首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
相似文献
 共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 940 毫秒
1.
四价鸡球虫苗的免疫效果研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  
在实验条件下观察自主研制的四价鸡球虫苗(LCV)对平养鸡的安全性和免疫保护效果.试验设空白对照组(NC)、攻虫对ECX(PC)和免疫组(VC)3个试验组,每组30只鸡.试验结果:空白对照组、攻虫对照组和免疫组的相对增重率依次为100%、84.77%和94.97%;免疫后(免疫后攻虫前)排卵囊高峰期间(免疫后5 d～10 d),免疫组平均OPG(即每克粪便申的卵囊数)为2.70 X 104,攻虫后排卵囊高峰期间(攻虫后6 d～13 d)攻虫对照组组平均OPG为2.32 X 106,高于免疫组(2.69 X 103)(P<0.01);攻虫后各组死亡率依次为0、10%和o;3个组的ACI(抗球虫指数)分别为200,0、154.77和184.97,免疫组试验效果最佳.结果表明,LCV安全性高、免疫保护效果理想.接种该疫苗后的鸡对较大剂量攻虫具有较强的抵抗力.  相似文献   

2.
在试验条件下,研究了鸡球虫苗(LCV-2号)对笼养和平养鸡的免疫效果.笼养鸡免疫试验比较了笼养鸡空白对照组、攻虫对照组、免疫不攻虫组、免疫攻虫组试验期间的相时增重率、存活率、平均每克粪便卵囊(OPG)值、攻虫后第8天的肠道病变和综合抗球虫指数.结果表明,免疫不攻虫组、免疫攻虫组攻虫后没有鸡只死亡;免疫不攻虫组相对增重率最高,为97.74%,显著(P<0.05)高于免疫攻虫组和攻虫对照组(89.72%和69.85%);攻虫对照组攻虫期间平均OPG值最高,为1.26×105,而免疫攻虫纽仅为5.813×104;攻虫后第8天肠道平均病变计分,空白对照组0分,攻虫对照组、免疫不攻虫组及免疫攻虫组分别为4、1、2分;4组抗球虫指数(ACI)依次为200、62.18、192.74和178.76.平养鸡免疫试验,比较了平养鸡空白对照组、不免疫不攻虫组和免疫攻虫组(2组在同1个圈)的平均OPG值、相对增重率、攻虫后第8天的肠道病变.结果表明,和免疫攻虫组鸡群一起饲养的不免疫不攻虫组鸡群增重较快,相对增重率为99.39%,而免疫攻虫组鸡群为91.67%,但差异不显著;攻虫后第8天训检肠道平均病变计分,空白对照组0分,不免疫不攻虫组和免疫攻虫组分别为1、3分;攻虫期间免疫攻虫组鸡群平均OPG为6.025×105、不免疫不攻虫组也达3.675×105,免疫期间分别为7.5×104、3.5×104;3组ACI依次为200、193.39和175.76.从总体看,LCV-2安全性高,对笼养鸡和平养鸡都有较强的免疫效果,且对平养鸡的效果优于笼养鸡.  相似文献   

