共查询到17条相似文献，搜索用时 203 毫秒
1.
【目的】研究硅酸钠与亚硒酸钠对旱稻叶片表面硅化细胞结构及其体内抗氧化物质的影响,为干旱地区富硒旱稻高产栽培提供理论依据。【方法】田间试验在新疆石河子进行,设置基施硒肥0、7.2 kg/hm2 (Se0、Se)两个硒水平,基施硅肥0、250、500 kg/hm2 (Si0、Si250、Si500) 3个硅水平,共计6个处理,供试硅肥和硒肥为分析纯硅酸钠和亚硒酸钠。在旱稻分蘖、孕穗、齐穗和灌浆中期,取叶片样品和根系样品测定丙二醛含量、抗氧化保护酶活性及叶片叶绿素(SPAD值)含量,齐穗期测定叶片中可溶性蛋白、可溶性糖和非酶类抗氧化物质含量,并观察叶片表面微观结构,成熟期测定旱稻稻米硒含量、产量和品质等指标,以明确施硅对旱稻生理特性、硒吸收及品质的影响。【结果】与Se0-Si0相比,施硅后水稻叶片表面松散的硅化细胞排列更加整齐均匀,形成梯状硅质体,提高了机械强度;施硅显著增加了旱稻叶片气孔开度和叶绿素含量,以Se0-Si500处理叶绿素含量最高,各生育期较Se0-Si0增加10.9%～16.9%;施硅提高了旱稻抗氧化能力,Se0-Si500处理各生... 相似文献
2.
叶面喷施锌硒肥对谷子抗氧化酶活性及籽粒锌硒含量的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
3.
外源硒矿粉对玉米硒累积及矿质元素吸收的影响 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：3
【目的】通过生物强化的方法获得生物安全形态的有机硒,是实现人体科学补硒的重要途径。研究外源硒矿粉在生产中的合理施用量及其对作物的影响,可为富硒农产品生产提供理论与技术指导。【方法】以玉米为试材,以湖北恩施的富硒矿粉(总硒含量为180 mg/kg)为硒源进行田间试验,研究了玉米对外源硒的吸收与转化及施硒对玉米矿质元素吸收的影响。设5个施硒处理: Se 0 (CK)、 750 (Se1)、 1500 (Se2)、 2250 (Se3) 和3000 g/hm2 (Se4)。于玉米大喇叭口期和成熟期取样,测定玉米不同部位总硒含量以及玉米籽粒中总硒、 有机硒及矿质元素含量。【结果】土壤施用富硒矿粉对玉米籽粒产量和总生物量没有显著影响,但可显著增加玉米籽粒及各器官硒含量。随硒施用量由0增加到3000 g/hm2,玉米籽粒中硒含量由14.2 μg/kg 增加到350.3 μg/kg。除Se2处理外,玉米根系中的硒含量在收获期高于抽穗期,而玉米茎和叶中的硒含量在收获期低于抽穗期。玉米不同器官对硒的富集能力依次为根叶籽粒茎,而玉米对硒的转移系数大小顺序亦为叶籽粒茎。与对照相比,施硒使玉米籽粒中有机硒含量显著增加,不同施硒处理玉米籽粒中有机硒含量范围为12.9~302.6 μg/kg,随土壤施硒量增加,有机硒占总硒的比例从86.87%增加到90.84%,不同处理之间有机硒所占比例差异不显著。玉米籽粒总硒、 有机硒与各器官硒含量之间均表现出显著的相关性,其中籽粒中有机硒与不同生育期根中硒含量达到极显著相关水平。施硒可显著抑制玉米籽粒对Na的吸收,对K、 Ca、 Mg、 Fe 的吸收无显著影响,一定的施硒水平下,可促进玉米籽粒对Mn、 Cu、 Zn的吸收。【结论】施用外源硒矿粉对玉米生物量与籽粒产量无显著影响。随施硒量增加,玉米籽粒中总硒含量和有机硒含量与对照相比显著增加,但对玉米籽粒中的有机硒与总硒的比例没有显著影响。一定施硒水平下,可促进玉米籽粒对Mn、 Cu、 Zn的吸收。以纯硒施用量为750~1500 g/hm2作为硒矿粉在富硒玉米生产中的推荐施硒量。 相似文献
4.
