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1.
日粮不同纤维水平和精粗比对绒山羊瘤胃内中性洗涤纤维和酸性洗涤纤维消失率的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
选用18只、2.5岁、体重25kg左右的安装永久性瘤胃瘘管的内蒙古白绒山羊羯羊,用尼龙袋法测定了3个精粗比(30∶70、20∶80、10∶90)6个中性洗涤纤维(NDF)水平(49%、52%、59%、55%、62%和65%)日粮中的中性洗涤纤维和酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)2、4、6、8、12、24、48和72h的消失率。结果表明:NDF水平为52%时,绒山羊日粮中的NDF和ADF消失率较高。精粗比例为30∶70、20∶80和10∶90时,绒山羊日粮中的中性洗涤纤维和酸性洗涤纤维消失率受影响不同,精粗比20∶80日粮组2～72hNDF和ADF消失率较高,其中2h和72h时NDF和ADF消失率明显高于30∶70和10∶90日粮组。由此可以得出,绒山羊配合饲料中纤维素水平为52%,精粗比例为20∶80较适宜。 相似文献
2.
试验研究日粮铜(Cu)、钼(Mo)添加水平对辽宁绒山羊瘤胃发酵指标的影响。选用18月龄体重相近,装有永久性瘤胃瘘管的辽宁绒山羊羯羊12只,采用完全随机分组试验设计,分成4组,每组3只。试验分为Mo 0处理和Mo5处理,Mo0处理日粮是在基础日粮中不加Mo,Mo5处理日粮是在基础日粮中加Mo(DM)5 mg/kg,每期设4个Cu水平,即0、20、30、40 mg/kg。结果表明:日粮中添加Mo 5 mg/kg显著降低了瘤胃液的pH,而显著提高了氨氮浓度、乙酸和总VFA浓度(P<0.05);日粮中添加不同水平的铜对瘤胃液pH和氨氮浓度影响差异不显著,但显著提高了乙酸、丙酸、总VFA的浓度(P<0.05);铜钼互作对氨氮浓度、乙酸、丙酸、丁酸及总VFA的浓度影响差异显著,对pH影响差异不显著。结果显示,当日粮中添加Mo为5 mg/kg,Cu为20 mg/kg时,有最适宜的瘤胃发酵水平。 相似文献
3.
试验选用4头带有瘤胃瘘管的内蒙古白绒山羊作为瘤胃液供体羊,以2种不同精粗比(2:8和3:7)的粗料型日粮为培养底物,研究不同苹果酸添加量(0、3、6、9和12 mmol/L)对内蒙古白绒山羊瘤胃发酵的影响.结果表明,不同精粗比日粮下,产气量、氨氮浓度、TVFA浓度及干物质(DM)降解率均是3:7日粮的较高,而pH以2:8日粮略高,差异均不显著.添加苹果酸后,3:7日粮在培养2和18h后,各试验组产气量、TVFA浓度、DM降解率均比对照组高,差异显著;而氨氮浓度是6和9mmol/,L组均显著高于对照组;2:8日粮在培养24 h后,各试验组的产气量、TVFA浓度、DM降解率和氨氮浓度均高于对照组,但差异不显著;pH在2种日粮下均降低,培养2和4 h,差异显著,但最终pH都超过6.30,适合正常瘤胃内环境的pH. 相似文献
4.
试验旨在研究不同水平的粗蛋白(CP)及瘤胃非降解蛋白(RUP)的日粮对奶牛瘤胃代谢的影响。试验选择18头健康、体重相近的荷斯坦奶牛作为试验动物,随机分为6组,每组3头。采用2×3因子完全随机试验设计,其中CP设7.5%(低)、9%(中)1、0.5%(高)三个水平,RUP设45%CP(低)、55%CP(高)两个水平,共6个处理组,饲喂相同基础日粮,精粗比为3:7,预饲期10 d,饲喂后2、4、8、12、24 h从食道采集瘤胃液2 d,测定瘤胃液pH值,NH3-N、微生物蛋白质(BCP)、挥发性脂肪酸(VFA)含量。结果表明:日粮CP水平对瘤胃液氨氮浓度的影响极显著(P<0.01),对BCP及VFA的含量影响较小,总体而言,9%CP水平组对奶牛的瘤胃发酵略好于其他两组;日粮中高RUP(55%CP)可以显著降低瘤胃pH值且有降低NH3-N浓度的趋势,同时,对瘤胃BCP及VFA的合成有一定的促进作用。本试验条件下,日粮中CP(9%)和RUP(55%CP)可在一定程度上改善瘤胃代谢。 相似文献
5.
