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研究了不同浓度头孢氨苄(Cefalexin)对斑节对虾Penaeusmonodon幼体发育以及对斑节对虾育苗水体中异养菌总数和弧菌数量的影响。在试验初期,无论是对照组还是施用头孢氨苄的各试验组,育苗水体中的总异养菌数量和弧菌数量都呈现出较为明显的上升趋势;在第二次施用头孢氨苄后,各试验组的异养菌总数和弧菌数量的增幅明显低于对照组(或出现异养菌总数和弧菌数量缓慢下降),而对照组异养菌总数和弧菌数量则呈现显著的上升。施用0.5～1.0μL·L-1头孢氨苄对育苗水体中的总异养菌有显著的杀灭及抑制作用,但对弧菌数量杀灭及抑制作用并不显著;施用1.5μL·L-1头孢氨苄对育苗水体中的总异养菌和弧菌数量的杀灭及抑制作用显著。当幼体变态发育至仔虾第8天(P8)时,对照组异养菌总数和弧菌数量分别达6.33×105和3.55×104CFU·mL-1,均远远高于试验组的异养菌总数和弧菌数量增长的幅度。试验组的幼体变态到P1期的时间,比对照组缩短了10h以上;试验组的成苗率也比对照组提高了3.2%～13.1%。 相似文献
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解淀粉芽孢杆菌对河蟹养殖水体中致病菌的抑制作用及对水质的调控作用 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为了解解淀粉芽孢杆菌(Bacillus amyloliquefaciens)对河蟹养殖水体中致病菌的抑制作用及对水质的调控作用,利用平板计数法考察细菌、芽孢数量的变化规律以及解淀粉芽孢杆菌对嗜水气单胞菌(Aeromonas hydrophila)和弧菌(Vibrio)的抑制作用,利用哈希试剂测定水体中COD、氨氮、总磷、总氮的含量,对解淀粉芽孢杆菌降解水体有害物质的情况进行研究。结果表明,试验组水体中的细菌总数和芽孢数显著高于对照组(P0.05)。在整个养殖期,对照组和试验组水体中嗜水气单胞菌的数量均无显著差异(P0.05);试验组水体中的弧菌数显著低于对照组(P0.05)。通过对水质指标的测定结果发现,在水体中投加解淀粉芽孢杆菌能显著降低氨氮、总氮、COD、总磷的含量(P0.05)。 相似文献
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产乳酸芽孢杆菌对对虾养殖水体水质的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
在温度(28±1)℃、盐度28下,将产乳酸芽孢杆菌制剂添加到养殖10尾凡纳滨对虾、容水200L的0.3m~3室内玻璃钢桶中,使芽孢杆菌终密度为10~4、10~5、10~6 cfu/mL,以无益生菌添加组为对照组。定期测定养殖水体中的氨氮、亚硝酸盐氮和硝酸盐氮的含量,以及总异养菌、弧菌和芽孢杆菌的数量。试验结果显示,试验结束时,添加芽孢杆菌各试验组养殖水体中氨氮、亚硝酸盐氮和弧菌的含量显著低于对照组(P0.05);添加高密度芽孢杆菌试验组(10~6 cfu/mL)养殖水体中总异养菌的数量显著高于对照组(P0.05);添加芽孢杆菌对养殖水体中的硝酸盐氮含量未产生显著的影响(P0.05);添加芽孢杆菌后养殖水体中的芽孢杆菌数量在第4d后会出现下降趋势。试验还发现,在养殖后期初次投入芽孢杆菌时会引起养殖水体中氨氮含量的短期升高。试验结果表明,芽孢杆菌能改善对虾养殖水体水质,可作为益生菌用于对虾养殖中。 相似文献
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《渔业现代化》2021,(3)
为研究微滤机过滤对循环水养殖系统水体细菌群落结构的影响,分别在试验第1天、第30天和第60天对无微滤机的池A及微滤机过滤的池B两个养殖红鳍东方鲀(Takifugu rubripes)的循环水养殖系统采集水样,平板计数法测定养殖水体弧菌、异养细菌总数后,以荧光原位杂交法(FISH)检测养殖水体弧菌属(Vibrio)、红细菌科(Rhodobacteraceae)的空间分布。同时,采用16S rDNA扩增子测序对养殖水体细菌群落组成进行分析。计数结果显示,池A养殖水体弧菌总数均高于池B。除试验第1天外,池A养殖水体异养细菌总数亦均高于池B;FISH检测结果显示,随养殖时间的推移,弧菌数量增长迅速,池A养殖水体中弧菌属聚集成点状,而红细菌科依然较均匀地分布于养殖水体中,池B养殖水体中弧菌属、红细菌科均较均匀地分布于养殖水体中;16S rDNA扩增子测序结果显示,池A和池B养殖水体的细菌组成存在差异,池A养殖水体的弧菌属所占细菌总量的比例均显著高于池B;除试验第30天存在波动外,池A养殖水体的红细菌科所占细菌总量的比例显著低于池B;除试验第1天外,池A与池B养殖水体细菌丰度和多样性均无显著变化。同时初步研究表明系统运行至60 d左右,建议对微滤机滤膜进行更换或清洗。本研究初步揭示了微滤机使用与否对循环水养殖系统微生物种群结构的影响,可对循环水养殖系统的病害防控提供理论参考。 相似文献
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选取经食盐水浸浴10 d后平均体重为40 g左右的健康尼罗罗非鱼,随机分成两组,一组为对照组.另一组为试验组,每组设3个重复,每个重复30尾,饲养于水族箱中.试验组按3 g/m3水的添加量投放包膜硫酸钠/过氧化氢/氯化钠加合物,每2 d投放1次,试验期20 d,试验期间不换水,24 h增氧,每天两次投饵,不捞残饵,研究包膜硫酸钠/过氧化氢/氯化钠加合物对尼罗罗非鱼养殖水体的改善效果.结果表明,(1)试验组和对照组水体的溶氧和pH值没有明显的差异;试验组和对照组氨氮、亚硝酸盐氮和COD浓度均随着试验时间的延长而升高,相同时间点试验组水体氨氮、亚硝酸盐氮和COD浓度均低于对照组,其中氨氮在第12、15和20天达到显著水平(P＜0.05),亚硝酸盐氮和COD在第9、12、15和20天达到显著水平(P＜0.05);(2)与对照组相比,试验组养殖水体细菌数量显著降低(P＜0.05);(3)与对照组相比,试验组尼罗罗非鱼日增重、特定生长率和存活率分别提高40%(P＜0.05)、40.9%(P＜0.05)和14.2%(P＜0.05),饵料系数降低12.3%(P＜0.05). 相似文献
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在泥蚶养殖水体中（1000L）投喂浓度分别为1、5和10g微生态制剂（芽孢杆菌）,在30天的投喂期内,采用平板计数法检测底泥中、泥蚶体内的细菌总数和弧菌总数。结果表明,在投喂冻干菌粉后,养殖底泥和泥蚶体内菌群在前7天均呈明显上升趋势,7-30天内缓慢下降。由于芽孢杆菌的抑制作用,弧菌的数量下降,以泥蚶体内的弧菌最明显。芽孢杆菌对养殖底泥和泥蚶体内的细菌菌群影响很大,芽孢杆菌对养殖水体底泥和体内菌群的影响与抗生素具有相近的效果,表明芽孢杆菌作为饲料添加剂可以取代抗生素应用于泥蚶养殖。 相似文献