土壤增施蛋氨酸硒对厚皮甜瓜生理特性和品质的影响 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
【目的】本研究探究了蛋氨酸硒对厚皮甜瓜生长与生理特性的调控作用,硒在厚皮甜瓜中的富集效益,以及硒在土壤中的变化趋势。【方法】以‘M135’厚皮甜瓜为试材,蛋氨酸硒为硒源,采用盆栽试验,以土壤本底硒为对照,通过向土壤中增施蛋氨酸硒使土壤中的总硒含量分别增加4、 10和16 mg/kg,研究了蛋氨酸硒对厚皮甜瓜生长、 产量、 光合特性、 产品品质及果肉硒含量的影响,对厚皮甜瓜不同组织器官中总硒含量的影响,以及对土壤中不同形态硒含量变化的影响。【结果】施硒4、 10和16 mg/kg均可显著提高甜瓜叶片光合色素含量、 叶片光合速率、 植株生长量以及甜瓜产量; 另外,不同浓度施硒处理还显著提高了果肉中有机硒、 无机硒、 可溶性糖、 可溶性蛋白、 游离氨基酸和维生素C的含量,并以10 mg/kg施硒处理的效果最佳。10 mg/kg施硒处理的单株产量比对照提高了19.53%,果肉中的可溶性糖、 可溶性蛋白、 游离氨基酸和维生素C的含量比对照分别提高了14.82%、 49.88%、 23.42%和25.03%,果肉中硒的总含量为44.74 μg/kg,其中有机硒含量36.87 μg/kg,占到总硒含量的82.91%,达到富硒标准。进一步的研究发现,虽然果肉中硝酸还原酶活力、 硝酸盐和亚硝酸盐含量均随施硒浓度的增加而增加,但4、 10和16 mg/kg施硒处理后的亚硝酸盐含量分别为1.499、 1.907和2.131 mg/kg,均远低于国家标准的上限(20 mg/kg)。对施硒后厚皮甜瓜不同组织器官中硒含量的研究发现,厚皮甜瓜各组织器官(根、 茎、 叶柄、 叶、 果皮、 果肉和种子)的总硒含量也随施硒浓度的增加而增加。对根、 茎、 叶柄和叶的比较发现,在未增施蛋氨酸硒时叶中的硒含量最高,其次为根、 茎和叶柄; 而增施蛋氨酸硒后则表现为根中最多,其次为茎、 叶和叶柄。对果皮、 果肉和种子的比较发现,各处理果实内各组织的总硒含量均表现为种子中最多,其次为果肉和果皮。对施硒后土壤中不同形态硒含量的研究发现,定植后未施蛋氨酸硒的上层土壤中总硒、 无机态Se6+的含量均呈下降趋势,土壤中有机硒和无机态Se4+的含量变化不大; 4、 10和16 mg/kg施硒处理的土壤中有机硒、 总硒以及无机态Se4+含量都呈先下降后趋于平缓的趋势,而无机态Se6+的含量则呈先上升后下降的趋势。【结论】土壤增施蛋氨酸硒后提高了厚皮甜瓜果肉的硒含量,增强了光合能力,促进了厚皮甜瓜植株的生长,从而提高了产量和综合品质,其适宜的土壤施硒浓度为10 mg/kg。 相似文献
5.
