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1.
采用P(P -1)/2 完全双列杂交设计对6 个白桦优良个体生长性状进行一般配合力( GCA) 和特殊配合力(SCA) 分析,结果表明：2个性状同时受加性和非加性效应控制。同一亲本不同性状的一般配合力差异较大,同一性状在不同亲本间的一般配合力差异也比较大,在6个亲本中Q2 是最好的亲本,M2次之。同一性状不同组合和同一组合各性状的SCA 效应值均有较大差异,试验中苗高地径的特殊配合力最高的是8×Q1,苗高地径两个性状的一般配合力均高于特殊配合力,苗高地径的遗传力属于高强度遗传力,可以进行早期选择。 相似文献
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3.
谷子两系杂交组合的杂种优势及亲本配合力分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了解谷子两系杂种优势的亲本配合力遗传基础,本研究利用5个不育系和8个恢复系按NCII不完全双列杂交组配40份(5×8)杂种F1,对11个谷子主要农艺性状的杂种优势及配合力进行分析。结果表明,谷子两系杂交组合在穗长、穗粗、千粒重、分蘖性、单穗重、单穗粒重和产量7个性状中存在广泛的超亲优势,但除千粒重外,其余性状的显著超亲组合数较少。杂交组合的单穗重和单穗粒重与产量极显著相关,且相关系数较高。对优异亲本进行筛选发现,A2和R3为一般配合力(GCA)较好亲本,A1、A2为GCA产量效应优异亲本,A1×R3、A2×R8、A3×R5、A3×R7和A5×R1为产量特殊配合力(SCA)效应较优组合。对产量强优势组合的配合力进行分析,发现优异的两系杂交组合中包含至少1个GCA较高的亲本或拥有较高的SCA。本研究结果为谷子优异两系杂交组合的亲本选配提供了一定的理论依据。 相似文献
4.
以22个甘蓝型油菜品种(系)为亲本(17个母本,5个父本),按NCⅡ设计配成175=85个F1,在不施磷肥（CK）和施P2O5 150 kg/hm2（P150）两个处理条件下,对不同品系油菜磷素籽粒生产效率进行配合力和遗传参数分析。结果表明, 磷素籽粒生产效率（PUEs）杂交组合平均值在P150和CK处理中分别比亲本平均值高6.41%和7.64%。离中亲优势的正向组合数明显多于负向组合数,超亲优势的正向组合数（超高亲）明显多于负向组合数（超低亲）,表明PUEs存在杂种优势。PUEs的遗传参数在P150处理和CK处理中一般配合力方差相对较小,特殊配合力相对较大,PUEs遗传以非加性效应（显性效应及上位性效应）为主。在两个肥力水平下,品系9（ZS-3）的一般配合力较高,620（SY07湘05499）、 1320（NY-14湘05499）、 1421（湘05487YY-7）三个组合的特殊配合力较高。 相似文献
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为在辣椒杂交育种中提高亲本配合力,本文运用灰色系统理论模型,对4个辣椒新组合[34(55)×32(23)、34(55)×48(30)、34(55)×33(24)、34(55)×46-1]及理想品种进行了一般配合力的综合评判。结果表明,以34(55)×33(24)组合的经济性状最佳,各项性状指标与理想品种最为接近,其单果重明显高于其他组合;超双亲平均优势为22.0%,杂种优势指数为122.0%,符合辣椒新品种选育目标。 相似文献
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以来自不同种源的6个白桦(Betula platyphylla)优良树为亲本,按Griffing方法4的不完全双列杂交设计进行人工控制受粉,获得F1杂种.对白桦幼苗的株高和地径一般配合力(GCA)和特殊配合力(SCA)分析表明,白桦幼苗的株高和地径同时受加性和非加性效应控制;同一亲本不同性状的GCA差异较大,同一性状在不同亲本间的GCA差异也比较大,在6个亲本中来自清源的Q2的株高和地径GCA最高,来自帽儿山种源的M2次之;同一性状不同组合和同一组合不同性状的SCA均有较大差异,来自芬兰种源和来自清源种源的2个亲本组合E8xQ1的株高和地径的特殊配合力最高;幼苗株高和地径的一般遗传力和特殊遗传力均在60%以上,可以对株高和地径这两个性状进行早期选择. 相似文献
7.