3.
6种鸡艾美耳球虫兰州株的致病性研究   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  
在试验条件下,测定了鸡艾美耳球虫兰州株的毒力,为进行鸡球虫病疫苗免疫和药物防治效果评价试验等研究提供攻虫剂量的选择依据.试验设空白对照组(NC)、不同剂量感染组1组～8组,共9个组,每组20R鸡.结果显示:(1)NC组、第1组～第7组(第8组全部死亡)相对增重率依次为100%、77.23%、77.02%、76.42%、72.86%、63.91%、67.19%和42.06%,其中NC组相对增重率极显著高于所有感染组(p<0.01);第1组和第2组显著高于第5组和第6组(p<0.05),极显著高于第7组间(p<0.01);第7组极显著低于其他试验组(p<0.01).(2)空白对照组、第1组～第7组各组料肉比依次为2.01、2.21、2.24、2.29、2.33、2.78、2.94和4.06,呈现出剂量依赖关系,其中第7组极显著高于其他各组(p<0.01);第6组和第5组显著大于NC组和第1组～第5组(p<0.05).(3)攻虫后第8 d,每组剖检5只鸡,各肠段平均病变记分各组依次为0、1.79、2.33、2.54、2.63、2.5、2.67和2.8.(4)感染后排卵囊高峰期间,各组平均每克粪便中卵囊数(OPG)值分别为0、3.05×104、2.35 X 104、32.20×104、62.23×104、60.45×104、103.51×104和150.11×104(第8组除外).(5)各组死亡率依次为0、5.0%、5.0%、15%、25%、40.0%、45.0%、95%和100%.结果表明:本试验所选用虫株均具有较强的毒力,每只鸡感染6个虫种每个虫种1×104个孢子化卵囊时,感染鸡生长严重受阻;感染剂量为6个虫种每个虫种2×105/只时,半数感染鸡死亡;6个虫种每个虫种3×105/只的感染剂量可导致全部感染鸡死亡,因此.攻虫试验时选择6个虫种每个虫种1×104/只～1×105/只的剂量为宜.  相似文献   

4.
为了确定巨型艾美耳球虫(Eimeria maxima)早熟株合适的免疫剂量,本文设立7个早熟株免疫攻虫组、7个母株免疫攻虫组、1个不免疫攻虫组和1个不免疫不攻虫组,7个早熟株/母株免疫组的免疫剂量为孢子化卵囊100、200、400、600、800、1000和2000个/羽,经嗉囊感染,7日龄首次免疫,14日龄以同等剂量进行第二次免疫,21日龄以8×104个/羽的同源母株进行攻虫,28日龄结束试验,以增重、肠道病变记分和卵囊减少率为试验指标。对早熟株中免疫保护效果较好的2个免疫剂量进行重复试验,免疫方法、试验周期、试验指标和攻虫剂量同第一批试验。结果显示:早熟株和母株200、400、600、800、1000、2000个/羽免疫组攻虫后的增重与健康对照组差异不显著(P>0.05),100个/羽免疫组明显低于健康对照组(P<0.05);各免疫组的卵囊减少率均达90%以上,肠道病变记分均与不免疫攻虫组差异不显著(P>0.05)。用早熟株200、400个/羽进行免疫重复试验,两个免疫组攻虫期间的增重和肠道病变记分均与健康对照组差异不显著(P>0.05),而与不免疫攻虫组差异显著(P<0.05),其卵囊减少率均在86%以上。研究结果表明,该巨型艾美耳球虫早熟株保持了良好的免疫原性,每只鸡免疫200或400个孢子化卵囊均可诱发鸡产生良好的免疫保护力,可考虑以200个孢子化卵囊作为该早熟株在疫苗制备中的推荐免疫剂量。  相似文献   

5.
给18日龄鸡胚接种一定剂量的柔嫩艾美耳球虫(Eim eria tenella)和/或堆形艾美耳球虫(E.acervulina)孢子化卵囊,出雏后在无球虫环境中笼养,1~10日龄每天收集各组粪便样本,计数克粪便卵囊数(OPG),并于14日龄时以大剂量同源孢子化卵囊攻虫,以相对增重率(RWG)、饲料转化率(FCR)、相对卵囊产量(ROP)评价免疫保护效果。结果显示,以E.tenella或E.acervulina卵囊免疫18日龄鸡胚,其卵囊排出的潜隐期及达到峰值的时间与1日龄雏鸡接种组相一致,有相似的排卵囊曲线,提示其诱导免疫的建立是在出雏后开始建立的。攻虫后各免疫组的RWG由攻虫对照组的31.9%~51.7%提高到了76.5%~83.6%,RCR由攻虫对照组的4.11~4.89改善为2.72~2.96,ROP降至4.7%~23.5%。结果表明以一定剂量E.tenella和E.acervulina卵囊单独或混合经羊膜腔免疫18日龄鸡胚都可以建立起针对出雏后14日龄同源攻虫的良好免疫保护力。比较混合免疫E.tenella和E.acervulina卵囊组与单一接种E.tenella或E.acervulina卵囊组的免疫效果发现,混合免疫组的各项指标均稍优于后者。  相似文献   