在精粗比为50∶50的滩羊日粮中,添加不同比例的裂壶藻粉(0,1%,2%,3%)进行了体外批次发酵培养,测定不同时间点的产气量、pH、中性洗涤纤维(NDF)、氨态氮浓度(NH3-N)、微生物蛋白(MCP)和挥发性脂肪酸(VFA)含量,计算不同组合的单项组合效应指数(SFAEI)和多项组合效应指数(MFAEI),探讨裂壶藻粉藻在瘤胃中最佳的添加比例。结果表明:添加比例为3%裂壶藻粉组产气量、pH及NH3-N浓度最高(P<0.05),2%裂壶藻粉组NDF消化率、VFA浓度最高(P<0.05),1%裂壶藻粉组MCP浓度最高(P<0.05)。研究结果显示,在精粗比为50∶50的日粮条件下,裂壶藻粉在滩羊日粮中的适宜添加比例为2%。 相似文献
6.
不同日粮氮水平对山羊氮代谢和微生物蛋白质合成的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
本试验旨在探讨不同日粮氮水平对内蒙古白绒山羊氮代谢和微生物蛋白质合成(MCP)的影响,以达到提高氮利用率,减少环境污染和饲料资源的浪费。试验选用9只体况良好、体重为(43.83±2.95)kg,装有瘤胃瘘管的内蒙古白绒山羊,按体重随机分为3组,每组3只。日粮分为低氮7.5%、中氮10.5%、高氮13.5%3个氮水平。试验使用常规试验方法分析测定粪尿血液等生化指标,通过全收尿法和尿嘌呤衍生物法估测MCP。结果表明:随着氮水平增加,氨氮(NH3-N)浓度、氮摄入量、尿氮排出、尿中尿素氮(UUN)和MCP显著增加(P0.05),干物质采食量(DMI)显著降低(P0.01);沉积氮占总摄入氮的比例在中氮组最高,MCP在高氮组最高。综上所述,适当降低日粮氮水平可减少粪尿氮排放,提高反刍动物氮利用率。 相似文献
7.
灌注果寡糖对生长绵羊瘤胃发酵功能的影响 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
采用营养灌注技术研究了果寡糖对生长绵羊瘤胃发酵功能的影响。试验选取6只安装有永久性瘤胃瘘管的内蒙古半细毛羯羊，随机分为两组，试验组一灌注1．00％果寡糖，试验组二灌注2．00％果寡糖。结果表明：灌注果寡糖可以显著（P〈0．05）降低试羊的瘤胃液相pH和瘤胃内的NH3-N浓度，显著提高（P〈0．05）瘤胃内的VFA含量和MCP含量。两个灌注水平都可以提高生长绵羊的瘤胃发酵功能。但2．00％的灌注水平仅在瘤胃NH3-N浓度的降幅方面比1．00％的灌注水平显著增大（P〈0．05），在对瘤胃液相pH值、VFA含量和MCP含量的影响方面两个灌注水平没有显著差异（P〉0．05）。 相似文献
8.
酵母培养物对内蒙古白绒山羊瘤胃发酵的影响 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：3
选择12只年龄相同的安装永久性瘤胃瘘管的内蒙古白绒山羊半同胞羯羊,按体重配对原则分为4组,其中A1、A3处理组饲喂精粗比为3∶7的基础日粮,B1、B2处理组饲喂精粗比为2∶8的基础日粮。采用自身对照试验方法,对照期饲喂基础日粮,试验期在基础日粮中分别添加不同水平的酵母培养物(YC)。各处理YC添加量A1为2.0%;A3为3.0%;B1为2.0%;B2为2.5%。结果表明:添加YC极显著(P<0.01)降低A3和B1处理瘤胃NH3-N浓度,极显著(P<0.01)提高A1处理的瘤胃NH3-N浓度。添加YC能显著(P<0.05)提高绒山羊瘤胃乙酸、丙酸和丁酸的浓度,总VFA浓度得到极显著(P<0.01)提高;对乙酸/丙酸比没有显著影响。显著提高B1和B2处理菌体蛋白含量。 相似文献
9.