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2001年5~7月,在深圳东海岸水产公司南澳半封闭式斑节对虾Penaeus monodom精养基地,进行了有益微生物的应用对虾塘总异养细菌和弧菌数量影响的调查研究。结果表明,对虾养成过程中,施用有益微生物的实验组虾塘水体中总异养细菌和弧菌数量明显较未施用的对照组虾塘低,但各虾塘水体中总异养细菌和弧菌数量的变化特征基本相同,即在养殖前期,虾塘水体中总异养细菌和弧菌数量均较稳定,并处于相对较低的水平;而在养殖中、后期,总异养细菌和弧菌数量均急剧升高,尤以对照组虾塘的升幅最大,其弧菌数量甚至超过100×102CFU.mL-1的对虾发病之弧菌数量临界值。实验组与对照组虾塘中表层沉积物中,总异养细菌和弧菌数量差异不大,总异养细菌和弧菌数量变化特征也基本相同,但实验组与对照组之间有所差异,其中实验组表现为双峰型的变化特征,峰值出现在养殖前期或中期和养殖将结束时;对照组则呈单峰型变化,峰值均出现在养殖中期。有益微生物的应用对虾塘水体中总异养细菌和弧菌数量的抑制效果较对沉积环境中的效果明显。 相似文献
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Yousuke Taoka Hiroto Maeda Jae-Yoon Jo Min-Jee Jeon Sungchul C. Bai Won-Jae Lee Kazuya Yuge Shunsuke Koshio 《Fisheries Science》2006,72(2):310-321
ABSTRACT: Effects of probiotics on growth, stress tolerance and non-specific immune response in Japanese flounder Paralichthys olivaceus were evaluated in a closed recirculating system. Survival and growth of flounder treated by supplying commercial probiotics either in the diet (the probiotic diet group), or into the rearing water (the water supply group), were higher compared to the untreated group (the control group). Water quality parameters, pH, NH4 -N, NO2 -N and PO4 -P showed lower concentration in the probiotic diet group compared with the control group and the supply group. Plasma lysozyme activity in the probiotic diet group and the water supply group was significantly higher ( P < 0.05) than that in the control group. In heat shock stress tests, flounder in the probiotics-treated groups showed greater heat tolerance (measured by 50% lethal time, LT50) than the control group. Pathogen challenge tests with Vibrio anguillarum (2 × 107 c.f.u./mL) resulted in significantly higher survival in the probiotics-treated groups than the control group. Results indicated that probiotics supplied in the rearing water and the diet of fish enhanced the stress tolerance and the non-specific immune system of Japanese flounder, providing them a higher resistance against stress conditions and pathogens. 相似文献
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2009年1～6月间,测定分析了水族馆内淡水鱼饲养池的水质指标。分析结果表明：溶解氧和细菌总数存在显著的负相关关系（r=-0.360,P〈0.01,n=50）,霉菌和酵母菌数量与溶解氧也存在显著的负相关关系（r=-0.550,P〈0.01,n=50）,细菌总数与霉菌和酵母菌之间存在显著的正相关关系（r=0.568,P〈0.01,n=50）;选择浊度和细菌总数作为水族馆内鱼类饲养池水质评价的新指标。本文对主要水质指标的标准差进行了分析,标准差的大小反映了淡水鱼类饲养池的综合调控措施对各水质指标控制能力的强弱。利用单个或少数几个水质指标进行水质环境评价不能充分反映实际情况,应综合看待各指标包括其间的相关性和标准差等方面,对淡水养殖环境做出较为客观的、全面的和准确的分析。 相似文献
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Enhancing growth and resistance to Vibrio alginolyticus disease in catarina scallop (Argopecten ventricosus) with Bacillus and Lactobacillus probiotic strains during early development 
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下载免费PDF全文 Fernando Abasolo‐Pacheco Ángel I Campa‐Córdova José M Mazón‐Suástegui Dariel Tovar‐Ramírez Rubén Araya Pedro E Saucedo 《Aquaculture Research》2017,48(9):4597-4607
In bivalve aquaculture, selecting suitable probiotic treatments can be crucial for improving hatchery‐rearing of larvae and juveniles. We assessed the potential of five bacterial strains, previously selected in vitro, to improve survival, growth and resistance of catarina scallop Argopecten ventricosus during early and late larval and juvenile developmental stages, as well as during exposure to the pathogen Vibrio alginolyticus. Hatchery‐reared larvae and juveniles were treated with eight treatments of single or combined strains of Bacillus and Lactobacillus at 1 × 106 CFU mL?1 every 48 h for 9 days (larvae) and 21 days (juveniles). Compared