共查询到18条相似文献，搜索用时 140 毫秒
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近年来由于抗生素在临床上的滥用,使得抗菌药物的抗菌效果大大降低,抗生素滥用还会导致有害菌定殖增加,影响人和动物的健康。因此,很多国家开始禁止用抗生素作为饲料添加剂,且在饲料中添加低剂量的抗生素作为肠道微生态调节剂已不再受欢迎,而探寻新的抗生素替代品来调节畜禽肠道微生物区系和维持肠道健康显得非常重要。人们一直误认为饲粮纤维是一种抗营养因子,指出纤维能稀释饲粮能量水平,影响家禽的生产性能。但最新研究表明,在家禽饲粮中添加适量纤维是改善家禽肠道健康、减少家禽肠道紊乱的一种有效的营养调控措施。本文从家禽肠道发育、肠道黏膜形态及上皮组织健康、肠道消化生理、肠道微生物区系等方面综述饲粮纤维对家禽肠道健康的影响,为进一步研究纤维对家禽肠道健康的调控机制提供参考,也为今后在家禽饲粮中添加纤维性物质提供一定的科学依据。 相似文献
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人们一致认为,饲粮中的纤维素和其它纤维对家禽,特别是肉仔鸡是有害的。Hollis-ter 等(1982)报道,肉鸡饲粮中的纤维素水平从0增到20%,增重和饲料效率随之下降。几乎所有品种的肉鸡都是这样。通常在鸡饲粮中纤维素的含量很低。几十年来,养禽业一直给家禽喂低纤维饲粮。然而,现在面粉厂、酒厂及其它来源的高纤维副产品日益增多。给家禽喂低价格的纤维素饲粮,可降低产品的成本。高纤维饲料对家禽的营养价值取决 相似文献
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饲料中的粗纤维可在动物的盲肠、结肠以及反刍动物瘤胃中经微生物发酵产生挥发性脂肪酸供作能源，但其利用率常受到木质素的影响。通常认为粗纤维是供反刍动物利用的，不应在家禽饲粮中占主要部分，饲粮中纤维含量越少，其饲喂快速生长畜禽的潜力就越大。实际上，在家禽日粮中适当加入粗纤维，有助于保持家禽胃肠道的正常结构和功能。１家禽对饲料纤维的消化能力家禽消化纤维的能力有限，据估计，饲料通过家禽消化道的时间只有４h，在体积小的盲肠中，微生物作用的机会很小，一般对纤维的消化率在０．９％～４２．４４％，平均１６．０２±… 相似文献
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饲料中的粗纤维可在动物的盲肠、结肠以及反刍动物瘤胃中经微生物发酵产生复合蛋白供作能源，但其利用率常受到木质素的影响。通常认为粗纤维是供反刍动物利用的，不应在家禽饲粮中占主要部分，因饲粮中纤维含量越少，其饲喂快速生长家禽的潜力就越大。实际上，在家禽日粮中适当加入粗纤维，有助于保持家禽胃肠道的正常结构和功能。 相似文献
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为了改善家禽生长性能,外源添加酶越来越广泛地应用在家禽饲粮中。但是,使用植酸酶来改善家禽生长性能,同时减少磷排放对环境造成的污染并没有预想的有效,这一部分是因为非靶物质饲粮纤维带来的潜在负面影响,另一部分则是我们仍然不确定磷的准确需要量及在配方中过量地引入了磷。现已证实,非淀粉多糖(NSP)酶对小麦、大麦、黑麦中NSP十分有效,但对于玉米-豆粕型饲粮无明显效果,这主要是因为NSP成分的差异。整粒亚麻籽在家禽饲粮中使用量越来越大,这也意味着需要新的酶制剂来解决该NSP带来的潜在负面影响。本文旨在对酶制剂发展过程中的挑战及其结果作以综述。为了改善家禽生长性能,外源添加酶越来越广泛地应用在家禽饲粮中。但是,使用植酸酶来改善家禽生长性能,同时减少磷排放对环境造成的污染并没有预想的有效,这一部分是因为非靶物质饲粮纤维带来的潜在负面影响,另一部分则是我们仍然不确定磷的准确需要量及在配方中过量地引入了磷。现已证实,非淀粉多糖(NSP)酶对小麦、大麦、黑麦中NSP十分有效,但对于玉米-豆粕型饲粮无明显效果,这主要是因为NSP成分的差异。整粒亚麻籽在家禽饲粮中使用量越来越大,这也意味着需要新的酶制剂来解决该NSP带来的潜在负面影响。本文旨在对酶制剂发展过程中的挑战及其结果作以综述。 相似文献
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鸡对纤维饲料的应用潜力 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
一般认为,家禽饲粮中的纤维素和其他纤维是有害处的,尤其是对肉用仔鸡.例如,曾报道将肉用仔鸡饲粮(非颗粒状)的纤维素从0增加到20%,导致体重和饲料转化率降低,而且肉用仔鸡的所有品系对饲粮纤维素的反应几乎相同.纤维素在肉用仔鸡饲粮中差不多没有什么能量价值,而其他纤维物质的能量价值也甚低.因此,除非该种饲料给鸡提供经济的可消化养分,否则就没有什么理由在饲粮中加入纤维物质. 相似文献
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日粮纤维对鹅消化道生理功能的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
鹅具有特殊的消化生理特点,可消化利用日粮中的纤维成分。本文主要是从日粮纤维的理化特性及其作用机理论述日粮纤维对鹅消化道的蠕动、排空时间以及消化道发育、消化道酶的分泌和消化道微生物群对消化道生理功能的影响。 相似文献
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本文综述了日粮纤维对非反刍动物肠黏膜形态和上皮细胞更新的影响及其作用机理和对动物消化功能的影响。 相似文献
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E B Breitschwerdt D A Hirakawa S A Hurlbert T M Gerig C Babineau 《American journal of veterinary research》1992,53(2):234-236
The effects of 3 experimental diets that varied only in the source of dietary protein (ie, poultry, cereal, red meat) were compared in Basenjis (n = 8) with immunoproliferative enteropathy and healthy Beagles (n = 8). Significant differences in fecal character, serum IgA concentration, and intestinal digestive and absorptive function were not induced by the different sources of dietary protein. The results of this study do not support a causal role for dietary protein source in the pathogenesis of immunoproliferative enteropathy of Basenjis. 相似文献