本试验选用５个性状各有特色的小麦优异突变体进行双列杂交（无反交）。利用１０个组合Ｆ１和５个亲本材料研究了８个农艺性状的杂种优势和配合力。Ｆ１显性程度表明：除抽穗期以负向优势为主外，其余７个性状均以正向优势占主导。亲本本身表现与一般配合力效应大小呈显相关，但一般配合力效应大小与杂种优势的表现并不完全一致。作为种质资源，矮秆突变体８９０３７６对降低后代株高最有利，大粒突变体核生二号最有利于提高后代的 相似文献
8.
抗黄矮病小麦品系粒重遗传特性研究 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2
采用Griffing方法I,对抗黄矮病 (BYDV)小麦品系单株粒重、单穗粒重和千粒重遗传特性研究结果表明 ,3种粒重遗传符合加性 显性遗传模型 ,细胞质作用对千粒重影响较小 ,株粒重和穗粒重则存在明显核质互作 ;3个抗黄矮病品系中“临抗 1号”单株产量特殊配合力方差最大 ,一般配合力效应值也较高 ,亲本组合间存在极显著差异 ,为优良抗病丰产亲本 ,在抗病育种中有较大利用价值。 相似文献
9.
《南方农业》2016,(31)
选用3个自育宽柄芥不育系和4个父本系(自交系),采用NCⅡ(不完全双列杂交)设计的原理和方法,分析了宽柄芥杂交亲本及组合主要农艺性状的一般配合力、特殊配合力及遗传参数。结果表明:F1代柄肋鲜重、开展度、单株鲜重、产量、株高的特殊配合力高于一般配合力,说明大多数农艺性状受非加性效应影响;各农艺性状广义遗传力大于狭义遗传力,表明这些性状主要由非加性基因控制,受环境影响大;不育系K46A和DJA除个别性状外10个性状GCA均呈正向效应,是有利用价值的亲本。不育系K6A及父本系K42、DJK、SGK、HK部分性状的GCA呈正向效应,部分呈负向效应,可根据育种目标有针对性地选用;"K6A×K42""DJA×HK""K46A×SGK"组合具有很强的杂种优势和增产潜力,在实际生产中应加强利用。 相似文献
10.
陆地棉优质新种质主要经济性状配合力分析 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
两个陆地棉型优质新种质— 95 42 2系和 95 1 78系同鲁棉 1 4号、中棉所 1 6号和Acala4 42共 5个亲本配成 5× 5 =2 5个杂交组合 ,按Criffing方法 1、模式Ⅰ设计分析了F1 纤维长度、纤维强度、马克隆值、皮棉产量、衣分率、单株铃数、单铃重和籽指共 8个主要经济性状的配合力、遗传力。经分析 ,3个纤维品质性状的遗传主要受加性效应控制。纤维长度的加性效应远比非加性效应的作用重要 ,并估算出较高的广义遗传力 (94 8% )。加性效应为控制马克隆值遗传最主要的成份 ,非加性效应虽占比重小 ,但特殊配合力仍达极显著水平 ,马克隆值的广义遗传力较高 (84 1 5 % )。纤维强度为加性效应所控制 ,非加性效应作用微小。 5个产量性状的广义遗传力中等偏下 ,其中以皮棉产量最高 (6 5 31 % ) ,一般配合力和特殊配合力效应方差均达到极显著水平 相似文献
11.