with the control, significantly higher survival and growth in size and weight of early veliger larvae occurred with the antibiotic and the RL5 (Lactobacillus graminis) treatments. Significantly enhanced settlement of pediveliger larvae occurred with a different probiotic strain, the mix of Lactobacillus and Bacillus (MIX‐LB), while higher survival and growth of early juveniles occurred with C3 (Lactobacillus plantarum). The mix of Bacillus (MIX‐B) significantly increased survival of juveniles from V. alginolyticus after 120‐h infection, consistent with maximum activity of superoxide dismutase enzyme. In contrast, all untreated and infected scallops died by 96 h. The three Bacillus strains performed poorly when used as single treatments and when given to early developing larvae. Our results indicate that the action mechanism of probiotic strains is stage specific and strain specific, generating different responses by the host, including improved survival and growth (likely from better nutrient assimilation) and higher resistance against pathogens (possibly from strengthening the immune system). 相似文献
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Diego Moreira de Souza Sabrina Medeiros Suita Fabio Pereira Leivas Leite Luis Alberto Romano Wilson Wasielesky Eduardo Luis Cupertino Ballester 《Aquaculture Research》2012,43(12):1828-1837
The present work evaluated the use of probiotics during the nursery rearing of the pink shrimp Farfantepenaeus brasiliensis, in a zero exchange aerobic heterotrophic culture system during 30 days. Three replicate tanks were randomly assigned to the following treatments: (1) Bacillus spp. mixture (Sanolife Pro‐‐W®), (2) Bacillus sp., Enterococcus sp., Lactobacillus spp. mixture (Biomin Start‐grow®), (3) Bacillus cereus var. toyoi and (4) control treatment (without probiotic addition). Bacteriological analysis monitored the abundance of presumptive Vibrio spp. in the water of experimental tanks. For the immunological analysis, shrimp haemolymph was collected to determine the granular haemocyte count and total protein concentration. Results showed that mean final weight and specific growth rate of shrimp in the probiotic treatments were significantly higher. Furthermore, shrimp reared in the probiotic treatments showed higher levels of total protein and granular haemocyte. The bacteriological analysis showed that the concentration of Vibrio spp. measured in probiotic treatment tanks was lower than that recorded in the control tanks. 相似文献
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L.H.H. HERNANDEZ T.C. BARRERA J.C. MEJIA G.C. MEJIA M. DEL CARMEN M. DOSTA R. DE LARA ANDRADE J.A.M. SOTRES 《Aquaculture Nutrition》2010,16(4):407-411
A 11‐week feeding trial was carried out to determine the effects of the probiotic bacteria Lactobacillus casei from the commercial product Yakult® on the growth performance, proximal composition, protein content of skin mucus and stress resistance of juvenile Porthole livebearer Poeciliopsis gracilis. Triplicate groups of 15 juveniles per tank with an initial weight of 47 ± 9 mg (mean ± standard deviation) were fed with Artemia nauplii enriched with the probiotic, by using the bacteria cells plus the fermented milk (group ProN) and the other (group ProC) by using only the