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1.
头足类生殖系统及其在分类学上的应用 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
头足类被认为是未来重要蛋白质来源之一。生殖系统是头足类的重要系统之一,不仅是生物学研究的基础,也是繁殖生物学研究的重点,且在分类学上也具有重要作用。分析认为,雌性个体的输卵管和缠卵腺在柔鱼类、枪乌贼类、乌贼类和蛸类间存在明显差别;十腕类的纳精囊位于口球内,而蛸类位于输卵管腺上;交配囊是耳乌贼亚科的特殊生殖结构,在小乌贼属的分类上具有一定意义。茎化腕是雄性头足类的重要生殖器官,也是重要的分类性状,各大类的茎化腕部位和特征有所差异;交配器为耳乌贼亚科茎化腕上的特殊结构,在分类上具有一定作用。绝大多数雄性个体的精囊结构复杂,其放射导管、连接管以及精团在帆乌贼科的分类上具有一定意义。 相似文献
2.
拟目乌贼生殖系统的组织学研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了丰富拟目乌贼人工繁育理论,采用组织学方法,对其雌雄生殖系统的结构进行了研究。结果显示,雄性生殖系统可分为精巢、输精管、黏液腺、放射导管腺、中被膜腺、外被膜腺、硬腺、终腺和精荚囊9部分,其中输精管可分为前段、中段(壶腹)和后段3部分。精子发生不同步,成熟精子自精巢产生后,通过输精管,在黏液腺和放射导管腺中形成精团,在中被膜腺和外被膜腺中按规律进行重新排列,硬腺的主要作用是吸水使精荚变硬,最后在终腺中成熟,储存于精荚囊中,在生殖季节分批排出。雌性生殖系统可分为卵巢、输卵管、输卵管腺、1对缠卵腺和1对副缠卵腺5部分,可推测卵子发生不同步,分批成熟,在输卵管腺、缠卵腺和副缠卵腺共同作用下形成三级卵膜结构。拟目乌贼雌雄生殖系统的结构与其受精和产卵方式是相适应的。 相似文献
3.
根据2015年3-5月在青岛斋堂岛附近海域使用张网采集的1250尾薛氏海龙(Syngnathus schlegeli)样本,分析了该水域薛氏海龙的性比、副性征、性腺指数、性腺成熟度与卵径、育儿袋中胚胎等繁殖生物学特征。结果表明,青岛斋堂岛附近海域薛氏海龙春季繁殖种群雌雄比例分别为63.28%和36.24%,未成年个体占0.48%,雌雄比为1.75:1,明显偏离1:1的性别比例;繁殖群体中雄性个体的性腺指数始终保持在较低水平,为0.01%~4.85%,雌性个体相对较高,为0.05%~128.99%,二者差异极显著(P0.01);组织学观察发现,性腺在3—5月份迅速发育成熟,雄性排精后精巢腔中仍剩余较多精细胞,表明雄性个体为多次排精;雌性Ⅲ~Ⅳ期卵巢中均分布有不同时相的卵子,且卵径分布呈现两个峰值,表明雌性个体为分批产卵;根据雌性个体V期卵巢中成熟卵子的卵粒数与雄性个体育儿袋中的平均怀卵数基本相同,育儿袋中胚胎的发育阶段也基本一致,推测其交配模式可能为一雄一雌制,抑或是雄性在同一天内与多个雌性交配的一雄多雌制。斋堂岛附近海域薛氏海龙的交配模式还有待室内行为观察并结合微卫星标记等手段进一步确认。 相似文献
4.
一项新的研究显示,生活在澳大利亚南部斯潘塞湾的澳洲后耳乌贼（Sepiadarium austrinum）具有独特的繁育习性。在交配期间,雄性澳洲后耳乌贼会将精子注入雌性的口腔洞中。雌性会以这些精子为食促进未受精卵子的发育。 相似文献
5.