采用盆栽试验研究硒钴配施对冬小麦产量及籽粒中粗蛋白、淀粉及硒、钴含量的影响.结果表明:单施硒或单施钴均可以提高小麦的产量,硒钴配施中,以低浓度(2 mg/kg)钴与低浓度(0.5mg/kg)硒配施处理对产量促进作用最明显,提高了29.7％.单施硒、低浓度的钴或低浓度的钴与硒配施及高浓度的钴与中低浓度的硒配施可显著提高冬小麦籽粒中粗蛋白含量.中浓度的硒与中低浓度的钴配施,对籽粒中淀粉含量有明显的促进作用,高浓度的硒处理与低浓度的钴处理配施促进作用最明显,比对照提高了27.5％.说明中低浓度的硒钴配施可作为改善冬小麦籽粒品质的一条有效途径.单施Se和单施Co及Se、Co配施均可提高小麦籽粒中的Co含量.单施Se,籽粒中硒含量随施硒量的增加显著提高;单施钴时,低浓度的钴有利于籽粒中硒含量的提高,而高浓度的钴则降低了籽粒中硒的含量.硒钴配施处理中,低浓度的钴与各浓度的硒处理均有利于籽粒中硒的积累,中高浓度的钴与中低浓度的硒配施能提高籽粒中硒的含量,以Co3Se2(Co浓度4 mg/kg,Se浓度0.5mg/kg)提高最多,达0.274 mg/kg,比对照提高了238.27％,而高浓度的硒钴配施则有明显的抑制作用.综合考虑对小麦产量、蛋白质、淀粉及硒含量的影响,建议最佳硒钴配施应该是Co2Se3,即Co浓度2mg/kg和Se浓度1 mg/kg配施. 相似文献
6.
氮素对不同生育期小麦植株累积硒的影响 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
【目的】施用氮肥是农业生产上最重要的增产措施之一,但增施氮肥对不同生育期小麦植株中硒累积、 转运和分配的影响尚不明确。本研究通过盆栽试验研究不同氮水平对小麦生长过程中植株各器官硒累积的影响,为合理施氮提高小麦硒含量提供理论参考。【方法】 试验设置N 100 mg/kg和200 mg/kg 两个水平,每个氮水平设置低硒 (Se 0.81 mg/kg)和高硒 (Se 5.02 mg/kg) 处理,分别在小麦苗期、 拔节期、 孕穗期、 抽穗期、 扬花期、 灌浆期和成熟期取样,分析不同生育期小麦对土壤外源硒的吸收速率,探讨不同硒水平下施氮量对小麦各器官硒累积、 转运和分配的影响。【结果】 1)与低氮相比,高氮促进了小麦籽粒产量增加,低硒的促进作用大于高硒,低硒和高硒时的高氮处理小麦籽粒产量较低氮处理分别提高了21.7%和13.7%。低硒时的高氮处理能提高小麦穗(特别是籽粒)和老叶中的硒含量,籽粒和颖壳硒含量较低氮处理分别提高了31.2%和13.6%,但高硒时高氮处理却导致小麦各器官(特别是籽粒和根)中硒含量下降,其中籽粒和根部硒含量较低氮处理分别下降了13.2%和17.8%。 2)相同硒水平下,高氮处理小麦根部硒占植株总硒的比例较低氮处理下降了约1/4; 在营养生长阶段,低硒时高氮处理能促进硒向小麦地上部转运,而在生殖生长阶段其能促进硒从小麦茎叶向颖壳和籽粒中转运,使得籽粒中硒占总硒比例提高了18.4%; 但高硒时高氮处理却促进硒从茎叶转运到颖壳中,致使籽粒中硒占总硒比例下降了8.0%。3)小麦根部硒含量在苗期和拔节期,抽穗期和扬花期之间增长幅度最大,说明此期间是小麦硒吸收的敏感期。【结论】小麦硒含量因生育期和外源硒水平的不同而异,施氮量也影响着小麦硒累积、 转运和分配。增施氮肥能提高硒的利用效率,建议低硒地区农业生产中补硒时要结合氮的合理施用。 相似文献
7.
