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旨在探究皖南黑猪不同生长阶段粪便菌群和血清免疫指标的纵向变化规律及其相关性。采集27头皖南黑猪哺乳期(20 d)、保育期(60 d)和育肥期(120 d)3个不同生长阶段的粪便及血清样本，通过16S rRNA高通量测序方法及血清检测技术，对皖南黑猪生长发育过程中肠道微生物与免疫指标的演替规律及关联性进行了分析。结果表明，肠道微生物物种丰度分析显示，在门水平上共检测到22个核心菌门，其中厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)和拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)是皖南黑猪的主要优势菌门；在属水平上检测到51个核心菌属，其中哺乳期的优势菌属为乳酸菌属(Lactobacillus)、志贺菌属(Shigella)和粪杆菌属(Faecalibacterium)。保育期和育肥期均以乳酸杆菌属(Lactobacillus)、颤螺菌属(Oscillospira)和密螺旋体属(Treponema)为优势菌属；Alpha多样性分析显示，皖南黑猪肠道菌群的多样性随日龄增长呈逐渐增高的趋势，在保育期达到峰值，育肥期逐渐趋向稳定。Beta多样性分析显示，皖南黑猪保育期及育肥期肠道菌群组成相似聚在一起，而与哺乳期肠道... 相似文献
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肠道微生物群有助于宿主肠道发挥多种生理功能,对改善猪的肠道健康、提高猪的生产性能具有重要作用。肠道微生物具有很强的可塑性,易受饮食、抗生素的摄入、病原体感染、宿主状况、外界环境等因素的影响。饮食的变化是影响肠道微生物群的主要因素。很多营养素和饲料添加剂具有调控猪肠道微生物的结构组成、促进肠道健康的作用。调节日粮营养素水平、补充饲料添加剂是猪生产中常用干预肠道微生物方法之一。文章综述膳食营养素和饲料添加剂（益生菌、益生元、酶制剂和植物生物素等）对猪肠道微生物群的影响,为其在猪生产中的应用提供参考。 相似文献
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猪的肠道微生物对猪的生长发育、体内平衡以及营养消化等方面具有重要意义。同时,各种肠道微生物又受到不同因素作用的调控,影响猪体内的代谢调节。随着生态环境的改变和各类动物疾病的频发,近年来,猪肠道微生物的研究日益增多,最初对肠道微生物的研究仅对其进行简单的分析和辨别,对其功能却不甚了解,也难以根据各种外界或内部变化做出假设和概括,主要原因在于肠道微生物的组成复杂且影响因素众多。本文主要综述了猪的不同日龄、不同饲料配方、不同品种和不同肠道部位等因素对猪肠道微生物的影响,为预防疾病、促进猪生长发育及改善猪肠道微生物的生长环境等提供参考。 相似文献
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【目的】 研究育肥猪的生长速度与粪便微生物之间的作用关系，寻找与猪生长速度相关的微生物菌群。【方法】 选取50头出生重相近的仔猪，在相同饲养环境中进行饲养管理，生病猪及时转出试验组，125日龄时按体重由高到低排序，把体重最高和最低的4头猪分别分为体重高（51.30 kg±2.57 kg，HW）、低（36.90 kg±2.50 kg，LW）组，通过16S rRNA测序，对125日龄生长育肥猪的粪便微生物区系多样性、群落组成及与生长速度的关联性进行分析。【结果】 Alpha多样性分析显示，两组间均无显著差异（P>0.05）。主成分分析结果显示，HW和LW组中能够明显区分菌群结构。粪便微生物结构组成分析表明，HW和LW组的优势菌门均为厚壁菌门、拟杆菌门和螺旋体门，优势菌属为密螺旋体属、乳杆菌属、链球菌属和未被培养菌属Muribaculaceae菌。LW组中拟杆菌门丰度极显著高于HW组（P<0.01），纤维杆菌门丰度显著高于HW组（P<0.05），而髌骨细菌门丰度显著低于HW组（P<0.05）。对粪便微生物结构组成进行差异分析发现，HW组检测到16个特有菌门，LW组检测到1个特有菌门和24个特有菌属。将肠道菌群与生长速度进行相关性分析，共发现10个菌门，18个属与体重（BW）和平均日增重（ADG）呈正相关，7个菌门和12个属与BW和ADG呈负相关。【结论】 相同日龄不同生长速度的猪粪便微生物的区系结构存在显著差异，差异菌群可能对猪的生长速度起到了一定的调控作用，本研究结果为研发益生菌和提高猪生长速度提供了参考依据。 相似文献
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为探究日粮添加不同纤维源饲料对猪生长性能、肠道微生物菌群的影响，试验将125头健康断奶仔猪分为5组，包括对照组（基础日粮）和分别添加玉米纤维（S1组）、大豆纤维（S2组）、小麦麸纤维（S3组）、豌豆纤维（S4组）的试验组。结果显示，育肥阶段，S3组、S4组日平均采食量、料重比极显著下降（P <0.01）。各组3个生长阶段放线菌门、变形杆菌门、狭义梭状芽孢杆菌属、乳酸杆菌属丰度均与对照组有明显差异（P <0.05），其中S4组变形杆菌门极显著低于对照组（P <0.01），乳酸杆菌属极显著高于对照组（P <0.01）。随着各种纤维性饲料添加水平的提高，育肥猪生长性能受到一定抑制，豌豆纤维能显著提高猪全生长周期肠道微生物菌群丰度。 相似文献
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绞股蓝微粉发酵物对育肥猪生长性能和粪便微生物菌群的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了研究绞股蓝微粉发酵物对育肥猪生长性能和粪便微生物菌群的影响,选取70头70日龄"杜×长×大"保育猪,随机分为7组,每组10头,试验期28d。其中,Ⅰ组为不用药对照组,Ⅱ组~Ⅳ组分别为未发酵绞股蓝微粉5、10、15g/kg剂量组,Ⅴ组~Ⅶ组分别为绞股蓝微粉发酵物5、10、15g/kg剂量组。在试验期第1天、第28天时测定各组育肥猪的体重;每天记录各组育肥猪的采食量,腹泻猪头数;在试验期第27天时,采集各组育肥猪的4份粪样,测定其粪便微生物菌群。结果显示,10g/kg绞股蓝微粉发酵物能显著提高育肥猪的平均日增重、平均日采食量(P0.05),显著降低其料肉比(P0.05),降低腹泻率(P0.05);10g/kg绞股蓝微粉发酵物可显著提高粪便中的双歧杆菌、乳酸杆菌的数量(P0.05),显著降低大肠埃希菌的数量(P0.05)。研究表明,绞股蓝微粉发酵物能显著提高育肥猪的生长性能,显著促进肠道中双歧杆菌、乳酸杆菌的增殖,显著抑制肠道内大肠埃希菌的繁殖,显著优于未发酵绞股蓝微粉。 相似文献
