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1.
Genetic variation within and between two cultivars of red clover (Trifolium pratense L.): Comparisons of morphological,isozyme, and RAPD markers 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Summary Morphological, isozyme and random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers were used to estimate genetic variation within and between cultivars of red clover (Trifolium pratense L.), an important temperate forage legume. Two cultivars of red clover, Essi from Europe and Ottawa from Canada, were evaluated. Six monogenic morphological characters were observed for 80 plants from each of these two cultivars. All six morphological loci were polymorphic in the cultivar Essi whereas only four loci were polymorphic in the cultivar Ottawa. Forty plants from each cultivar were assayed for isozyme markers. A total of 21 enzyme-coding loci with 43 alleles was detected using twelve enzyme systems. Thirteen and nine of these loci were polymorphic in Essi and Ottawa, respectively. The mean number of alleles per locus was 1.81 in Essi and 1.67 in Ottawa. Seventeen random 10-mer primers were screened for RAPD markers. Nine primers which gave clear and consistent amplified products were used to assay 20 individuals from each cultivar. Each primer gave from 7 to 20 amplified bands with an average of 14.8 bands per primer. One hundred and eight of 116 putative loci were polymorphic in Essi and 90 of 98 loci were polymorphic in Ottawa. High within-cultivar variation was observed in both cultivars using both isozyme and RAPD markers. This high polymorphism makes these markers useful for germplasm characterization and genetic studies in red clover. 相似文献
2.
Heterogeneity of random amplified polymorphic DNA sequences in individual seedlings and bulked samples of four cultivars of Brassica napus 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Using four different random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) primers, a qualitative and quantitative assessment was made of the level of DNA sequence heterogeneity present in the seedlings of four representative Australian rapeseed cultivars. It was found that, depending upon the primer/cultivar combination, the seedlings diverged from total homogeneity to almost complete heterogeneity. The increase or decrease of sample-specific RAPD sequences was evaluated in proportional mixtures of DNA from individual seedlings. These results were then compared with those obtained from bulked DNA samples containing DNA from all the seedlings of a cultivar. From these comparisons, it was found that for a specific RAPD to be detectable in a bulked sample, the particular polymorphism had to be present in at least 15% of the individual seedlings. Even so, the bulked samples produced cultivar-specific RAPD banding patterns with all four primers, showing that any of these primers could be used to identify the different rapeseed cultivars. In contrast to the cultivars ‘Oscar’, ‘Dunkeld’ and ‘Narendra’, the cultivar ‘Rainbow’ was found to be highly heterogeneous—as shown by a diversity of RAPD combinations rather than the presence of differing length RAPDs—and it is suggested that this heterogeneity may be related to the improved tolerance of this cultivar to blackleg infection. 相似文献
3.
Evidence of gene introgression in apple using RAPD markers 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
Summary A genomic remnant of Malus floribunda clone 821 introgressed into the cultivated apple M. x domestica Borkh. was identified using randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers obtained by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Using a set of 59 oligonucleotide decamer primers, polymorphic DNA markers were identified among three pooled DNA samples. Based on the presence or absence of bands among bulked apple scab-resistant selections and cultivars, bulked scab-susceptible cultivars, and a M. floribunda clone 821 sample, one primer, A 15, identified amplified fragments in the scab-resistant bulked sample that was also unique to the M. floribunda clone 821. The unique band from M. floribunda clone 821 was amplified in four out of 17 scab-resistant selections/cultivars. This RAPD, designated OA15900, identifies an introgressed fragment that has as yet no known function. 相似文献
4.
Summary Cultivar specific DNA profiles in rye were revealed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) sequences. Ten base primers were used for the amplification of genomic DNA of rye cultivars by PCR. RAPD analysis was found to be reproducible among samples between PCR runs. When amplification profiles of different rye cultivars were compared using various primers, the overall profiles were cultivar specific. However, not all primers revealed polymorphisms. These primers appear to amplify conserved sequences in all rye cultivars. Intracultivar studies were conducted on two of the cultivars. In the cultivar Imperial, no polymorphisms were observed among ten plants analyzed with five primers. In the cultivar Balboa, polymorphisms were observed among fifty plants with four of the ten primers analyzed. Despite the small amount of intracultivar variability, RAPD analysis has the potential to be a rapid and reliable method of cultivar identification in this outcrossing species. 相似文献
5.