钾是瘤胃微生物必需的矿物元素之一,为研究钾对瘤胃发酵的影响,试验以短期人工瘤胃发酵装置研究2种日粮类型添加K2CO3对瘤胃有机物发酵、pH和挥发性脂肪酸(VFA)产生的影响.日粮钾的添加量明显影响人工瘤胃的日粮有机物消失率.精粗比为5:5日粮中添加钾0.3%时,对照组和K2CO3组间瘤胃液pH、总挥发性脂肪酸(TVFA)、丙酸和乙酸浓度没有明显差异,添加0.3%钾明显降低日粮有机物消失率,发酵液氨态氮浓度下降,但使日粮中性洗涤纤维(NDF)消失率提高(P<0.05).精粗比7:3日粮添加钾0.2%对TVFA、丙酸、乙酸和氨态氮浓度没有影响,但使瘤胃液pH明显上升,日粮有机物消失率提高,而NDF消失率下降.试验结果表明,日粮碳酸钾添加量明显影响体外瘤胃发酵. 相似文献
10.
11.
Six natural plant extracts and three secondary plant metabolites were tested at five doses (0, 0.3, 3, 30, and 300 mg/L) and two different pH (7.0 and 5.5) in a duplicate 9 x 5 x 2 factorial arrangement of treatments to determine their effects on in vitro microbial fermentation using ruminal fluid from heifers fed a high-concentrate finishing diet. Treatments were extracts of garlic (GAR), cinnamon (CIN), yucca (YUC), anise (ANI), oregano (ORE), and capsicum (CAP) and pure cinnamaldehyde (CDH), anethole (ATL), and eugenol (EUG). Each treatment was tested in triplicate and in two periods. Fifty milliliters of a 1:1 ruminal fluid-to-buffer solution were introduced into polypropylene tubes supplied with 0.5 g of DM of a 10:90 forage:concentrate diet (15.4% CP, 16.0% NDF; DM basis) and incubated for 24 h at 39 degrees C. Samples were collected for ammonia N and VFA concentrations. The decrease in pH from 7.0 to 5.5 resulted in lower (P < 0.05) total VFA, ammonia N, branched-chain VFA concentration, acetate proportion, and acetate:propionate, and in a higher (P < 0.05) propionate proportion. The interaction between pH and doses was significant for all measurements, except for ATL and CDH for butyrate, ATL and EUG for acetate:propionate ratio, and ORE for ammonia N concentration. The high dose of all plant extracts decreased (P < 0.05) total VFA concentrations. When pH was 7.0, ATL, GAR, CAP, and CDH decreased (P < 0.05) total VFA concentration, and ANI, ORE, CIN, CAP, and CDH increased (P < 0.05) the acetate:propionate. The CIN, GAR, CAP, CDH, ORE, and YUC decreased (P < 0.05), and EUG, ANI, and ATL increased (P < 0.05) ammonia N concentration. The effects of plant extracts on the fermentation profile when pH was 7.0 were not favorable for beef production. In contrast, when pH was 5.5, total VFA concentration did not change (ATL, ANI, ORE, and CIN) or increased (P < 0.05) (EUG, GAR, CAP, CDH, and YUC), and the acetate:propionate (ORE, GAR, CAP, CDH, and YUC) decreased (P < 0.05), which would be favorable for beef production. Ammonia N (ATL, ANI, CIN, GAR, CAP, and CDH) and branched-chain VFA (ATL, EUG, ANI, ORE, CAP, and CDH) concentrations also were decreased (P < 0.05), suggesting that deamination was inhibited. Results indicate that the effects of plant extracts on ruminal fermentation in beef cattle diets may differ depending on ruminal pH. When pH was 5.5, GAR, CAP, YUC, and CDH altered ruminal microbial fermentation in favor of propionate, which is more energetically efficient. 相似文献
12.