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本试验旨在研究不同生长阶段呼伦贝尔羊的瘤胃微生物变化及与羊肉膻味相关微生物分析。本试验选取体况良好、初生体重[(3.63±0.46) kg]近似的新生呼伦贝尔羊32只,按照生长阶段(新生期、断奶期、育肥中期、育肥后期)分为4个处理,每个处理8只(公母各占1/2)。试验采集瘤胃食糜进行挥发性脂肪酸含量测定,同时应用16s rDNA测序分析瘤胃微生物群落。结果表明：1)随羊的日龄增长,瘤胃总挥发性脂肪酸(TVFA)含量显著升高(P<0.05),瘤胃发酵趋向于生成摩尔占比更多的丙酸或丁酸。2)α多样性结果显示,瘤胃微生物丰富度和多样性随羊的日龄增长而增加,在断奶期的增加最明显。β多样性结果显示,不同生长阶段的瘤胃微生物群落结构有显著不同(P <0.05)。3)在门水平上,变形菌门(Proteobacteria)和拟杆菌门(Bacteroidetes)相对丰度随羊的日龄增长而显著降低(P<0.05);厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)相对丰度在断奶期显著高于新生期(P<0.05)。在属水平上,拟杆菌属(Bacteroides)、丛毛单胞菌属(Comamona)相对丰度随羊... 相似文献
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育肥猪肠道疾病问题是当前规模化猪场最常见的问题之一,其病因复杂导致防控难度增加,常见发病原因分为病原性因素与非病原性因素两种。病原性因素如病毒、细菌、寄生虫等;非病原性因素如生产管理、饲料营养、应激等外部环境引起。在我国当前的养殖环境下,病原性因素引起的猪肠道疾病占据大多数,常见的导致育肥猪腹泻的疾病的病原微生物如细胞内劳森菌(引起猪回肠炎)、猪密螺旋体痢疾、大肠杆菌、沙门氏菌、寄生虫及部分病毒性疾病等的感染在我国的猪场广泛存在,这些病原微生物会导致育肥猪群发生急性或慢性消耗性腹泻,使育肥猪发生成活率降低、饲料报酬下降、生长速度减缓、僵猪和残次猪比例升高等情况,给生长育肥猪的正常生长和出栏造成了很大的危害。文章通过对育肥猪肠道疾病的发病原因、发病特点与危害以及防控等方面进行了简要的阐述,以供参考。 相似文献
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N Sauer M Eklund E Bauer MG Gänzle CJ Field RT Zijlstra R Mosenthin 《Journal of animal science》2012,90(9):3126-3134
Weaning is often stressful for piglets and accompanied by morphological, histological, microbial, and immunological changes along the digestive tract. Dietary nucleotides are bioactive compounds which have the potential to diminish weaning-associated challenges. The experiment was carried out with 5 litters each of 7 pigs (mixed sex), weaned at 20 d of age. One baseline pig per litter was slaughtered at d 0. The remaining 30 pigs were housed individually and randomly allocated to 2 dietary treatments: the control diet or the control diet supplemented with a mixture of nucleotides. Measurements of growth performance traits included ADFI, ADG, G:F, and BW. At d 17, fresh fecal samples were taken to determine bacterial numbers. On d 19 and 20, pigs were slaughtered and blood samples were analyzed for plasma immunoglobulins and intestinal samples were assessed for morphological traits. Digesta from the jejunum and cecum were collected for analysis of the microbiome. The ADFI was greater in the nucleotide treatment compared with the control treatment (P < 0.05), but ADG, G:F, and BW did not differ between treatments. Plasma IgA concentrations increased with age and were greater in the nucleotide (P < 0.05) compared with the control group. There were no treatment differences in plasma IgG and IgM, gut morphology, or intestinal and fecal bacterial counts. Supplemental nucleotides may increase ADFI but without having any impact on growth performance of the pigs. Greater plasma IgA concentrations indicate that adding nucleotides in the weaning diet supported humoral immunity. However, there was no effect of dietary nucleotide supplementation on the composition of the bacterial community in parts of the small and large intestine. Further research is warranted before the use of nucleotide as a feed additive in pig diet can be recommended. 相似文献