为研究磷硒配施对冬小麦根土界面硒有效性及形态分级的影响,并探究磷硒配施提高土壤硒有效性的可能机制,以冬小麦为试验材料进行根箱培养试验,设置0(P0)、80(P80)、160 mg·kg-1(P160)3个磷水平和0(Se0)、1 mg·kg-1(Se1)2个硒水平,分析冬小麦植株磷硒含量、累积量、迁移系数及根际和非根际土5种硒形态含量。结果表明,无论施硒与否,随着磷含量的增加,冬小麦生物量、地上部和根系磷含量均增大。施硒1 mg·kg-1显著降低了P80和P160水平下冬小麦生物量、P160水平下根系磷含量及各部位磷累积量。在Se1条件下,施磷增加了各部位硒累积量,但显著降低了地上部硒含量和硒从根系向地上部的迁移系数。在Se0条件下,P160处理增加了根际土壤和非根际土壤中的可交换态硒含量。在Se1条件下,P160处理根际土壤中可交换态硒含量显著高于非根际土壤,但铁锰氧化物结合态硒和残渣态硒含量低于非根际土壤。综上所述,适宜的磷硒配施可影响土壤中各种硒形态的转化过程,可能是由于磷的施入和根系活动共同作用促进了土壤中铁锰氧... 相似文献
8.
叶面喷施硒肥对小麦籽粒及面粉硒含量的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为了探明叶面喷施硒肥对小麦籽粒及制粉各粉路硒含量的影响,本研究选用4个小麦品种,在拔节和抽穗期分2次喷施0.017%亚硒酸钠叶面肥,并对成熟期籽粒进行制粉,分析各粉路的总硒、无机硒和有机硒含量。结果表明,叶面喷硒对小麦籽粒和面粉的总硒、有机硒和无机硒含量的影响存在品种间差异。喷施硒肥后,4个小麦品种籽粒的总硒含量提高了26.4~35.8倍,但小麦籽粒产量无显著变化。皮磨粉、心磨粉、统粉、小麸和大麸5种粉路中,小麸的总硒含量最高,其次为大麸,皮磨粉、心磨粉和统粉的总硒含量较低。与硬质小麦相比,软质小麦出粉率低,面粉的总硒量损失较多。经制粉,对照和喷硒样本的总硒积累量分别损失52.97%~69.28%和36.73%~44.51%。对照样本中,各粉路的有机硒含量略高于无机硒含量;而喷硒处理样品中,除宁麦20的小麸外,各粉路的有机硒含量均略低于无机硒含量。本研究揭示了制粉粉路硒分布规律,这对于富硒小麦的加工利用具有重要的指导作用。 相似文献
9.
富硒花生品种筛选及外源调控花生富硒生产技术研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
本研究通过田间试验,测定不同花生品种的自然富硒能力及对外源硒的利用指数,然后通过施用外源硒,研究不同调控措施对花生籽粒硒含量及外源硒利用率的影响,为富硒花生生产提供技术参考。研究结果表明:自然条件下,12个花生品种春花生籽粒的硒含量在0.041～0.180 mg/kg,秋花生籽粒的硒含量在0.039～0.066 mg/kg,外源硒的利用指数为2.3～3.7。施用外源硒肥均能显著提高花生籽粒硒含量,含硒肥料基施、淋施和叶面喷施情况下,花生籽粒对外源硒的利用率分别为0.056%～0.064%、0.23%～0.25%和3.74%～4.99%。可见,不同花生品种间硒的富集能力和对外源硒利用能力均有差异,而叶面喷施的硒肥施用方式下花生对外源硒的利用率最高。 相似文献
10.
天然富硒土壤上三种蔬菜对硒的吸收与转化差异 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
11.
Sucheta Sharma Rahul Gupta D. Singh 《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2016,47(2):203-212
In a greenhouse experiment, wheat cultivars PDW 291, PBW 550, and TL 2908 were grown in alkaline sandy-loam soil treated with sodium selenate at 0, 2, and 4 mg selenium (Se) kg?1 soil. Selenate-treated wheat plants accumulated greater Se in roots, stems, leaves, and grains and showed growth retardation, snow-white chlorosis, decreased shoot length and chlorophyll, and reduced leaf area and produced less number of grains as compared to control plants. Maximum reduction in these parameters was observed in selenate-treated TL 2908 plants and most of the plants died before maturity with almost no grain formation with 4 mg Se kg?1 soil. Selenium accumulation resulted in decreased reducing sugar, starch, and protein contents in grains whereas total free amino acids increased significantly in all the three cultivars. Selenium accumulation in wheat showed metabolic disturbances and its accumulation in grains was beyond toxic levels, thus making it unfit for consumption. 相似文献
12.