The use of bulked leaf samples from individual plants for amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) analysis was evaluated
as a tool for assessment of genetic diversity in white clover (Trifolium repens L.). Bulking of leaf samples produced slightly simpler AFLP profiles compared to the combined profiles of individual plants
from the same cultivar. Approximately 90% of bands which were present in individual plants were present in bulked samples
of the same cultivar. The majority of those absent were rare bands, shared by less than 25% of individual plants. Replicate
bulk samples gave almost identical banding patterns, demonstrating the robustness of the bulked AFLP technique. Cluster analysis
of AFLP data derived from individual plants resulted in a phenogram similar to that produced from data derived from bulked
samples of the same plants. AFLP analysis of bulked samples detected significant amounts of genetic variability among 52 cultivars
and accessions with genetic similarity values ranging from 0.42 to 0.92. However, cluster analysis of AFLP data only partially
reflected the geographic origin of cultivars and accessions and was not congruent with cluster analysis based on variation
for morphophysiological characters. Bulked AFLP analysis provides a powerful tool for rapid assessment of genetic variability
in white clover and may also be used for cultivar identification.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
6.
为了鉴定马铃薯品种间的亲缘关系,采用5对SSR分子标记引物,对18个贵州马铃薯生产品种进行SSR分子标记及遗传多样性分析.结果表明:5对SSR引物共扩增出77个多态性条带,每个组合的多态性条带数为10～24不等,平均每个引物组合产生15.4个多态性条带.18个马铃薯材料之间的遗传距离范围在0.376 6～0.909 0之间,平均为0.701 1.经聚类分析,18个马铃薯材料在遗传距离0.57水平上全部聚为一类,以遗传距离0.60为基准,可明显聚为4个类群.第Ⅰ类包括5个材料;第Ⅱ类仅1个材料;第Ⅲ类包括4个材料;第Ⅳ类包括8个材料. 相似文献
7.
Red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) is one of the main forage species of temperate regions. Cultivars of red clover are heterogeneous which makes their genetic
analysis difficult. We applied RAPDs (Random Amplifed Polymorphic DNA) in order to assess the genetic relationship and levels
of genetic variability existing among a group of 16 elite red clover parents organised in four subsets of 4 parents each.
Out of 55 primers 21 provided reproducible results. A total of 135 reliable and polymorphic RAPD bands were detected which
were used to estimate genetic distances among pair-wise combinations of elite parents. Nei and Li's similarity values ranged
from 0.60 to 0.77, with a mean of 0.66, which reflects a rather high genetic variability among the genotypes evaluated. Lower
levels of genetic variability, as detected by polymorphic loci and mean heterogeneity values, were detected in a subset of
parents selected for resistance to the stem nematode. Cluster analyses resolved the different sets of parents in a manner
consistent with what is known from their breeding origins. An Analysis of Molecular Variance detected substantial levels of
variation within subsets of parents. RAPDs represent a valuable source of genetic information for red clover breeding programmes.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
8.
DNA from thirty-six cymbidium cultivars was examined using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to determine the efficiency of
randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers in identifying cultivars and determining levels of genetic variability.
A total of 132 RAPD markers, 78% of which were polymorphic, were produced from 15 10mer arbitrary primers. All the cultivars
were distinguishable when a number of primers was considered. One cultivar, Blue Smoke ‘Green Meadow’ could be distinguished
from all the rest based only on lack of the OPA5-370 fragment. Genetic distances among the cultivars were estimated based
on the amount of band sharing and ranged from 0.08–0.50 with an average of 0.29. Cluster analysis of genetic distance estimates
grouped siblings together with each other and parents with offsprings, thereby agreeing with known parentage information and
corroborating isozyme data obtained from a separate study. The possible application of the observed polymorphism and variation
to cymbidium breeding is discussed.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
9.