6.
为确定堆型艾美耳球虫(Eimeria acervulina)早熟株合适的免疫剂量,设立7个早熟株免疫攻虫组、7个母株免疫攻虫组、1个不免疫攻虫组和1个不免疫不攻虫组,7个早熟株/母株免疫组的免疫剂量为孢子化卵囊100、200、400、600、800、1 000、2 000个/羽,经嗉囊感染,7日龄首次免疫,14日龄以同等剂量进行第二次免疫,21日龄以1.5×105个/羽的同源母株进行攻虫,28日龄结束试验,以增重、肠道病变记分和卵囊减少率为试验指标。并对早熟株中免疫保护效果较好的2个免疫剂量进行重复试验,免疫方法、试验周期、试验指标同第一批试验,攻虫剂量为2×105个/羽的同源母株。结果显示,免疫期间,各免疫组的增重与不免疫组差异不显著(P>0.05);攻虫期间,早熟株400、600、800、1 000个/羽和母株600、800、1 000个/羽免疫组的相对增重与不免疫不攻虫组差异不显著(P>0.05);肠道病变记分,除2 000免疫组明显低于不免疫攻虫组(P<0.05)外,其余各免疫组虽低于不免疫攻虫组,但与其差异不显著(P>0.05);卵囊减少率,早熟株和母株400～2 000个/羽免疫组均达90%以上,其中600、800个/羽免疫组达97%以上。用早熟株600、800个/羽进行免疫重复试验,两个免疫组攻虫期间的相对增重和肠道病变记分均与不免疫不攻虫组差异不显著(P>0.05),而与不免疫攻虫组差异显著(P<0.05),其卵囊减少率均在88%以上。研究结果表明,该堆型艾美耳球虫早熟株保持了良好的免疫原性,不同免疫剂量均能诱发鸡产生免疫保护力,其中以600、800个/羽的免疫效果更好,可考虑以600个/羽作为该早熟株在疫苗制备中的推荐免疫剂量。  相似文献   

7.
通过用孢子化球虫卵囊感染豫州褐壳蛋鸡913系35日龄公雏,测定了柔嫩艾美尔球虫郑州株的致病力。结果表明:该球虫株毒力较强,每只鸡接种5000～50000个卵囊均引起严重的临床盲肠球虫病和典型病变,增重率和饲料转化率显著低于对照组,每只鸡接种3～5万个卵囊引起严重死亡(60％),接种5000～1万个卵囊引起部分死亡(20％)。建议在应用该球虫株进行鸡球虫病药物防治和免疫防治效果评价时,攻虫剂量以2万个卵囊为宜。  相似文献   

8.
不同地理株及其杂交株柔嫩艾美耳球虫细胞免疫水平研究   总被引：3，自引：3，他引：0  
本文首先培育了5个不同虫株柔嫩艾美耳球虫(Emeria tenella):3个不同地理株吉林株[J]、山东株[S]、黑龙江株[H]和2个杂交株F1(山东株×黑龙江株)、F2(F1×吉林株).将300只AA肉鸡鸡雏随机分成6组,每组50只,12日龄时分别用不同株柔嫩艾美耳球虫进行免疫,首免剂量为1 × 104卵囊.24日龄时攻虫,剂量为1×104卵囊.攻虫后10日龄时翼下静脉采血1 mL检测学液中的CD4 ,CD8 的数量,以此判断柔嫩艾美耳球虫的细胞免疫功能,结果证明:杂交株柔嫩艾美耳球虫CD4 ,CD8 的数量远远高于其它组,F2组更高.各组的CD4 ,CD8 的数量依次为F2＞F1＞S＞H＞J. CD4 ,CD8 的数量的比值也不同.即各组的细胞免疫功能不同,从数值上反应出,F2株细胞免疫水平最高,其次是F1,再次是山东株,黑龙江株和吉林株最低.  相似文献   