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Robin B.Guevarra Jun Hyung Lee Sun Hee Lee Min-Jae Seok Doo Wan Kim Bit Na Kang Timothy J.Johnson Richard E.Isaacson Hyeun Bum Kim 《畜牧与生物技术杂志(英文版)》2019,(3)
The gut microbiome has long been known to play fundamentally important roles in the animal health and the well-being of its host. As such, the establishment and maintenance of a beneficial gut microbiota early in life is crucial in pigs, since early gut colonizers are pivotal in the establishment of permanent microbial community structures affecting the health and growth performance of pigs later in life. Emphasizing this importance of early gut colonizers, it is critical to understand the factors impacting the establishment of the piglet gut microbiome at weaning. Factors include, among others, diet, in-feed antibiotics, probiotics and prebiotic administration. The impact of these factors on establishment of the gut microbiome of piglets at weaning includes effects on piglet gut microbial diversity, structure, and succession. In this review, we thoroughly reviewed the most recent findings on the piglet gut microbiome shifts as influenced by weaning, and how these microbiome changes brought about by various factors that have been shown to affect the development of microbiota in piglets. This review will provide a general overview of recent studies that can help to facilitate the design of new strategies to modulate the gut microbiome in order to enhance gastrointestinal health, growth performance and well-being of piglets. 相似文献
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短链脂肪酸介导的宿主肠道免疫调控机制 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
肠道是营养素、微生物群和宿主进行免疫反应的共享场所。肠道稳态失衡、免疫功能失调、环境因素等都可能引发疾病,肠道微生物群是控制机体健康肠道内环境平衡的一个重要因素。短链脂肪酸(SCFAs)主要由细菌发酵产生,是肠道微生物群及宿主肠上皮细胞(IECs)的重要能量来源,能够维持肠道酸碱平衡,抑制有害病原菌生长,调节宿主肠道免疫,降低炎症反应。SCFAs不仅在共生细菌聚居的肠道内起局部作用,而且还影响肠道免疫细胞,调节免疫反应。本文主要概述了SCFAs通过G蛋白偶联受体(GPCRs)激活途径、组蛋白脱乙酰化酶(HDAC)抑制作用改变代谢状态,并将代谢途径与表观遗传修饰联系起来引起宿主免疫应答,降低肠道炎症反应并增强肠道屏障功能。 相似文献
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Biao Li Qinghua Zeng Yukun Song Zhendong Gao Liang Jiang Haiming Ma Jun He 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2020,104(6):1867-1874
Fly maggot meal has been regarded as one of the substitutes of fish meal and soybean meal in pig feed. However, its effects on pig growth performance and faecal micro-organism remain unclear. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of dietary fly maggot meal on fattening performance, plasma indices related to gut hormones, immunity and faecal microbial communities composition of finishing pigs. A total of 40 Ningxiang fattening pigs were randomly allocated to two dietary treatments and pigs in each group were arranged by control group (CK) diet or 8% maggot meal group (MMG) diet for 45 days respectively. Growth performance, indices of gut hormones and immunity in plasma were evaluated. Microbiota composition in faeces was determined using 16S rDNA Amplicon Sequencing. The results showed that dietary MMG did not affect gut hormones and immune proteins in the trial compared with CK group (p > .05). However, dietary MMG significantly increased average daily gain (ADG). The population of the Firmicutes in MMG treatment was increased, while the percentage of the Bacteroidetes was decreased (p < .05). In particular, the number of Clostridiales related to hydrolyzed sugar and protein were increased (p < .05). It can inhibit the growth of harmful intestinal bacteria, promote the proliferation of beneficial bacteria and effectively improve the ability of digestion and absorption of nutrients. In conclusion, a diet containing 8% MMG changed the proportion of intestinal micro-organisms in finishing pigs, especially the higher richness of Firmicutes, and promoted the fattening ability of pigs to a certain extent. These changes should benefit finishing pig production during fattening period. 相似文献
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Hampson DJ 《New Zealand veterinary journal》1987,35(3):35-36
Pigs weaned for five days had caecal contents with significantly lower osmolalities than those of unweaned animals of the same age. Supplementation of a standard weaning diet with therapeutic levels of oxytetracycline to suppress the normal large intestinal microbial flora did not significantly further reduce osmolarity of caecal contents after weaning. This observation suggests that microbial activity in the large intestine may not be sufficiently developed by five days after weaning to have a major influence on absorptive processes at that site. Incomplete development of the large intestinal microflora may be one more factor which acts to predispose the young pig to diarrhoea after weaning. 相似文献
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在生猪产能恢复中,需要特别关注猪只肠道健康问题。很多营养素与猪的肠道健康密切相关,其中日粮纤维就是影响猪只肠道健康的重要营养素之一。日粮纤维在调节猪肠道微生态环境方面表现出异常活跃的营养学功能。日粮中适宜的纤维水平可改善猪肠道微生物种群多样性,调节菌群结构组成,维持猪肠道微生态平衡,提高饲料转化率,具有促进猪只的生长发育以及预防疾病的功效。文章综述了日粮纤维的构成及营养学功能、对猪肠道的主要作用机制以及对猪肠道微生态环境的影响研究,旨在为进一步探究日粮纤维在猪生产实践中的研究应用提供理论借鉴。 相似文献
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动物的肠道内有复杂而动态的微生物生态系统,这些微生物通过促进营养摄取、宿主防御、免疫调节等,在维持机体健康方面起着至关重要的作用。菌落的结构组成因母体、饲粮、环境、生理状态变化及自身菌种间互作等因素而不同。水禽（鸭和鹅）属于卵生动物,与哺乳动物相比,其肠道的微生物系统具有特殊性。作者介绍了水禽肠道微生物的建立、肠段不同部位的微生物群结构组成特征及发育性变化,从肠道微生物对水禽生长性能、养分消化吸收的影响,以及与免疫系统的关系3个方面阐述了水禽肠道微生物的主要功能,同时通过饲粮组成、动物体生理状态、外界环境因素、微生物自身因素及互作等4个方面分析了影响水禽肠道微生物的多重因素,并对水禽肠道微生物今后的研究思路及发展方向进行了展望,以期为养殖中饲料配方设计、改善肠道健康、提高生产效益等提供理论依据,从而为从肠道微生物这一崭新靶点精准调控水禽的营养、免疫和生长过程,以及水禽肠道微生物的进一步深入研究提供借鉴。 相似文献