bacterial cells, eliminating the fermented milk by centrifugation. A control of fish was set up, by feeding non‐enriched Artemia nauplii. Growth performance and survival rates did not show significantly differences among the treatments and control group, but a slightly tendency of higher values for body weight, weight gain and specific growth rate was observed in the juveniles of ProC treatment. Whole body proximate composition did not show significant differences among the groups, but higher values of protein and lipid contents were observed in the groups fed with the probiotic. Content of protein in the skin mucus were significantly higher in the ProC treatment than control group. Recovery rates after an air‐dive test were significantly higher on the fish fed with the probiotic cells than the control group. These results show that L. casei might be used as a probiotic for fish and would help during the culture of juvenile of the Porthole livebearer P. gracilis. 相似文献
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Effects of dietary live or heat‐inactivated autochthonous Bacillus pumilus SE5 on growth performance,immune responses and immune gene expression in grouper Epinephelus coioides 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 To evaluate the possible dietary application of live and heat‐inactivated probiotic Bacillus pumilus SE5 in grouper Epinephelus coioides, juveniles (14.6 ± 0.2 g) were fed either a basal control diet (without probiotic) or the basal diet supplemented with 1.0 × 108 CFU g?1 live (T1) and heat‐inactivated B. pumilus SE5 (T2). The heat‐inactivated probiotic significantly improved the final weight, weight gain (WG) and specific growth rate (SGR) at day 60 and significantly decreased the feed conversion ratio (FCR) at day 30 and 60, while the viable probiotic significantly decreased the FCR at day 60 (P < 0.05). Phagocytic activity, serum complement C3 and IgM levels as well as SOD activity elevated significantly in fish fed the heat‐inactivated probiotic for 60 days (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the heat‐inactivated probiotic remarkably up‐regulated expression of TLR2 and pro‐inflammatory cytokines (IL‐8 and IL‐1β) in head kidney (P < 0.05), but the viable probiotic failed to do so. These results indicated that heat‐inactivated B. pumilus SE5 can effectively improve the growth performance and immune responses of E. coioides. 相似文献
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There is a need to develop low-cost methods for larviculture that emphasize disease prevention. We evaluated stagnant water
larviculture in flounder Paralichthys olivaceus using rotifer amictic eggs treated with glutaraldehyde. Growth and survival of the larvae were similar to in larvae reared
by standard running water larviculture with daily feeding of rotifers (control). In the experimental group, the n-3 highly
unsaturated fatty acid content of rotifers in the rearing water was higher than in the enriched rotifers fed to the control
group. We also observed a similar pattern for the fatty acid composition of flounder larvae. The viable bacterial counts associated
with rotifers in stagnant water were lower than those associated with enriched rotifers, and there were fewer bacterial genera.