9.
采用单卵囊分离技术,从河北省保定市暴发球虫病的某鸡场鸡粪便中成功分离出1株和缓艾美耳球虫(Eimeria mitis),并对其生物学特性和致病性进行了研究。该虫株主要寄生于小肠后段,潜隐期为97 h,孢子化时间为22 h,卵囊呈球形,平均大小为15.9μm×14.4μm,卵囊指数为1.10,PCR鉴定为纯种的和缓艾美耳球虫,将其命名为和缓艾美耳球虫保定株。该虫株排卵期为感染后第4～10天,其中第5～6天为高峰期。SPF鸡分别感染5×10~4个、1×10~5和2×10~5个和缓艾美耳球虫保定株孢子化卵囊后,均出现精神不振、排水样粪便等球虫病引起的临床症状,且各组相对增重率分别为78.5%、63.5%和59.3%,明显低于空白对照组,该虫株具有一定的致病性,表现为发病和减重。  相似文献   

10.
旨在评价斯氏艾美耳球虫重组蛋白Es-GAPDH对兔的免疫保护效果，为兔斯氏艾美耳球虫重组亚单位疫苗的研制奠定基础。利用相对荧光定量PCR分析Es-GAPDH在斯氏艾美耳球虫不同发育时期的转录水平，并对Es-GAPDH进行原核表达与蛋白纯化；然后将42只45日龄无球虫幼兔随机分为5组(空白对照组、不免疫攻虫组、Trx-His-S tag攻虫对照组、Quil-A saponin攻虫对照组和rEs-GAPDH免疫组),分别经颈部皮下注射1 mL PBS、1 mL PBS、1 mL PBS含100μg pET-32a空载蛋白含1 mg Quil-A、1 mL PBS含1 mg Quil-A、1 mL 100μg rEs-GAPDH含1 mg Quil-A,首免14 d后同等剂量加强免疫。二免14 d后除空白对照组外，其余各组实验兔经口感染1×104个斯氏艾美耳球虫孢子化卵囊，攻虫后观察各组临床表现，每周定时采血、称重，感染21 d后剖检观察肝组织病理变化，并测定和统计每组的相对增重、料肉比、肝指数、卵囊排出量、生化指标、特异性IgG抗体以及细胞因子等。结果发现，Es-GA...  相似文献   

11.
1-(2-Chloroethyl)3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea (CCNU) is an alkylating agent in the nitrosourea subclass. A prospective evaluation of CCNU was done to determine the maximally tolerated dosage of CCNU in tumor-bearing cats. Response data were obtained when available. Twenty-five cats were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 50-60 mg/m3 body surface area. Complete hematologic data were available for 13 cats. Neutropenia was the acute dose-limiting toxicity. The median neutrophil count at the nadir was 1,000 cells/microL (mean, 2,433 cells/microL; range, 0-9,694 cells/microL). The time of neutrophil nadir was variable, occurring 7-28 days after treatment, and counts sometimes did not return to normal for up to 14 days after the nadir. Based on these findings, a 6-week dosing interval and weekly hematologic monitoring after the 1st treatment with CCNU are recommended. The nadir of the platelet count may occur 14-21 days after treatment. The median platelet count at the nadir was 43,500 cells/microL. No gastrointestinal, renal, or hepatic toxicities were observed after a single CCNU treatment, and additional studies to evaluate the potential for cumulative toxicity should be performed. Five cats with lymphoma and 1 cat with mast cell tumor had measurable responses to CCNU. Phase II studies to evaluate antitumor activity should be completed with a dosing regimen of 50-60 mg/m3 every 6 weeks.  相似文献   

