasized by principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA). PCA was able to discriminate between cultivars, especially on the basis of health-related compounds. Initial exploration revealed that individual anthocyanins, total phenolics, and ascorbic acid could be used to characterize and classify different cultivars. HCA showed that the biochemical composition of the different cultivars was related to parentage information.  相似文献   

14.
Anthocyanins were detected in extracts from the peels of 123 accessions of eggplant (Solanum melongena) and its related species. Their anthocyanin profiles were classified into four types, including known Japanese eggplant type (type 1) and non-Japanese eggplant type (type 2). Although most of the eggplant accessions had one of the two known profiles, one accession had a novel profile (type 3). Two accessions of related species showed another novel profile (type 4). The major anthocyanins were identified as delphinidin 3-(p-coumaroylrutinoside)-5-glucoside (nasunin) (type 1), delphinidin 3-rutinoside (type 2), delphinidin 3-glucoside (type 3), and petunidin 3-(p-coumaroylrutinoside)-5-glucoside (petunidin 3RGc5G) (type 4). Delphinidin 3-caffeoylrutinoside-5-glucoside (delphinidin 3RGcaf5G) was isolated from the hybrid (F1) plants of a type 1 cultivar and a type 3 germplasm. Among the five purified anthocyanins, delphinidin 3RGcaf5G showed the highest radical-scavenging activities toward both 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical and linoleic acid radical, followed in order by nasunin and petunidin 3RGc5G.  相似文献   

15.
The effect of cultivation practices on fruit quality and antioxidant capacity in highbush blueberries var. Bluecrop (Vaccinium corymbosum L.) was evaluated from random samples of commercial late harvest fields in New Jersey. Results from this study showed that blueberry fruit grown from organic culture yielded significantly higher sugars (fructose and glucose), malic acid, total phenolics, total anthocyanins, and antioxidant activity (ORAC) than fruit from the conventional culture. In organically cultured fruit, the average values for the ORAC, total anthocyanins, and total phenolic content were 46.14 micromol of Trolox (TE)/g of fresh weight (fwt), 131.2 mg/100 g of fwt, and 319.3 mg/100 g of fwt, respectively. In conventionally cultured fruit, the average values for the ORAC, total anthocyanin, and total phenol content were 30.8 micromol of TE/g of fwt, 82.4 mg/100 g of fwt, and 190.3 mg/100 g of fwt, respectively. The organic culture also produced fruit with higher contents of myricetin 3-arabinoside, quercetin 3-glucoside, delphinidin 3-galactoside, delphinidin 3-glucoside, delphinidin 3-arabinoside, petunidin 3-galactoside, petunidin 3-glucoside, and malvidin 3-arabinoside than conventional culture. There was a significant correlation between the ORAC values and total phenolics and total anthocyanins. These results indicate that even though there were variations in phytonutrient content among individual farms within each cultural system, significant differences between two cultivation practices were evident.  相似文献   

16.
Phenolics in black soybean seed coat (BSSC) are considered to be responsible for the health benefits of black soybean. BSSCs of 60 Chinese varieties were examined for phenolic contents, anthocyanin profiles, and antioxidant activity. Total phenolic and condensed tannin contents ranged from 512.2 to 6057.9 mg gallic acid equivalents/100 g and from 137.2 to 1741.1 mg (+)-catechin equivalents/100 g, respectively. Six anthocyanins (delphinidin-3-glucoside, cyanidin-3-galactoside, cyanidin-3-glucoside, petunidin-3-glucoside, peonidin-3-glucoside, and malvidin-3-glucoside) were detected by HPLC. Total anthocyanin contents (TAC) were from 98.8 to 2132.5 mg/100 g, and cyanidin-3-glucoside was the most abundant anthocyanin in all varieties, with a distribution of 48.8-94.1% of TAC. Antioxidant properties detected by DPPH, FRAP, and ORAC methods all showed wide variations ranging from 4.8 to 65.3 μg/100 mL (expressed as EC(50)), from 17.5 to 105.8 units/g, and from 42.5 to 1834.6 μmol Trolox equivalent/g, respectively. Sixty varieties were classified into four groups by hierarchical clustering analysis, and group 4 consisting of nine varieties had the highest phytochemicals content and antioxidant activity.  相似文献   

17.
针对设施菜地长期连作带来的土壤退化问题,研究不同种类农业废弃物(麦秸、稻壳及菌渣)还田对设施青椒光合色素含量、产量及品质的影响,以了解农业废弃物利用的可行性。结果表明:麦秸、稻壳及菌渣还田可以有效提高光合色素含量和抗氧化酶(超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化物酶、过氧化氢酶)活性,降低丙二醛含量,其中叶绿素含量以菌渣处理(T3)最高,为1.045 3 mg/g FW;类胡萝卜素含量以稻壳+麦秸处理(T4)最高,为0.257 8 mg/g FW;Chl.a/Chl.b值、Chl.(a+b)/Car.值均以菌渣处理(T3)最大,分别为3.22、4.12。此外,农业废弃物还田可以有效抑制青椒果实中类黄酮和花青素色素的形成。菌渣处理(T3)下的果实可溶性糖与Vc含量最高,分别较对照处理(T7)增加81.20%、15.84%,可溶性蛋白质和游离氨基酸蛋白质含量分别以稻壳+麦秸处理(T4)、稻壳处理(T1)最高。结果还显示,多种农业废弃物配施的青椒产量低于单一施入;菌渣单施处理(T3)产量最高,达48 255.75 kg/hm~2。  相似文献   