低氮和干旱胁迫对富士和秦冠生长及氮素利用的影响 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
【目的】以富士（Fuji）、 秦冠（Qinguan）嫁接在平邑甜茶（Malus hupehensis Rehd.）上的当年生盆栽苗为试验材料,采用砂培方法,研究了缺氮胁迫和干旱对富士和秦冠生长情况、 光合参数、 植株各部位氮磷钾含量及氮素利用效率的影响,分析比较了低氮干旱条件下富士和秦冠生长及氮素利用的差异,以期为果树生产高效肥水利用提供理论指导。【方法】试验共设四个处理: 正常氮正常水（ZZ）、 低氮正常水（DZ）、 正常氮干旱（ZG）、 低氮干旱（DG）。氮素和水分均设置两个水平,分别为正常氮（6 mmol/L NO-3-N）、 低氮（0.3 mmol/LNO-3-N）、 正常供水（保持盆中砂子相对含水量为饱和含水量的80%~85%）、 干旱处理（保持盆中砂子相对含水量为饱和含水量的60%~65%）。【结果】富士和秦冠的生物量（茎和叶）、 株高茎粗等生长指标以及光合速率、 气孔导度、 蒸腾速率均为正常氮正常水（ZZ）＞低氮正常水（DZ）＞正常氮干旱（ZG）＞低氮干旱（DG）,并且相对应处理下秦冠的以上指标均高于富士;正常供水下,缺氮处理使富士、 秦冠的根冠比比正常氮处理均有所增加,富士提高了2.05%,秦冠提高了22.40%。富士和秦冠的氮、 磷、 钾含量均表现出正常氮正常水（ZZ）＞低氮正常水（DZ）＞正常氮干旱（ZG）＞低氮干旱（DG）; 氮、 钾元素含量在植株各部位的分布顺序依次是叶＞根＞茎,磷元素则是根＞叶＞茎;光合氮素利用效率（PNUE）和氮素利用效率表现为秦冠处理之间差异极显著,富士处理之间差异不显著;秦冠的PNUE和NUE明显高于富士,在低氮正常水（DZ）处理下,秦冠氮肥利用率比富士高42.07%,在低氮干旱（DG）处理下高64.14%;低氮胁迫下富士和秦冠的NUE显著提高,并且秦冠提高的幅度高于富士。【结论】施用氮肥能够显著提高富士与秦冠的干物质量,同等水肥条件下,秦冠生长优于富士;水分亏缺会减少叶片对氮的吸收,干旱条件下适度增施氮肥,可提高果树的抗旱能力;低氮干旱胁迫下秦冠的生长指标、 光合指标及氮素利用效率指标均优于富士,表现出较强的抗低氮干旱胁迫的能力。 相似文献
12.
Aleš Lebeda Ivana Doležalová Eva Křístková Barbora Mieslerová 《Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution》2001,48(2):153-164
Staff members of the Department of Botany of Palacký University in Olomouc and Gene Bank Department – Workplace Olomouc, Research Institute of Crop Production in Prague, Czech Republic, conducted an expedition in seven European countries (Austria, Czech Republic, France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Switzerland) in August/September 1999 to collect wild Lactuca spp. germplasm and study its geographic distribution, ecology and biodiversity. During the mission, more than 600 locations were visited resulting in the collection of 602 seed samples (accessions) of wild Lactuca species and 13 seed samples of related genera (Chondrilla and Mycelis). Lactuca serriola f. serriola, L. serriola f. integrifolia, L. saligna and L. viminea subsp. chondrilliflora were prevalent in southern Europe (Italy, France), however, only L. serriola was common in central and western Europe (Austria, Czech Republic, Germany, Netherlands, Switzerland). The greatest diversity of Lactuca species was found in France, where also the most seed samples (165) were collected. The most characteristic habitats with a high density of Lactuca spp. populations were observed along roads and highways, grassy ditches, ruderal communities, and dust-heaps. Natural infections by powdery mildew (Erysiphe cichoracearum) and downy mildew (Bremia lactucae) on some wild Lactuca spp. were observed. Recent observations concerning the geographic distribution, population structure, habitats, and natural occurrence of diseases of Lactuca spp. are discussed. This assemblage of genetic resources of Lactuca spp. can serve as the basis of future studies of species diversification, spatial population structure, plant microevolution, domestication processes, and genetic variability of host-parasite interactions. 相似文献
13.