12.
Continuous rate infusion (CRI) of furosemide in humans is considered superior to intermittent administration (IA). This study examined whether furosemide CRI, compared with IA, would increase diuretic efficacy with decreased fluid and electrolyte fluctuations and activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in the horse. Five mares were used in a crossover-design study. During a 24-hour period, each horse received a total of 3 mg/kg furosemide by either CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h preceded by a loading dose of 0.12 mg/kg IV) or IA (1 mg/kg IV q8h). There was not a statistically significant difference in urine volume over 24 hours between methods; however, urine volume was significantly greater after CRI compared with IA during the first 8 hours ([median 25th percentile, 75th percentile]: 9.6 L [8.9, 14.4] for CRI versus 5.9 L [5.3, 6.0] for IA). CRI produced a more uniform urine flow, decreased fluctuations in plasma volume, and suppressed renal concentrating ability throughout the infusion period. Potassium, Ca, and Cl excretion was greater during CRI than IA (1,133 mmol [1.110, 1,229] versus 764 mmol [709, 904], 102.7 mmol [96.0, 117.2] versus 73.3 mmol [65.0, 73.5], and 1,776 mmol [1,657, 2.378] versus 1,596 mmol [1,457, 1,767], respectively). Elimination half-lives of furosemide were 1.35 and 0.47 hours for CRI and IA, respectively. The area under the excretion rate curve was 1,285.7 and 184.2 mL x mg/mL for CRI and IA, respectively. Furosemide CRI (0.12 mg/kg/h) for 8 hours, preceded by a loading dose (0.12 mg/kg), is recommended when profound diuresis is needed acutely in horses.  相似文献   

13.
The epidemiology of H. placei and of other gastrointestinal nematodes in yearling dairy cattle was examined on two farms in Kiambu District, central Kenya during each of 13 one-month periods from April 1993 to April 1994. On each farm, 32 newly weaned dairy calves were given a single dose of albendazole and then placed on experimental pastures. Twelve of the animals were designated for bi-monthly slaughter (n = 2) and analysis of worm population characteristics and 20 were designated for blood and faecal collection and for weighing. Two parasite-free tracer calves were grazed alongside the weaner calves each month throughout the study period and were also slaughtered for analysis of worm populations. Faecal egg counts, haematological and serum pepsinogen determinations, herbage larval counts, and animal live weight changes were recorded monthly. The study revealed that Haemonchus placei, Trichostrongylus axei, Cooperia spp. and Oesophagostomum radiatum were responsible for parasitic gastroenteritis and that H. placei was the predominant nematode present in the young cattle on both farms. Faecal egg counts from resident cattle and necropsy worm counts revealed that pasture larval levels were directly related to the amount of rainfall. The total worm burdens in the animals were highest during the rainy season (March–June and October–December) and lowest during the dry seasons (July–September and January–February). The very low recovery of immature larvae of H. placei from the tracer calves indicated that arrested development is not a feature of the life cycle of this parasite in central Kenya. The maintenance of the parasite population depended on continuous cycling of infection between the host and the pasture. The agroclimatic conditions of the study area were such that, in general, favourable weather conditions for the development and survival of the free-living stages of gastrointestinal nematodes existed all year round.  相似文献   

14.
The occurrence of ectoparasites in sheep flocks is frequently reported but seldom quantified. Sheep production used to be a predominantly family activity in the state of Sa~o Paulo (Brazil), but it began to become a commercial activity in the past decade. Thus, information about the ectoparasites existing in sheep flocks has become necessary. The present data were obtained by means of questionnaires sent to all sheep breeders belonging to the `Associaça~o Paulista de Criadores de Ovinos' (ASPACO; Sa~o Paulo State Association of Sheep Breeders). Response reliability was tested by means of random visits paid to 10.6% of the respondents. Most of the properties (89.5%) reported the presence of one or more ectoparasites. Screw-worm (Cochliomyia hominivorax) was the most frequent ectoparasite (72.5%), followed by bot fly larvae (Dermatobia hominis, 45.0%), ticks (Amblyomma cajennense) and Boophilus microplus, 31.3%) and finally lice (Damalinia ovis, 13.8%). Combined infestations also occurred, the most common one being screw-worm with bot fly larvae (36.0%) followed by bot fly larvae with ticks (13.9%), screw-worm with ticks (9.3%), bot fly larvae with lice (6.9%), and ticks with lice (5.0%). The most common triple combination was screw-worm, bot fly larvae and ticks (12.8%). Breeds raised for meat or wool were attacked by bot fly larvae and ticks more often than other breeds. Lice were only absent from animals of indigenous breeds. The relationships among these ectoparasites are discussed in terms of sheep breeds, flock size, seasonality and the ectoparasitic combinations on the host.  相似文献   