为探讨不同规格雄性金乌贼(Sepia esculenta)在求偶交配过程中的竞争及优势等级,采用实验生态学方法,在室内可控条件下分别设置1L1S组、1L2S组和1L4S组(L和S分别表示大规格雄性和小规格雄性,数字表示实验中雄性金乌贼数量),连续摄像观察和记录金乌贼的繁殖行为。结果显示:(1)繁殖过程中金乌贼具有明显的领域行为和护卫伴游行为。(2)随着群体中小规格雄性比例的增加,处于优势地位的大规格雄性个体的优势等级发生变化,主要表现为大规格雄性护卫伴游时间、成功交配次数逐渐减少,而小规格雄性护卫伴游时间、成功交配次数逐渐增多。(3)当群体中小规格雄性较少时,大规格雄性常常主动攻击小规格雄性,而当小规格雄性数量远大于大规格雄性时,小规格雄性主动向其他雄性发起攻击,以争取护卫权和交配权。研究表明,雄性金乌贼的规格和数量对于求偶竞争以及交配行为具有显著影响。随着繁殖群体中小规格雄性增多,大规格雄性成功交配次数逐渐降低。1L4S组成功交配次数稍高于1L2S组,显著高于1L1S组(P0.05)。人工苗种繁育过程中选择合适规格的雄性亲体和合理的雌雄比例,对提高金乌贼繁殖效率具有重要意义。 相似文献
6.
为揭示金乌贼精子进入纳精囊及产卵过程中的精子利用方式,丰富金乌贼繁殖生物学研究内容,本研究利用实验生态学和组织切片技术,检测了交配后不同时间段雌性口膜表面精子囊和纳精囊中精子数量的变化,观察分析了雌性金乌贼纳精囊的组织结构。结果显示,金乌贼纳精囊位于繁殖期雌性个体口膜腹面的突起处,共1对。纳精囊开口于口膜内表面,通过一根中央管连通整个纳精囊。中央管内壁含有大量褶皱和纤毛。在中央管两端,有12~20个储精小囊与之相连。储精小囊四周具有发达的环肌,其中储存有大量精子,并且大部分精子头部均朝向腔室内壁。完成一次交配后,雌性金乌贼对精子囊和纳精囊中精子的利用可以分为三个阶段,主要利用精子囊中的精子(交配后1~2 d);由利用精子囊中的精子向纳精囊中的精子过渡(交配后2~3 d);主要利用纳精囊中的精子(交配后3 d以上)。研究表明,从精子囊释放出的精子进入雌性口膜表面的褶皱中,通过自身运动到达纳精囊。进入纳精囊的精子通过自身运动及中央管内壁纤毛的摆动进入储精小囊,其中大部分精子头部朝向储精小囊内壁有规律地分布。在产卵过程中,雌性优先利用精子囊中的精子,而在精子囊中精子不足时,纳精囊通过肌肉收缩以及纤毛摆动将其中的精子逐渐释放出来,卵子在雌性口膜附近完成体外受精。 相似文献
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8.
<正> 6 水蛭的繁殖 水蛭雌雄同体,与蚯蚓相似,每条水蛭都具有交配和产卵的能力。6.1 种蛭选择:要选择生长快、抗逆性强,经济性状稳定,个体重在20g左右,用手触摸迅速缩成一团,这样的水蛭产卵量高、孵化率也高。6.2 交配:水蛭的交配与蚯蚓相似,交配时头端方向相反,异体交配,雄性生殖孔对雌性生殖孔,完成交配受精。 相似文献
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10.
以2012年9月(秋季)与2013年3月(春季)在南海中南部采集的4 016尾鸢乌贼(Sthenoteuthis oualaniensis)样本为基础,对南海中南部鸢乌贼繁殖生物学特征进行研究分析。结果显示,春、秋两季鸢乌贼雌雄个体比例均为1∶1;性腺发育为春季Ⅰ、Ⅱ期所占比例较高,秋季Ⅱ、Ⅲ期所占比例较高;性腺成熟度指数(GSI)表现为秋季高于春季,雄性高于雌性的变化规律;在成熟雌性个体中,当胴长141 mm或150 mm时,GSI均随胴长的增长而升高,其中121~140 mm胴长组GSI最高,高达9.71;春、秋两季鸢乌贼个体绝对繁殖力变动范围分别为63~97 074粒和24~60 378粒,均值分别为8 635粒和10 234粒,秋季鸢乌贼繁殖能力较春季强;鸢乌贼个体绝对繁殖力与胴长、体质量、纯体质量均呈显著正相关关系(P0.01)。鸢乌贼成熟卵径范围为400~1 200μm,均值为(769±261)μm。结果表明,鸢乌贼的卵径小,属异步成熟、分批产卵类型,具有较强的繁殖潜力。 相似文献
11.