18.
菌糠搭载硫酸铝对盐碱地稻田养分状况的影响研究   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  
基于盐碱地稻作改良,菌糠、Al_2(SO_4)_3各具优势。以大安市盐碱地稻田为供试对象,共设置菌糠搭载Al_2(SO_4)_3、菌糠、Al_2(SO_4)_3改良剂、单施化肥和池梗地对照五个处理,分别从水稻栽植前及当季生产结束后对盐碱地养分状况进行对比分析。结果表明:与对照相比,基于灌水泡田,四个改良处理均能够迅速提升盐碱地稻田有机质、有效磷的含量,Al_2(SO_4)_3、菌糠及单一化肥施入短期内即可促进稻田全磷、全钾含量的提升,搭载Al_2(SO_4)_3的菌糠尽管对两者影响不大,但能缓解碱解氮的流失;历经水稻生育期,菌糠及其配施Al_2(SO_4)_3以及单一化肥施入的三个处理均能有效促进盐碱地稻田有机质的矿化,反之,Al_2(SO_4)_3改良剂更利于有机质含量的累积;在此过程,各改良处理条件下的全磷含量均有所增加,但碱解氮含量均有消耗,其中,以菌糠搭载Al_2(SO_4)_3处理的效果更为明显;在水稻生产过后,与对照相比,单施化肥及菌糠施入能够对稻田全钾含量有所促进,而单施化肥及Al_2(SO_4)_3改良剂处理能够加速有效磷的消耗,与此同时,菌糠搭载Al_2(SO_4)_3、Al_2(SO_4)_3改良剂及单施化肥的三个处理更有利于速效钾含量的累积。  相似文献   

19.
Plants in which growth was reduced by low and high Al applications were designated as Al-sensitive plant (Hordeum vulgare) and Al-medium tolerant plants (Leucaena leucocephala, Ischaemum barbatum, Stylosanthes guianensis, and Fagopyrum esculentum), respectively, while plants in which growth was not affected or was stimulated by Al application were designated as Al-tolerant plant (Brachiaria ruziziensis) and Al-stimulated plants (Melastoma malabathricum, Melaleuca cajuputi, Acacia mangium, Hydrangea macrophyila, Vaccinium macrocarpon, Polygonum sachalinense, and Oryza sativa), respectively. Plants tolerant to or stimulated by Al were further classified based on the criteria of Al accumulation: 1) Al-excluders such as M. cajuputi, A. mangium, L. leucocephala, I. barbatum, S. guianensis, and O. sativa, 2) Al root-accumulators such as V. màcrocarpon, B. ruziziensis, and P. sachalinense, and 3) Al-accumulators such as M. malabathricum, H. macrophylla, and F. esculentum. The growth and N, P, and K uptake in M. malabathricum, M. cajuputi, A. mangium, L. leucocephala, H. macrophylla, V. macrocarpon, I. barbatum, P. sachalinense, F. esculentum, and O. sativa were stimulated by Al application, especially P uptake, while in H. vulgare (Al-sensitive plant) they were reduced by Al application. Ca and Mg uptake of many plants was inhibited by Al application, while that of some plants adapted to low pH soils was not affected at all (Ca and Mg: M. cajuputi, H. macrophylla, V. macrocarpon, I. barbatum, and S. guianensis; Mg: B. ruziziensis and P. sachalinense). In M. malabathricum, the relationship between Al and Ca (or Mg) was antagonistic because the Ca and Mg contents decreased by Al application even though dry matter, N, P, and K accumulation was stimulated by Al application. Plants adapted to low pH soils grew poorly in the no-Al treatment. Since the effect of the pH on plant growth was less conspicuous than that of Al, growth stimulation by Al application was ascribed not only to the alleviation of H+ toxicity but also to the increase of root activity such as P uptake.  相似文献   

20.
茶树对可溶性有机和无机态氮的吸收与运转特性   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
【目的】 揭示亚热带茶树能否直接吸收利用分子态可溶性有机氮,探讨茶树吸收可溶性有机和无机氮后的运转特性差异。【方法】 采用13C、15N双标记甘氨酸、15N标记硫酸铵和15N标记硝酸钾为同位素示踪剂,采用茶树（黄金桂）幼苗为试验材料进行同位素示踪盆栽试验,用同位素质谱仪测定茶树植株地上和地下部的13C、15N丰度。【结果】 供试土壤施用13C、15N双标记甘氨酸态有机氮后,2 h和6 h茶苗地下部和整株中的13C增量/15N增量比值均接近于1:1的理论值;2 h和6 h茶苗地上部未检出13C增量,而72 h地上部13C增量达0.284 μmol/（g,DW）;施用铵态氮2 h、6 h和72 h茶苗地下部、地上部和整株中的15N增量均极显著高于施用硝态氮和甘氨酸态有机氮;施用铵态氮6 h茶苗地上部15N增量/地下部15N增量比率分别比硝态氮和甘氨酸态有机氮的比率高34.7%和65.0%,72 h茶苗地上部15N增量/地下15N增量比率分别比硝态氮和甘氨酸态有机氮的比率高88.6%和133.0%,差异均达极显著水平。【结论】 黄金桂茶苗具有从土壤中直接吸收利用甘氨酸分子态有机氮的能力,但吸收量不及铵态氮和硝态氮;吸收的可溶性分子态有机氮可以从茶树根系运转至地上部;不同形态氮素在茶树植株体内的迁移能力高低表现为:铵态氮>硝态氮>甘氨酸态氮,该研究结果进一步证明陆地生态系统植物直接吸收利用可溶性有机氮是普遍存在的现象。  相似文献   

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