不同价态硒缓解小油菜镉胁迫的生理机制 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
13.
Zhaojun Nie Jiaojiao Zhu Jinfeng Li Hongen Liu Peng Zhao Wei Gao Shiyu Qin Chang Li Wenwen Zhang Fuqing Sui 《植物养料与土壤学杂志》2020,183(3):282-291
A deficiency or excess of selenium (Se) can cause disease in the human body, and the dietary intake of organic forms of Se is considered the preferable way to satisfy the Se demand in humans. P application decreases Se uptake and thus also Se concentrations in grains of crops, but little is known about how the P application level may affect the organic forms of Se in the grain of winter wheat. A pot trial with three P levels (0, 80, and 160 mg P kg?1 soil) and three Se levels (0, 0.5, and 1 mg Se kg?1 soil) was conducted to investigate the effect of P application on inorganic and organic Se forms, Se bound to protein, polysaccharide, and nucleic acid as well as Se in different protein fractions in the grain of winter wheat. Overall, the concentrations of total Se, and of Se in all analyzed forms, increased with increasing Se application regardless of the rate of P application. In the absence of Se, P application did not have a significant effect on the concentrations of any of the measured Se forms. However, in the presence of Se, increasing P application significantly decreased the concentration of Se of each form. The different rates of P and Se application influenced the proportion of each form of Se in different ways. Increasing levels of P application decreased the concentration of each form of Se in the grain of winter wheat, most likely by a combination of a dilution effect due to enhanced grain yield, and an inhibited Se uptake. Despite an overall decrease in grain Se‐protein, P application might improve the quality of wheat flour by enhancing the accumulation of Se in organic forms such as Se‐nucleic acids and Se‐polysaccharides, as well as the Se in the gliadin and glutenin fractions in the grain. 相似文献
14.
Maja S. Manojlović Zdenko Lončarić Ranko R. Cabilovski Brigita Popović Krunoslav Karalić Vladimir Ivezić 《Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B - Plant Soil Science》2013,63(8):715-724
ABSTRACTBiofortification experiments with three winter wheat cultivars treated with sodium selenate through foliar- and soil-fertilisation were conducted at two locations in Croatia and Serbia in two consecutive years to increase the selenium (Se) concentration in bread-making wheat grain. The treatments were: (a) 5?g?ha?1 Se foliar-, (b) 10?g?ha?1 Se foliar- and (c) 10?g?ha?1 Se in soil surface-application and they were compared with (d) control. Both Se foliar- and soil-fertilisation increased the Se concentration in grains from 2.6- to 4.6-fold. The concentration in grain was highest with Se foliar-fertilisation of 10?g?ha?1 and it was increased by 29–32?µg Se kg?1 dry weight for each gram of Se applied per ha. The wheat cultivars differed in grain yield and Se uptake (g?ha?1 Se). However, on average, there were no differences between wheat cultivars with respect to Se grain concentrations. Agronomic use efficiency (by grain) was significantly higher for Se foliar- (19%) than for soil-fertilisation (13%). It can be concluded that agronomic biofortification of winter wheat can be effective in increasing Se grain concentration, where the efficiency depends on the rate of Se applied, application method and local environmental conditions rather than on cultivar differences. 相似文献
15.
The quality of many baked products, noodles, gravies, and thickeners is related to the pasting properties of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) flour, yet different flours vary markedly in their pasting performance. The objective of the present research was to assess the role of the wheat flour fractions, gluten, water solubles, prime and tailing starches, in the contribution to peak hot paste viscosity among three selected wheat cultivars. Straight-grade flours were fractionated and reconstituted. Fractions were examined independently and were deleted in otherwise fully reconstituted flours. Fractions were exchanged between cultivars for reconstituting flours, and fractions were substituted individually into a common starch base. The flours from the cultivars Klasic, McKay, and Madsen differed markedly in their peak hot paste viscosities, and were fractionated and reconstituted with only a small effect on paste viscosity. Results clearly showed that prime starch was the primary determinate of flour paste viscosity, but the other fractions all exerted a significant effect. Tailing starch increased paste viscosity directly due to pasting capacity of starch or indirectly through competition for water. Gluten also increased paste viscosity through competition for water. The water-soluble fraction from different cultivar flours was more variable in effect. 相似文献
16.