长江中游贝氏(鳖)繁殖生物学研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
2016年4-12月在监利长江何王庙故道采集591尾样本,对长江中游贝氏(鳖)(Hemiculter bleekeri)性比、初次性成熟大小、繁殖季节、产卵类型、产卵群体组成及繁殖力等繁殖生物学指标进行了分析.结果显示:贝氏(鳖)总体雌雄性比1.44:1,与1:1存在极显著性差异;繁殖期间雌雄比2.5:1,非繁殖季节雌雄比为0.91:1.繁殖群体年龄结构为1-3龄,以1龄补充群体为主,属于第Ⅱ类型.初次性成熟体长:SL♀50=8.08 cm, SL♂50=8.47 cm,最小观测性成熟个体分别为:雌性7.5 cm,体重6.65 g, 1龄;雄性8.2 cm,体重8.13 g, 1龄.根据成熟系数变化和性腺发育期观察,推测其繁殖季节为4-6月,可能延至7月份.贝氏(鳖)绝对繁殖力为1703~9601粒/尾,平均为(5876.6 ± 1837.8) 粒/尾,与体重、性腺重均呈线性关系,与体长呈幂函数关系.相对繁殖力(FW)为204.7~406.5粒/g,平均(322.3 ± 49.7) 粒/g,与成熟系数呈幂函数相关;相对繁殖力(FL)为212.0~827.6粒/cm,平均(552.4 ± 136.1) 粒/cm,与体重幂函数相关. 相似文献
12.
利用青岛近岸海域连续监测数据,分析金乌贼繁殖群体及补充群体结构特征,比较不同洄游时期繁殖亲体的绝对生殖力与卵子规格,以及补充群体的扩散迁移过程,为金乌贼繁殖亲体筛选、增殖模式优化及放流海域合理规划等提供参考。结果显示,5—7月陆续洄游至青岛近岸的金乌贼繁殖亲体的胴长、体质量及其怀卵量随采样时间推移均呈逐渐下降趋势,前期繁殖亲体成熟卵细胞的卵径和卵重显著高于中期和后期亲体。金乌贼产黏性卵,通常将受精卵黏附于海藻或其他附着物上,其幼体生长迅速。受繁殖亲体结群期长及分批产卵等繁殖习性影响,补充群体的胴长、体质量离散水平亦随秋季采样时间推移不断升高。补充群体规格的离散可促进空间生态位分化,增加营养生态位宽幅,该生殖策略有利于减小种内摄食压力。基于金乌贼繁殖生态学特征,建议集中采集前期洄游亲体开展人工苗种繁育,以提升繁育效率,保证大规格苗种供应;依据其分批产卵习性,大规模增殖放流可分批进行,以减小种内饵料竞争,提高放流群体成活率;5—7月在近岸水深15～20 m的缓流区投放人工产卵附着基,也是一种有效的资源原位修复手段。今后应进一步探究金乌贼受精卵放流技术,优化其资源修复模式,降低增殖成本,提高资源增殖效率。 相似文献
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With the advent of sea cucumber aquaculture in the South Pacific region, a reliable method is needed to induce large numbers of animals to spawn in captivity. Broodstock of the sea cucumber Holothuria scabra , collected from Stradbroke Island, Moreton Bay (27°90'N, 153°24'E) Australia, during the reproductive season from October to January, were used in spawning trials. During the 1997–1998 summer between one to five weeks of captivity, 100% of animals were induced to spawn in four trials at dusk on or close to a new or full moon, using nine males and nine females contained in a Reln tank and 30 cm of filtered sea water, using a 3–5 C temperature shock. H. scabra was induced to spawn in small numbers during the 1996–1997 summer despite a marked degree of weight loss, and all animals spawned during 1997–1998 with minimal loss of weight. The difference in the number of spawned eggs between animals of similar size and mean numbers of spawned eggs in consecutive trials decreased the longer animals were held in captivity before spawning. The hatch rate of eggs was reduced significantly for broodstock held for more than one month. Hatch rate and numbers of spawned eggs are important indicators of egg viability of broodstock maintained in captivity for an extended period. 相似文献
14.
The reproductive biology of 315 cobia, Rachycentron canadum, from northeastern Australia was studied for an 18-month period. Cobia ranged from 181 to 1,470 mm FL (0.06–55 kg). Length–frequency distributions of males and females did not differ significantly. The sex ratio of females to males was 2.18:1. Histological data showed that cobia developed hydrated oocytes during a protracted spawning season between September and June. Gonadosomatic index peaked from October to December, coinciding with the monsoon or “wet” season. Estimated length at first maturity for female cobia was 671 mm FL. Length at 50% maturity (L 50) for females was estimated at 784 mm FL (1–2 years of age). Batch fecundity ranged from 577,468 to 7,372,283 eggs with a mean of 2,877,669 (± SD 1,603,760) eggs. Relative batch fecundity was 249 eggs per g, and no relationship between relative fecundity and fork length was found. There was a significant positive relationship between the total number of eggs produced and fork length. Spawning frequency, estimated by the post-ovulatory follicle method, was 7.6 days. Based on the detection of hydrated oocytes in fish caught at night, cobia most likely spawn at night. Cobia also feed throughout the spawning period. This is the first report on the reproductive biology of cobia in Australian waters, and provides valuable data for future population assessments of cobia throughout the Indo-Pacific. 相似文献
15.