为了研究不同蛋白质饲料对陕北绒山羊瘤胃内环境和瘤胃微生物区系的影响,试验选择4只装有永久性瘤胃瘘管的陕北绒山羊,采用4×4拉丁方设计,分别饲喂棉籽粕(A组)、玉米蛋白粉(B组)、豆粕(C组)和菜籽饼(D组)4种蛋白质日粮,测定瘤胃液pH值、氨态氮浓度、精料蛋白质降解率、瘤胃微生物蛋白浓度以及微生物群体结构。结果表明:各组瘤胃液pH值均在6.07～6.63之间,各组间差异不显著(P>0.05);氨态氮浓度变化范围为99.1～265.6 mg/L,A组与D组差异不显著(P>0.05),其他各组间不同时间段均差异显著(P<0.05)或极显著(P<0.01);各组粗蛋白降解率均随着时间的延长呈上升趋势,其中C组的消化率最高;在饲喂后随着时间的延长,瘤胃微生物蛋白量呈先降低再升高再降低的趋势,在采食前各组间差异不显著(P>0.05),采食后C组处于较高水平,与其他3组差异极显著(P<0.01);通过对原虫蛋白与细菌蛋白的比较,发现4种不同蛋白质饲料对瘤胃内微生物结构的影响不显著(P>0.05)。 相似文献
13.
本试验旨在探讨饲粮中添加不同氨基酸组成的二肽对羊体外瘤胃发酵特性的影响.以4只装有永久性瘤胃瘘管的健康南江黄羊作为瘤胃液供体,采用单因素试验设计,共5个处理,对照组采用基础培养底物,试验组在基础培养底物中分别添加2％的亮氨酸-色氨酸(LeuTrp)、缬氨酸-蛋氨酸(Val-Met)、酪氨酸-丙氨酸(Tyr-Ala)和苯丙氨酸-缬氨酸(Phe-Val).培养后2、4、8、12、24 h,测定培养液pH、氨态氮(NH3-N)浓度、挥发性脂肪酸(VFA)含量以及微生物蛋白质(MCP)产量.结果表明:各时间点Val-Met组培养液pH低于其他各组,除24 h外其他时间点均差异显著(P＜0.05);与对照组相比,试验组总挥发性脂肪酸(TVFA)浓度和MCP产量均显著提高(P＜0.05),NH3-N浓度以及乙酸/丙酸均显著降低(P＜0.05);Val-Met 组TVFA浓度和MCP产量显著高于其他试验组(P＜0.05),NH3-N浓度在一定程度上(P＞0.05)或显著(P＜0.05)低于其他试验组,另外2、4和12 h时Val-Met组的乙酸/丙酸也显著低于其他试验组(P＜0.05).结果提示,饲粮中添加二肽有利于瘤胃微生物的发酵,提高VFA含量和MCP产量,降低NH3-N浓度以及乙酸/丙酸,本试验条件下,以添加2％ Val-Met效果最好. 相似文献
14.
Six Holstein heifers (initial BW = 65.2 +/- 1.8 kg) fitted with ruminal cannulas were used in a repeated measures trial to assess the effect of age and forage-to-concentrate ratio on ruminal fermentation end products and in situ degradation kinetics of four plant protein supplements (soybean meal, sunflower meal, peas, and lupin seeds). Alfalfa hay also was incubated in situ to estimate NDF degradation. Three experimental periods were conducted at 13, 27, and 41 wk of age. Heifers were fed one of two diets, 12:88 vs. 30:70 forage-to-concentrate ratio (DM basis), offered as total mixed ration on an ad libitum basis. Intakes of DM, OM, CP, NDF, and ADG were not affected (P > or = 0.105) by diet. The 30:70 diet resulted in faster (P = 0.045) fluid passage rate and decreased (P = 0.015) ammonia N concentration compared with the 12:88 diet, but no differences (P > or = 0.244) were detected in ruminal pH and total VFA concentration between diets. The rate of degradation and the effective degradability of N in protein supplements was greater with the 30:70 diet for peas (P < or = 0.008) and lupin seeds (P < or = 0.02), and in the 12:88 diet for sunflower meal (P < or = 0.06). Degradation of NDF of alfalfa hay was low with both diets (18.5 and 23.7 % for 12:88 and 30:70, respectively); however, the rate and extent of DM and NDF degradation were greater (P < or = 0.016) with the 30:70 diet, suggesting a higher cellulolytic activity. Total VFA concentration and the proportion of propionate increased (P < or = 0.035), and the acetate proportion decreased (P = 0.021) with age. Average pH, ammonia N concentration, and passage rates were not affected (P > or = 0.168) by age. Degradation rate and effective degradability of N of sunflower meal, peas, lupin seeds, and of DM of alfalfa hay increased (P < or = 0.08) with age, but degradation kinetics of NDF of alfalfa hay was not affected (P > or = 0.249). The increase in the rate and extent of N degradation with age would suggest an increase in proteolytic activity, and the changes in the fermentation pattern may reflect an increase in amylolytic activity caused mainly by an increase in the gross intake of nonstructural carbohydrates and by adaptation of ruminal microflora after long exposure to these nutrients. 相似文献
15.