弄清宜章县耕地土壤硒含量及其空间分布和影响因素，对掌握区域内耕地富硒程度、开发特色富硒农产品和保障人体健康具有重大意义。采用网格布点、野外调查采样、分析测定、GS+半方差函数模型、克里金插值研究了宜章县耕地土壤硒含量及其空间分布特征；结合SPSS软件进行相关性分析和方差分析，揭示了土壤硒含量的影响因素。研究结果表明，（1）宜章县耕层土壤硒含量平均值0.64mg/kg，变幅为0.13~2.80mg/kg，变异系数为44.57%，属中等变异程度，耕地土壤富硒面积占比达到97.8%，；（2）土壤硒含量呈聚集性分布，中部有一条自东北向南从玉溪镇经梅田镇、浆水镇、长村乡、一六镇、笆篱镇、天塘乡的中高富硒带，块金效应值为0.505，说明宜章县土壤硒空间自相关性程度为中等，土壤硒含量受空间结构因素（自然因素）和随机因素（人为因素）共同影响；（3）不同成土母质发育的土壤硒含量差异较大，板页岩发育的耕地土壤硒含量最高，平均硒含量达到0.76mg/kg；（4）不同土壤类型对硒含量有明显影响，潮土和黑色石灰土的土壤硒平均含量最高，均达到了0.68mg/kg，紫色土和黄壤硒含量较低，平均硒含量分别只有0.54mg/kg和0.53mg/kg；（5）相关分析表明:土壤硒含量与pH呈显著负相关，与有机质、锰、铜、锌和CEC显著正相关；在富硒农产品开发时，需考虑土壤硒含量分布特征，并结合相应土壤管理、科学施肥、农艺措施等进行。 相似文献
17.
Lintschinger J Fuchs N Moser J Kuehnelt D Goessler W 《Journal of agricultural and food chemistry》2000,48(11):5362-5368
The selenium supply in almost all European countries, including Austria and Germany, is below the recommended daily intake. In these countries, selenium fortification of foods and the use of selenium supplements are quite popular to compensate for low Se intake from diets. In general, wheat (Triticum aestivum) is known to be a good source for bioavailable selenium, and many studies have been performed to enrich selenium in wheat by selenium fertilization of the soil. In the present work, the process of sprouting was investigated as an alternative to enrich selenium in wheat. Sprouting was chosen because it additionally improves the nutritional value of seeds, for example, by a higher vitamin content, a better quality of protein, and some other parameters. Wheat, alfalfa (Medicago sativa), and sunflower (Helianthus annuus) seeds were germinated for 5 and 7 days in solutions containing selenate. The selenium sensitivity of the sprouts was tested by measuring visible germination levels and seedling development. Uptake rates were studied by determination of total selenium using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Metabolism of the absorbed selenium was analyzed by determination of selenium species in extracts of the sprouts using anion exchange HPLC coupled to ICP-MS. It was shown that sunflower sprouts were the most resistant and had the highest uptake rates (up to 900 mg/kg), but almost 100% of the selenium was extracted with water and found to be nonmetabolized selenate. Wheat and alfalfa were less resistant and enriched selenium up to concentrations of 100 and 150 mg of Se/kg of dry mass, respectively. The metabolism of the selenate was inversely related to the total uptake rates. At low Se enrichment (approximately 1-2 mg of Se/kg), <20% of the total selenium content within the sprouts remained as inorganic selenium, indicating a high metabolism rate. With increasing uptake the amount of selenate increased to approximately 40-50%. However, with the method used it is possible to produce sprouts containing certain amounts of selenium, which might provide substantial proportions of bioavailable selenium. In combination with the generally high nutritional value of sprouts, they might serve for production of improved cereal-based diets. 相似文献