Reproductive ecology of two cyprinid fishes in an oligotrophic lake near the southern limits of their distribution range 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
A. S. Tarkan 《Ecology of Freshwater Fish》2006,15(2):131-138
Abstract – The reproductive activities of two dominant fish species, roach Rutilus rutilus and rudd Scardinius erythrophthalmus were investigated from August 2000 to July 2002 in an oligotrophic lake, Lake Sapanca, in the northwest of Turkey. A total of 907 roach and 593 rudd individuals were examined. Macroscopic appearance of ovary, gonadosomatic index and oocyte diameter frequency distribution suggested that the spawning season of roach and rudd were from early April (13 °C) to late May (18 °C) and from early May (17.5 °C) to late June (23.5 °C), respectively. The spawning cycles of both species showed the same tendency in two successive years. The estimated mean total lengths at first maturity ( L T50 ) were 12.26 and 14.98 cm for male and female roach, respectively, and 7.12 and 8.10 cm for male and female rudd, respectively. The sizes at 50% maturity corresponded to 3 years for roach and 1 year for rudd, for both sexes. The ratio of males to females was 1.3:1 and 1.2:1 for roach and rudd, respectively. The average condition factor K was 1.21 for rudd and 1.14 for roach, and it was not affected by sex or reproductive effort. Absolute fecundity varied from 7829 to 95,387 eggs between ages 3 and 9 for roach and from 1807 to 35,629 eggs between ages 1 and 7 for rudd. Comparisons of these results with earlier studies from more northern regions revealed that spawning of both species in this area started earlier, but spawning temperature and the duration of spawning was approximately the same. 相似文献
16.
Herbert E. Quintero Alison Hutson Atra Chaimongkol Allen Davis Rex Dunham Asheber Abebe 《Journal of the World Aquaculture Society》2009,40(5):601-615
The interspecific hybridization of channel catfish, Ictalurus punctatus, females with blue catfish, I. furcatus, males has been identified as a method to further improve production; however, lack of spawning success has affected its commercial application. To facilitate our understanding of the interaction of brood stock nutrition and reproductive performance, we evaluated the interaction of feed quality and feeding frequency. Channel catfish females were classified into two genetic groups, namely, high and low spawning. The treatments were offered during the spring season 70–90 d prior to the start of the spawning season. Induced reproduction was performed using luteinizing hormone releasing hormone analog. Condition of the fish as well as reproductive performance using spawning success, egg production, egg size, and fertilization at 48 h were determined. Changing protein level of the diet from 32 to 42% did not influence spawning, fecundity, or fertilization, but affected egg size and biochemical composition of the eggs. Increasing the feeding frequency from three to six times per week negatively affected spawning in one of the two genetics groups, did not affect egg production and egg fertilization, but had a significant effect on egg size. Older fish performed better than younger fish in terms of spawning success and egg production. 相似文献
17.
Mitsuo Nyuji Kazuki Fujisawa Yui Imanaga Hajime Kitano Akihiko Yamaguchi Michiya Matsuyama 《Fisheries Science》2013,79(2):251-258
The jack mackerel Trachurus japonicus is a key commercially exploited fish species in Japan. The rearing experiment often provides information that is useful for understanding the reproductive characteristics of wild stocks; however, there has been no study on spawning in captive T. japonicus. In the study reported here, we induced spawning in T. japonicus caught in the wild by hook and line. Females with fully vitellogenic oocytes and males during spermiation were selected by gonadal biopsy and injected with gonadotropin-releasing hormone analog (GnRHa) mixed in molten coconut butter. This treatment was performed four times in different groups of four females and five to eight males, and each group was maintained in a 3-m3 concrete tank. We observed the first spawning at 1 or 2 days post-injection and collected between 41,690 and 149,450 eggs. Spawning was recorded on 18 consecutive days in one experiment and for 3 days continuously in the other experiments. In the former, spawning ended when the water temperature reached 23 °C and occurred mainly between 2100 and 2400 hours. These results indicate that GnRHa-induced spawning may be useful for evaluating the reproductive characteristics of T. japonicus and obtaining fertilized eggs to conduct larval experiments. 相似文献
18.