Effects of distillers grains with high sulfur concentration on ruminal fermentation and digestibility of finishing diets 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Uwituze S Parsons GL Karges KK Gibson ML Hollis LC Higgins JJ Drouillard JS 《Journal of animal science》2011,89(9):2817-2828
Twelve ruminally cannulated crossbred Angus steers were used to evaluate ruminal fermentation characteristics and diet digestibility when 30% (DM) corn dried distillers grains with solubles (DDGS) containing 0.42 or 0.65% (DM) of dietary S was incorporated into finishing diets based on steam-flaked corn (SFC) or dry-rolled corn (DRC). The study was a replicated, balanced randomized incomplete block design with a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments. Factors consisted of dietary S concentration (0.42 and 0.65% of DM; 0.42S and 0.65S, respectively) and grain processing method (SFC or DRC). The 0.65S concentration was achieved by adding H(2)SO(4) to DDGS before mixing rations. Steers were assigned randomly to diets and individual, slatted-floor pens, and fed once daily for ad libitum intake. Two 15-d experimental periods were used, each consisting of a 12-d diet adaptation phase and a 3-d sample collection phase. Samples were collected at 2-h intervals postfeeding during the collection phase. Ruminal pH was measured immediately after sampling, and concentrations of ruminal ammonia and VFA were determined. Fecal samples were composited by steer within period and used to determine apparent total tract digestibilities of DM, OM, NDF, CP, starch, and ether extract. Feeding 0.65S tended (P = 0.08) to decrease DMI but resulted in greater apparent total tract digestibilities of DM (P = 0.04) and ether extract (P = 0.03). Ruminal pH increased (P < 0.05) in steers fed 0.65S diets, which may be attributable, in part, to decreased (P = 0.05) VFA concentrations and greater (P < 0.01) ruminal ammonia concentrations when 0.65S was fed, compared with feeding 0.42S. These effects were more exaggerated in steers fed DRC (interaction, P < 0.01), compared with steers fed SFC. Steers fed DRC-0.65S had greater (P < 0.01) acetate concentration than steers fed DRC-0.42S, but acetate concentration was not affected by S concentration when SFC was fed. Propionate concentration was decreased (P < 0.01) in steers fed SFC-0.65S compared with steers fed SFC-0.42S, but dietary S concentration had no effect on propionate concentration when DRC was fed. Butyrate concentration was less (P < 0.01) in steers fed 0.65S diets than in steers fed 0.42S. Lactate concentrations tended (P = 0.06) to decrease in steers fed 0.65S diets. Feeding DDGS with increased S concentration may decrease feed intake and ruminal VFA concentration but increase ruminal ammonia concentration. 相似文献
16.