Kyle Devey Michael Mucalo Gordon Rajendram Joseph Lane 《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2015,46(4):72-80
Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is a new technique for the analysis of plant material. This study investigates the application of LIBS to pasture-based plant samples. The LIBS measurements were obtained from pelletized pasture samples (100 samples) that had been also analyzed by inductively coupled plasma–optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) following microwave digestion for calibration and comparison purposes. Comparisons for elements sodium (Na), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), boron (B), phosphorus (P), and sulfur (S) showed that LIBS could be used for almost all the standard profile total elements with concentrations down to low mg/kg levels (observed error of Na: 0.024 percent, K: 0.18 percent, Mg: 0.016 percent, Ca: 0.073 percent, P: 0.017 percent, Mn: 31 mg/kg, Fe: 150 mg/kg, Zn: 6.6 mg/kg, and B: 1.1 mg/kg). Elemental analysis at less than mg/kg levels was not possible using LIBS. The elements S and Cu were particularly difficult to analyze with reliability using LIBS at the concentration levels found in the plant samples. Replacing microwave digestion and subsequent ICP analysis with a direct analysis of dried plant samples using LIBS has the potential to improve the productivity and reduce the cost of testing. 相似文献
14.
Thomas Larsen Jesper Luxhøi Jakob Magid Lars Stoumann Jensen Paul Henning Krogh 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2007,44(1):59-68
We have studied the effect of anaerobically digested (ADMSW) and composted municipal solid waste (CMSW) on mineralization
and foodweb dynamics to verify the hypothesis that ADMSW would immobilize N right after addition to soil in contrast to addition
with CMSW. Another hypothesis was that the mesofauna (enchytraeids and microarthropods) would stimulate N release from the
decomposer community. We measured excretion of -N and urea-N from the mesofauna and hypothesized that enchytraeids would release urea. ADMSW and CMSW were amended to pots
with sandy loam and barley. The pots were divided into treatments with or without mesofauna. Mesofauna, plant N and biomass,
soil N and ergosterol (fungal biomass) were measured over a 113-day period of four equidistant samplings. Soil respiration,
N mineralization and N release by the mesofauna were modelled from concurrent studies. ADMSW- and CMSW-treated soils initially
(<20 days) immobilized N. The amendments did not increase plant growth substantially, and this was probably due to N-limitation
in the early stages of plant growth. Enchytraeid abundance was about three times higher in ADMSW- than CMSW-treated soils,
indicating that ADMSW contained more labile compounds, bacteria, and microfauna. The mesofauna did not affect N-content, but
the cumulated -N excreted by the mesofauna was estimated to be substantial and about one-fifth of total plant N in ADMSW. An explanation
for this discrepancy might be that in the absence of the mesofauna, other members of the detrivore and microbivore community
performed the mesofauna’s function. Neither enchytraeids nor microarthropods excreted urea. 相似文献
15.
《中国生态农业学报》2014,(6)
正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology, 相似文献
16.
《中国生态农业学报》2014,(7)
正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology, 相似文献
17.
《中国生态农业学报》2014,(8)
正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology, 相似文献
18.