15.
Comparison of different tests to diagnose feline infectious peritonitis   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
  相似文献   

16.
An experiment was conducted to study disappearance of C14 to C18 fatty acids, lag times and biohydrogenation (BH) rates of C18 fatty acids of ground soya bean and canola seeds in situ. Three ruminally fistulated Dallagh sheep were used to determine ruminal BH of unsaturated fatty acids (UFAs). Differences in the disappearance of fatty acids through the bags and lag times were observed between the oilseeds. We saw that the longer the incubation time of the oilseeds in the rumen, the lower the content of C18:2 and C18:3. Significantly higher lag times for both C18:2 and C18:3 were observed in ground canola compared to ground soya bean. BH rates of C18:2 and C18:3 fatty acids in soya bean were three times higher than those of canola. These results suggest that the fatty acid profile of fat source can affect the BH of UFAs by rumen micro‐organisms. So that UFAs of canola had higher ability to escape from ruminal BH. It seems that fatty acid profile of ruminant products is more affected by canola seed compared to soya bean seed.  相似文献   

17.
Serum biochemical values and the wet weight to dry weight ratios of tissues were determined in yaks in Shandan county of Gansu province. The liver, kidney, heart and muscle contents of seven elements in yaks were also analysed. Most serum biochemical values were similar to those of cattle, camels and sheep, but the calcium concentration was considerably above the normal range for other ruminants. The liver contained the highest concentrations of copper, manganese and cobalt and the kidney of selenium, iron and calcium.Abbreviations Alb albumin - ALT alanine aminotransferase - AST aspartate aminotransferase - BUN blood urea nitrogen - Chol cholesterol - Glob globulin - -GT -glutamyl transpeptidase - IP inorganic phosphorus - TP total protein  相似文献   

18.
A knowledge of the microbiological status of milk and of the different structures in the mammary glands has great importance in elucidating the pathogenesis of mammary gland infections. The objective of this study was to evaluate the microbiological status of various structures in the mammary glands from naturally infected dairy cows following slaughter. A total of 94 samples of milk, 184 samples of mammary parenchyma, 168 samples of gland cisterns, and 168 samples of teat cisterns were collected for microbiological examination. Microorganisms were detected in 59.9% of all samples, 67.0% of the milk samples, 70.1% of the mammary parenchymas, 55.9% of the gland cisterns and 48.8% of the teat cistern samples. When all samples were considered, coagulase-negative Staphylococcus were the most prevalent (35.7%) followed by coagulase-positive Staphylococcus (12.2%), Corynebacterium bovis (2.4%), Prototheca sp. (1.9%), and Streptococcus dysgalactiae (1.5%). There was a significantly higher occurrence of microorganisms in the milk and mammary parenchyma compared to the gland cisterns and teat cisterns. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.  相似文献   

19.
Four grass plots were sequentially contaminated with goat faeces containing known numbers of unembryonated eggs of predominantly Haemonchus contortus and Trichostrongylus spp. between October 1982 and April 1983. Four other plots were similarly contaminated with sheep faeces between February and May 1987. An additional plot was repeatedly contaminated with sheep faeces from February to April 1987. Populations of free-living stages in faeces and of infective larvae (L3) in the herbage were subsequently monitored until the end of April and June of 1983 and 1987 respectively. During February and May 1987 two control cultures of sheep faeces were incubated in the laboratory at 25°C–30°C and at a constant temperature of 50°C and the free-living development was also monitored. L3 developed very readily in the faeces cultured at 25°C–30°C and in those spread on a grass plot in October, at the end of the wet season, but developed less on the plot contaminated in May at the start of the wet season. Worm eggs in faeces deposited on plots during the hot dry season (December to April) or incubated at 50°C died and disintegrated after 24–48 h exposure to the high environmental temperatures. The results indicate that it is unlikely that gastrointestinal nematodes of sheep and goats can develop or survive on open pasture during the dry season in the Nigerian derived savanna zone.  相似文献   

20.
  相似文献   

设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号