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A total of 260 New Zealand White growing rabbits were used to study the effect of diet on chemical composition of cecal contents and on production and composition of soft and hard feces. Eight diets varying in their acid detergent fiber (9.8% to 32.7%) and starch (13% to 30%) levels were evaluated. The diet affected (P less than .01) all the variables studied, except dry matter (DM) and molar proportions of volatile fatty acids on cecal contents. An increase of dietary crude fiber increased crude fiber level in cecal contents (from 11.58% to 26.53%). However, a relatively lower proportion of fibrous material was found in the cecal contents when rabbits were fed the more fibrous diets. This suggests that dietary fiber has a direct influence on the efficiency of particle separation in the digestive tract. Crude protein and volatile fatty acid concentrations of cecal contents decreased (from 30.14% to 19.65% and from 47.8 to 36.7 mmol/liter, respectively) when dietary crude fiber increased. This could be related to availability of energy to cecal microorganisms. Ammonia concentration of cecal contents was not affected by dietary crude fiber. Daily production of soft feces varied from 14.98 to 29.59 g DM/d, and the contribution of soft feces to total DM and to crude protein intake ranged from 10.6% to 15.0% and from 12.8% to 20.5%, respectively; these values were the smallest and the largest for the least and the most fibrous diets, respectively. From this study we conclude that dietary fiber has a major effect on the digestive processes in the rabbit and that dietary starch level has no influence on any of the variables studied. 相似文献
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本文就日粮纤维对鹅的生产性能、屠宰性能、消化道发育、肠道微生物的影响及其在日粮中的适宜添加水平作一综述。 相似文献
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The impact of dietary fiber on fecal digestion is well-known and provides a comprehensive approach toward nutrient digestibility and availability. Little quantitative information is available on digestion of fiber in the different segments of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT). The objectives of this study were to obtain a method allowing the quantification of the digestive process in different segments of the GIT and to study the impact of dietary fiber on nutrient digestibility. Six barrows (average initial BW of 30 kg and fitted with a simple T-cannula at the proximal duodenum and caudal ileum) were used in a replicated 3 x 3 Latin square design. In each period, pigs were offered 1 of 3 diets differing in fiber content (low, medium, and high). Differences in fiber content were created by replacing wheat and barley with wheat bran. Titanium dioxide was included in the diet as an indigestible marker to determine the apparent digestibility coefficients in different segments of the GIT. The apparent digestibility of ash, CP, DM, and OM increased in the different segments of the GIT. Duodenal digestibility coefficients were negative for ash (e.g., -39.9% for the medium- and high-fiber diets), indicating important endogenous mineral secretions by the stomach and digestive glands. The duodenal digestibility of other nutrients and OM were positive but close to zero and numerically lower in the diets with the greater fiber contents. The fiber content in the diet did not affect the apparent ileal digestibility of nutrients. Increasing the fiber content in the diet affected the fecal digestibility of CP, ether extract, and energy (P < 0.01). The method used for studying sites of digestion in the digestive tract provides promising results, but it is limited due to the high variability that is likely caused by sampling limitations and variation between animals. 相似文献