I.L. Boyd 《Biological conservation》2010,143(7):1664-1674
“Wicked” problems are those that are complex and that change when solutions are applied. Many conflicts in conservation fall into this category. The study approached the problem of how to constrain the apparent wickedness of a problem in the conservation management of a species by using simple empirical indicators to carry out iterative assessment of the risk to a population and to document how this risk evolves in relation to the addition of new data and the implementation of management actions. Effects of high levels of uncertainty within data and also concerning population structure were examined through stochastic simulation and by exploration of scenarios. Historical trends in the example used, the Steller sea lion, showed rapid declines in abundance in some regions during the 1980s. The current total population is 130,000-150,000 Steller sea lions through Alaska and British Columbia and this number has been stable since about 1990 in spite of regional differences in population dynamics. Regional differences in the sequence of changes in the number of pups and non-pups, suggested that an internal re-distribution of juveniles could have happened between 1980 and 1990. Current productivity also appears close to the long-term mean. Stochastic population projection using various scenarios showed that, based upon this history, the risk of extinction for the population has declined and is below reasonable thresholds for considering the population to be endangered. The trends in risk suggest that management actions taken since 1990 have probably been effective. Consequently, the conservation management objectives for the Steller sea lion are probably being met. The approach provides a mechanism, based upon experience and scenario analysis, for exploring future policy options and may help to constrain the debate amongst stakeholders about the cost-benefit trade-offs associated with different options. 相似文献
19.
Soil-profile distribution of primary and secondary plant-available nutrients under conventional and no tillage 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Nutrient distributions under no tillage (NT) compared with conventional disk-and-bed tillage (CT) management in the warm, humid region of the southeastern USA need to be assessed so that future placement, quantity, and type of fertilizers can be altered, if necessary, to efficiently match crop demands. We determined soil-profile distributions of pH, N, P, S, K, Ca, Mg, Na, Zn, Fe, Mn, and Cu to a depth of 0.9 m at the end of 8.5 years of continuous CT and NT management on a Weswood silty clay loam (fine, mixed, thermic Fluventic Ustochrept) in southcentral Texas. Most dramatic changes occurred within the 0–0.05 m depth, where soil under NT had lower pH, Fe, and Cu than under CT, but greater P, K, Zn, and Mn. Greater P and K under NT than under CT also occurred below the till-zone (0.15–0.3 m). At a depth of 0–0.3 m, soil under NT contained greater amounts of extractable P, K, Zn, Fe, Mn, and Cu than under CT. Nitrogen fertilization had little effect on nutrient distributions, except resulting in greater extractable K at 0–0.05 m and greater nitrate at 0–0.15 m. Few changes in soil-profile distributions were observed for extractable S, Ca, Mg, and Na. Long-term continuous use of NT on this fine-textured, high-fertility (except for N) soil had no apparent adverse effects on nutrient distributions relative to CT, but enhanced conservation and availability of P, K, Zn, Fe, Mn, and Cu near the soil surface where crop roots proliferate. 相似文献
20.
M.A. Callaham Jr. J.M. BlairT.C. Todd D.J. KitchenM.R. Whiles 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2003,35(8):1079-1093
The responses of tallgrass prairie plant communities and ecosystem processes to fire and grazing are well characterized. However, responses of invertebrate consumer groups, and particularly soil-dwelling organisms, to these disturbances are not well known. At Konza Prairie Biological Station, we sampled soil macroinvertebrates in 1994 and 1999 as part of a long-term experiment designed to examine the effects and interactions of annual fire, mowing, and fertilization (N and P) on prairie soil communities and processes. For nearly all taxa, in both years, responses were characterized by significant treatment interactions, but some general patterns were evident. Introduced European earthworms (Aporrectodea spp. and Octolasion spp.) were most abundant in plots where fire was excluded, and the proportion of the total earthworm community consisting of introduced earthworms was greater in unburned, unmowed, and fertilized plots. Nymphs of two Cicada genera were collected (Cicadetta spp. and Tibicen spp.). Cicadetta nymphs were more abundant in burned plots, but mowing reduced their abundance. Tibicen nymphs were collected almost exclusively from unburned plots. Treatment effects on herbivorous beetle larvae (Scarabaeidae, Elateridae, and Curculionidae) were variable, but nutrient additions (N or P) usually resulted in greater densities, whereas mowing usually resulted in lower densities. Our results suggest that departures from historical disturbance regimes (i.e. frequent fire and grazing) may render soils more susceptible to increased numbers of European earthworms, and that interactions between fire, aboveground biomass removal, and vegetation responses affect the structure and composition of invertebrate communities in tallgrass prairie soils. 相似文献