M. R. Dunn 《Fisheries Research》1999,40(3):127-293
Basic biological parameters of cuttlefish, Sepia officinalis, in the English Channel are described from samples of commercial and research vessel landings made between April 1994 and September 1995. There was a significant difference between the length–weight relationship of male and female cuttlefish. Growth of both sexes was rapid and seasonal during the last 12 months of life. Males grew faster than females, and reached larger overall lengths and weights. Most males reached maturity before the start of their second winter, although the testis continued to develop until spawning took place the following spring. Female maturation began later and was more prolonged such that it was completed towards the end of the second winter. Adults of both sexes spawned after the second winter between late March and July. Commercial landings data showed spawning cuttlefish initially arrived on inshore grounds in the western Channel, but slightly later and in greater numbers on the inshore grounds of the middle and eastern Channel. The weight and value of cuttlefish landings made by UK vessels in the Channel increased greatly between the mid 1980s and the mid 1990s such that cuttlefish are now a major part of the earnings for several fisheries. The most important fisheries were the offshore beam trawls, and inshore otter trawls and nets. The exploitation pattern of each fishery is described from quarterly samples of commercial landings taken between April 1994 and March 1996. Each exploitation pattern is shown to be a function of the region fished, the catching gear employed, and the growth and migrations of the cuttlefish population. Some implications for stock management are discussed. 相似文献
19.
Genetic parameters and correlated responses in female reproductive traits in the GIFT strain 
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下载免费PDF全文 Azhar Hamzah Nguyen Hong Nguyen Wagdy Mekkawy Hooi Ling Khaw Hoong Yip Yee Khairul Rizal Abu Bakar Raul W. Ponzoni Siti Azizah Mohd Nor 《Aquaculture Research》2016,47(5):1488-1498
The effect of selection for greater growth rate in the GIFT strain on traits related to female reproduction (weight at spawning, number of eggs, number of fry, total weight of fry and number of dead fry) was studied. Available records comprised 10 generations of data from a total of 935 breeding females with known pedigree. Female body weight at spawning was 255 g, whereas the averages for number of eggs, number of live fry at hatching, number of dead fry and total fry weight per spawning were 1444, 908, 64.90, and 7.24 g respectively. Heritabilities for reproductive traits were low to moderate (0.20 for number of eggs, 0.16 for number of hatched fry and 0.11 for fry weight per female at spawning). The genetic correlations between female body weight at spawning and reproductive traits were very low to low (0.01 to 0.31) and not significantly different from zero. The genetic correlations among reproductive traits (i.e. number of eggs, number of hatched fry and fry weight) were high (0.75 to 0.92). Phenotypic correlations were consistent with the genetic correlations, ranging from 0.56 to 0.85. Correlated responses in reproductive traits measured as differences in least squares means between Selection and Control lines were positive and significant (except for the number of dead fry) when age of females at spawning was fitted as a covariate. However, there were no significant differences in all studied traits when body weight of the female at spawning was fitted as a covariate within lines. This indicates that the greater reproductive rate was due to the greater size of females in the Selection line, but the efficiency of reproduction per unit weight of female did not change as a consequence of selection for growth. 相似文献
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Cédric Tentelier Maider Larrieu Jean‐Christophe Aymes Jacques Labonne 《Ecology of Freshwater Fish》2011,20(4):580-587
Abstract – The evolution of parental care depends on the sex‐dependent resolution of a trade‐off between present and future reproduction. In salmonids, the mating systems are often characterised by fierce male–male competition, and the absence of paternal care is widely admitted in these species. However, the fact that brown trout eggs can be cannibalised by peripheral individuals just after spawning suggests that dominant males would benefit from protecting their offspring by keeping cannibals away from the nest. We used 77 field observations of brown trout spawning to document the defensive behaviour of dominant males towards peripheral individuals before and after spawning, and test whether this behaviour was related to the probability of the clutch being cannibalised. We showed that dominant males stayed on the nest and chased peripherals even after the eggs were laid and fertilised. The number of chases performed by dominant males during the 2 min following spawning was negatively correlated to the probability of egg cannibalism. This result indicates that brown trout males can provide direct benefits to females through protection against egg cannibalism by peripheral individuals. 相似文献