However, the viable bacterial count was the same or higher in the experimental rearing water compared with that in the control
group. The α-Proteobacteria and Cytophaga–Flavobacterium–Bacteroidetes group dominated the bacterial community structure after larval hatching. To our knowledge, this is the first time that stagnant
water larviculture, using only disinfected amictic eggs, has been successfully demonstrated on a mass production scale. This
method appears to offer benefits including improved nutrition, more favorable bacterial communities, and lower cost. 相似文献
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Dariano Krummenauer Luis Poersch Luiz A. Romano Gabriele R. Lara Pedro Encarnação 《Journal Of Applied Aquaculture》2013,25(4):370-379
We analyzed the effect of commercial bacterial probiotics on a Litopenaeus vannamei biofloc culture system infected with Vibrio parahaemolyticus. Three replicates of two experimental treatments were conducted: a control system (without probiotic) and a system with the application of a multistrain probiotic containing Bacillus spp., Enterococcus spp., Thiobacillus spp., and Paracoccus spp. applied to the water and another multistrain probiotic containing Bacillus spp., Enterococcus spp., and Lactobacillus spp. added to the feed. Growth and survival rate were significantly higher in the probiotic treatment group (P < 0.05), and the shrimp in the probiotic group also had a lower (P < 0.05) FCR compared to the shrimp in the control group (1.4 vs. 2.7). 相似文献
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Cüneyt Suzer Deniz oban H. Okan Kamaci ahin Saka Kürat Firat
zge Otgucuolu Hakan Küüksari 《Aquaculture (Amsterdam, Netherlands)》2008,280(1-4):140-145
In this study, the influence of commercial probiotic, Lactobacillus spp., supplementation was investigated on growth parameters and digestive enzyme activities in gilthead sea bream, Sparus aurata, during larval development. All experiments were triplicated and designed in three different administrations of probiotic from 3 days after hatching (DAH) concurrently with starting of exogenous feeding. In the first group, probiotic was added to live food (rotifer and Artemia). In the second group, probiotic was supplemented directly to both live food and water. In the third group, probiotic was added directly to water. Also, no probiotic treatment was maintained in control group. Total bacterial counts among probiotic probiotic-supplemented groups were significantly different from total bacterial counts in controls in water and digestive tract of larvae (p < 0.05). The mean of total bacterial counts in control was approximately 4 × 104-fold increased from the experimental groups in the sea water (p < 0.05). Besides, mean digestive enzyme activities of all probiotics treatment groups were significantly different (p < 0.05) with that of the control. Except probiotic water supplementation group, in all treatments, the specific activities of pancreatic and intestinal enzymes were significantly higher (p < 0.05) in larvae to which probiotic had been supplemented by live food and live food with water. Also, S. aurata larvae that had probiotic administered by live food with water demonstrated significant (p < 0.05) increases in both survival (13–105% higher) and specific growth rate (2–9% higher) as compared to controls. As a result, supplementation of probiotic to directly tank water could not significantly increase growth parameters and digestive enzyme activities and therefore, administration of probiotics by this method would not be effective in terms of husbandry parameters and nutritional condition. 相似文献