蛇龙珠葡萄品种亲缘关系的RAPD分析 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：1
利用随机扩增多态性DNA（RAPD）技术对4个酿酒葡萄品种和11个鲜食葡萄品种的亲缘关系进行了研究。从30个随机引物中筛选出16个扩多态性引物，用于15个样品的正式扩增。共扩增出134条DNA带，其中多态性扩增带99条，占73.9％。根据DNA扩增结果计算出品种的遗传距离，并构建聚类树状图。分析结果表明，红地球、瑞必尔与其它13个品种的遗传距离最远，巨峰系列的葡萄品种间遗传距离值较小，蛇龙珠品种与其它3个酿酒葡萄品种在遗传基因上存在差异，与品丽珠的亲缘关系最近。 相似文献
10.
Summary We have used random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) analysis to characterize eleven cultivars of the five economically most important yam species grown in Jamaica (Dioscorea alata, D. cayenensis, D. rotundata, D. trifida and D. esculenta). Amplification of genomic DNA samples with nine different arbitrary 10mer primers revealed a total of 338 different band positions, ranging in size from 0.3 to 2.5 kb. RAPD patterns proved to be highly reproducible and somatically stable. While no variation was observed among plants belonging to the same cultivar, a large number of intervarietal and interspecific polymorphisms enabled us to reliably discriminate between all Jamaican cultivars investigated. 相似文献
11.
Randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers were applied in purity control of hybrid seed production of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.). DNA from three commercial F1-hybrid cultivars and their parental lines was subjected to RAPD screening with 50 primers. Two of four primers which detected polymorphism between the parents tested, generated paternal-specific RAPDs, enabling a clear distinction to be made between hybrids and their maternal parents. In addition, combination of the polymorphic DNA products generated by these primers exhibited hybrid-specific patterns, enabling each cultivar to be identified. This result indicates the practical usefulness of RAPD markers in hybrid-tomato-seed purity-control tests and cultivar identification. The approach is advantageous in its rapidity and simplicity, particularly as an alternative for those cultivars for which lengthy and costly phenotypic tests are currently used. 相似文献
12.
13.
There is an urgent need for the developmentof early identification techniques inolive-trees due to the economic importanceof cultivar identification in periods ofexpansion like now. We have been able toidentify 22 olive-tree cultivars using only10 different, specific, repeatable markers.These markers were designed by the cloningof significant RAPD bands obtained in PCRperformed on bulked DNA to retain thegenetic variability of each cultivar.Clones were partially or totally sequencedand new primers derived from thesesequences were used to obtain SequenceCharacterised Amplified Region (SCAR)fragments. We have demonstrated that theuse of the 10 SCAR markers is enough toprovide a simple, cheap, and reliableprocedure to identify 22 geographicallyrelated olive-tree cultivars. 相似文献
14.
Chemda Degani Lisa J. Rowland Amnon Levi Jerzy A. Hortynski Gene J. Galletta 《Euphytica》1998,102(2):247-253
Forty-one of the major strawberry (Fragaria × ananassa Duch.) cultivars grown in the United States and Canada were examined
for RAPD (randomly amplified polymorphic DNA) marker polymorphisms using 10mer primers (>50% GC content). A set of 10 primers
produced 15 polymorphic fragments ranging in size between 450 and 1200 bp, which were more than sufficient to distinguish
among all tested cultivars. Ten of the markers derived from seven primers were absolutely required for distinguishing the
cultivars. A DNA fingerprinting table was constructed based on these results. In addition, similarity coefficients were calculated
based on RAPD marker data and a dendogram was constructed using the unweighted pair group method of arithmetic averages (UPGMA).
These results were compared with known pedigree data for the cultivars. Our results demonstrate that RAPD markers can be used
effectively for strawberry cultivar identification.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
15.