Hristov AN Ropp JK Grandeen KL Abedi S Etter RP Melgar A Foley AE 《Journal of animal science》2005,83(2):408-421
This study was conducted to investigate the effect of dextrose, starch, NDF, and a carbohydrate (CHO) mix on utilization of ruminal ammonia in dairy cows. Four ruminally and duodenally cannulated Holstein cows (BW = 788 +/- 31 kg; 217 +/- 35 d in milk) were allocated to four treatments in a 4 x 4 Latin square design trial. Cows were fed an all alfalfa diet at 12-h intervals (DMI = 22.2 +/- 0.25 kg/d). Treatments were control, white oat fiber (NDF); corn dextrose (GLU); cornstarch (STA); and a CHO mix (25% of each): apple pectin, GLU, STA, and NDF (MIX). Carbohydrates were introduced intraruminally during feeding at 20% of dietary DMI. Ruminal ammonia was labeled with (15)N. Ruminal pH was the highest for NDF followed by STA and MIX and GLU (P < 0.001). Ruminal ammonia concentration and pool size were decreased by GLU and STA compared with NDF (P < 0.001 and P = 0.03, respectively). Acetate, isobutyrate, isovalerate, and total VFA concentration in the rumen were decreased (P = 0.009 to 0.001), and butyrate was increased (P < 0.001) by GLU compared with the other CHO. Microbial N flow to the duodenum was decreased (P < 0.05) by NDF compared with the other CHO, and the flow of microbial N formed from ammonia was greater for STA compared with GLU and NDF (P = 0.04 and 0.03, respectively). Urinary N loss was decreased (P = 0.05) by GLU and STA, but overall (feces plus urine) N losses were not affected (P = 0.73) by treatment. Milk urea concentration was lowered by GLU and STA compared with NDF and MIX (P = 0.002). The proportion of bacterial N synthesized from ammonia in the rumen was greater with STA than with NDF and MIX and was least for GLU (P = 0.02). Irreversible ammonia loss and flux were lower (P = 0.09 and 0.02, respectively) for GLU than for STA and NDF. As a percentage of the dose given, cumulative secretion of (15)N ammonia in milk protein was greater for STA than for GLU or NDF (P = 0.01 and 0.001, respectively). This experiment demonstrated that provision of readily fermentable energy can decrease ammonia concentrations in the rumen through decreased ammonia production (GLU), or through enhanced uptake of ammonia for microbial protein synthesis (STA). Rapidly fermentable energy in the rumen decreased ammonia production and flux, but the overall efficiency of ammonia utilization for milk protein synthesis was only increased by enhancing ruminal microbial ammonia uptake. 相似文献
17.
河西绒山羊和内蒙古白绒山羊生存环境相同,前者产绒量低,绒品质好,后者产绒量高,绒品质相对较差。本文旨在评价内蒙古白绒山羊与河西绒山羊杂交对后代产绒量和绒品质的影响。从河西绒山羊主产地平山湖测定11只河西绒山羊、10只内蒙古白绒山羊和10只杂种产绒量,采集颈部山羊绒测定细度、含绒率和长度。测定结果表明河西绒山羊与内蒙古白绒山羊杂交后,杂种后代平均产绒量比河西绒山羊提高了23.43%。杂种后代的山羊绒平均细度比河西绒山羊粗0.32μm,比内蒙古白绒山羊细1.64μm。杂种后代山羊绒长度比河西绒山羊增加5.85mm,比内蒙古白绒山羊增加2.90 mm。 相似文献
18.
Lambs (29 +/- 2.5 kg) were fed three diets at various intakes to determine whether diet composition or level of intake was reflected in changes in diet digestibility or ruminal fluid characteristics. In Exp. 1, a 90% concentrated, pelleted diet or a whole shelled corn diet with a pelleted protein supplement was fed at three levels of intake: ad libitum and 92.5 and 85% of ad libitum (n = 15). Exp. 2 compared the 90% concentrate diet with diets in which the energy density was diluted to 55 or 72.5% concentrate by including alfalfa hay as a possible method of restricting energy intake (n = 6). Lambs were adapted to diets for 13 d; feces were collected for 6 d and ruminal fluid was collected 0, 3, and 6 h after feeding on the day following fecal collection. Restricting intake in Exp. 1 did not affect DM digestibility or digestibility of CP or starch. Digestibility of ADF was increased (P less than .10) by restricting intake. Ruminal fluid pH, ammonia concentration and VFA concentrations were affected little by either restricted intake level. Digestibility of DM was 4% higher (P less than .001) and starch 5% higher (P less than .001) for the whole shelled corn diet than for the pelleted, high-concentrate diet. Ruminal pH of lambs fed the whole shelled corn diet was higher and fluctuated less than the ruminal pH of lambs fed the high-concentrate, pelleted diet. In Exp. 2, diet digestibility was reduced (P less than .01) and ruminal pH was increased (P less than .002) by addition of hay. Restricted feeding of lambs did not seem to increase diet digestibility or alter ruminal conditions. 相似文献