Summary DNA polymorphism among five Asparagus officinalis L. cultivars-Imperial, Snow, Steline, UC-157 and Larac, as detected by random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD), is reported. Thirty one decamer primers were tested. and twenty six of them yielded amplification products. Fourteen primers gave products with at least one polymorphic DNA fragment. Among a total of 119 amplified fragments 33 were polymorphic. These RAPD markers enabled the identification of asparagus cultivars. Unique markers for cultivars were: Snow-bands 475 bp, 772 bp, 412 bp, 935 bp and 820 bp amplified by primers D5, OPA-07, OPA-09, OPA-10 and OPA-18, respectively. Steline-bands 645 bp, 680 bp and 997 bp amplified by primers A32, OPA-03 and OPA-09, respectively. A band 903 bp, amplitied by primer OPA-12, is a marker for Imperial, and a band 420 bp, amplified by primer D52, is a marker for Larac. Cultivar UC-157 could be identified by a combination of shared polymorphic bands. The pairwise marker difference between cultivars ranged from 0.08 to 0.17. A phenogram of the genetic relationship based on RAPD fits with the known origin of the cultivars. 相似文献
16.
Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers were used to study the molecular characterization of 10 new radiomutants of chrysanthemum. The original cultivar ‘Richmond’ differed in genetic distance from its Lady group mutants. The analysis of genetic similarity indices revealed low diversity within the radiomutants. The dendrogram obtained after cluster analysis separated the new cultivars as a group that differed from the original cultivar ‘Richmond’. The Lady group cultivars, derived from one original cultivar by radiomutation, could be distinguished from each other by using RAPD markers of only a single primer or sets of two or three primers. Polymerase chain reaction analysis proved the efficiency of the RAPD method for DNA fingerprinting of the original cultivar ‘Richmond’ and its new radiomutants. 相似文献
17.
18.
K.M. Guthridge M.P. Dupal R. K?lliker E.S. Jones K.F. Smith J.W. Forster 《Euphytica》2001,122(1):191-201
Amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) analysis has been used to measure genetic diversity in perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) and to relate intra- and interpopulation variation to breeding history. Cluster analysis of AFLP data from contrasting
populations showed features consistent with the origins of these varieties. Significant differences in intrapopulation diversity
were detected and partial separation of different cultivars was observed. Restricted base cultivars, derived from small numbers
of foundation clones, were suitable for this type of study, allowing near complete discrimination of closely related cultivars.
Analysis of bulked samples was based on the pooling of genomic DNA from 20 individuals from 6 selected populations. Cluster
analysis of AFLP data from bulked samples produced a phenogram showing relationships consistent with the results of individual
analysis. AFLP profiling provides an important tool for the detection and quantification of genetic variation in perennial
ryegrass.
This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
19.
白菜种质遗传多样性与亲缘关系的ISSR标记分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
摘要：从分子水平用ISSR标记法对白菜遗传多样性进行分析,从100个ISSR引物中共筛选出11个多态性明显、条带清晰、反应稳定的引物,对65个样品DNA共扩增出107条谱带,平均每个引物扩增出9.72条带,其中多态性位点102个(93.5% )。种间遗传相似系数在遗传距离在0.40～0.65 之间,表明白菜栽培种内品种间的遗传基础相对较宽,存在较大的遗传变异性。利用UPGMA聚类分析表明：能将65个白菜地方品种划分为四大类。由ISSR标记聚类结果所表现出的大多种质之间的亲缘关系与其来源地有较大的相关性,但也有地理差别很大的白菜资源遗传关系较近的情况。本研究还表明,ISSR 标记比RAPD 标记具有更高的稳定性,在植物遗传多样性的分子标记或克隆研究中,可优先使用ISSR 标记。 相似文献
20.
黑龙江部分大豆品种分子ID的构建 总被引：18，自引：4，他引：14
以黑龙江13个育种单位6个积温带的83份大豆品种为材料, 选择分布在大豆基因组19个连锁群的43对SSR引物进行检测, 共检测出等位变异157个, 每个引物检测到的等位变异数变化范围为2~7个, 平均为3.65个。将聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳得到的谱带统计结果根据等位变异的片段大小数字化, 用自行编制的ID Analysis 1.0软件进行数据分析。结果表明, 仅需9对引物(Satt100、Sat_218、Satt514、Satt551、Satt380、Satt193、Satt191、Satt442、Sat_084)可将83份参试大豆品种完全区分开。构建了一套黑龙江省大豆品种的分子ID。 相似文献