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1.
拮抗细菌对番茄植株抗灰霉病的诱导 总被引：15，自引：3，他引：15
通过拮抗细菌多粘类芽孢杆菌W3、Y2和地衣芽孢杆菌W1 0诱导接种和灰霉病菌挑战接种试验 ,明确了 3菌株培养液和去菌液对番茄植株抗灰霉病的诱导作用。 3株拮抗细菌的诱导抗病效果为 2 3 .4%～ 64.5% ,其中W3诱导作用最强。W 3培养液及其去菌液处理后 5d ,诱导效果达最大值 ,且 1 2d后仍有诱抗作用。在 1 0 2 ～ 1 0 1 0 cfu/ml范围内 ,拮抗细菌的诱导活性随浓度增加而增强 ,以≥ 1 0 8cfu/ml的效果最好。拮抗细菌处理叶上部各叶片间诱抗效果无明显差异。 相似文献
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番茄早疫病生防细菌B731的分离、鉴定及抑菌防病作用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用对峙培养法,从分离自番茄根部土壤的细菌中筛选得1株对番茄早疫病菌具强拮抗活性的菌株B731.根据形态特征、生理生化反应及16S rDNA序列分析将其鉴定为枯草芽孢杆菌Bacillus subtilis.该菌在初始pH 7.0的NB培养液、装液量25 mL(250 mL锥形瓶)、28℃、120 r/min培养24～48 h抑菌能力最大,抑菌带宽达1.24 cm,且其在番茄植株及根际土壤中有很强的定殖能力.接种15d后,在番茄植株叶片或果实表面,其定殖量可保持在2×102 cfu/cm2以上;而在番茄根际土壤中,其定殖量可达104 cfu/g.菌株B731的代谢产物能有效抑制番茄早疫病菌分生孢子的萌发和菌丝生长,抑制率分别高达89.72％和82.62％.喷施于叶面,具有很好的防病效果,预防处理防效可高达81.83％. 相似文献
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以葡萄灰霉病病菌为供试菌,采用平板对峙法,研究了葡萄果穗附生细菌对葡萄灰霉病的拮抗效果。同时,进行生理生化、16S r DNA序列鉴定与同源性分析。结果表明,在分离得到的13株附生细菌中,其中11株对葡萄灰霉病有不同程度的拮抗作用,且拮抗菌的保护作用优于治疗作用。其中,B5和B12对葡萄灰霉病病菌孢子的抑菌率均为100%,对葡萄灰霉病病菌菌丝的抑菌率分别为14.49%和15.17%,显著高于其他拮抗菌(P0.05)。B5、B12菌株具有良好的拮抗和离体抑制效果,拮抗菌鉴定与同源性分析结果表明,B5属于芽孢杆菌属,B12属于枯草芽孢杆菌。 相似文献
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人参病原菌拮抗细菌的分离筛选与鉴定 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
为明确土壤拮抗细菌对人参常见病原菌的生防价值,从吉林省抚松县人参根际土壤中分离、纯化获得113株细菌,采用平板对峙法测定菌株的拮抗能力,通过温室盆栽试验研究其在土壤及人参根部的定殖规律,并通过形态、培养特征及16S r DNA序列分析进行分类鉴定。对峙试验结果表明,2株细菌对供试人参病原菌具有良好的拮抗广谱性,且多次验证其抑菌效果稳定。定殖研究结果表明,活性菌株SZ-56与SZ-60的定殖能力均达到显著水平,在土壤中的最大定殖菌量分别为每克土7.51×106CFU和7.28×106CFU,30 d后定殖菌量仍保持在105CFU;21 d后在人参根部的定殖菌量仍保持在每克根105CFU水平。根据形态、培养特征、生理生化指标和16S r DNA序列分析,确定SZ-56为内生芽胞杆菌Bacillus endophyticus,SZ-60为解淀粉芽胞杆菌B.amyloliquefaciens。 相似文献
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抑菌圈－定殖力双重测定法筛选青枯病生防细菌 总被引：16，自引：0，他引：16
本研究首先用平皿抑菌圈法筛选出５５个拮抗青枯菌的细菌菌株，将番茄幼苗在各菌菌悬液中浸根１２ｈ后栽种于温室未灭菌的土壤中，结果发现，有２２个菌株在幼苗根部的定殖能力较强（终定殖密度大于１０４ｃｆｕ／ｇ根），其中革兰氏阴性土壤细菌占同类菌的８６．３％，革兰氏阳性土壤细菌占同类菌的１３．０％，１０个无致病力产细菌素的青枯菌菌株在根部的终定殖密度均低于１０４ｃｆｕ／ｇ根，其定殖能力弱于致病青枯菌。有１７个拮抗菌菌株在番茄幼苗根部的定殖密度超过所有致病菌。温室生防结果证明，抑菌圈－定殖力双重测定法对于筛选生防菌株是一种行之有效的方法 相似文献
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抗香蕉枯萎病菌拮抗菌的鉴定及其定殖 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
通过逐步提高药物浓度方法,获得了抗利福平400μg/ml、对香蕉枯萎病菌拮抗活性稳定的T2WF和W10标记菌株。初步确定两菌株为芽孢杆菌属细菌。采用灌根接种法,在香蕉苗根际土和香蕉苗体内定殖结果表明,拮抗菌液接种浓度为5×104cfu/ml,两菌株均可从香蕉根际土和香蕉体内分离到,并在香蕉体内定殖和传导。在香蕉根际土、根部、球茎和假茎中,T2WF标记菌的菌量高峰分别出现在接种后5、5、11和3d,分别为707、437、273、117cfu/mg;而W10标记菌的菌量高峰分别出现在接种后5、3、5和5d,分别为784、260、253、110cfu/mg。两菌株在香蕉根际土和香蕉体内1~15d的消长动态均有一个共同的“由升到降”趋势。从数量和数量变动幅度上看,香蕉根部的菌量明显高于茎部的菌量。 相似文献
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Fifteen species of dermestid beetles were recorded at ‘Evolution Canyon’ (EC), Lower Nahal Oren, Mt. Carmel, Israel. They
represent ~35% of known Israeli dermestid species. The following three species were recorded for the first time in Israel:Trogoderma svriaca Dalla Torre, 1911;Ctesias svriaca Ganglbauer, 1904; andAnthrenus (s.str.) jordaniens Pic, 1934. Adults of 13 species were collected on the more solar radiated, warmer and climatically more fluctuating south-facing
slope (SFS); ten species were collected on the opposite, north-facing slope (NFS), which was cooler and climatically more
stable. The abundance of adult dermestid beetles was 1.9 times higher on the SFS than on the NFS (86 and 47, respectively).
Species richness and abundance distribution at EC (three collecting stations on each slope and one at the valley bottom) were
significantly negatively correlated with the plant cover that consisted of trees and bushes (Spearmanr
s
,P=0.007 and 0.039, respectively) and perennials (Spearmanr
s
,P=0.039 and 0.077, respectively), indicating that non-woody plants were preferred by adult dermestid beetles. 相似文献
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Paul W. J. Taylor Rebecca Ford 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2007,119(1):127-133
Molecular diagnostic techniques have been developed to differentiate the Ascochyta pathogens that infect cool season food and feed legumes, as well as to improve the sensitivity of detecting latent infection
in plant tissues. A seed sampling technique was developed to detect a 1% level of infection by Ascochyta rabiei in commercial chickpea seed. The Ascochyta pathogens were shown to be genetically diverse in countries where the pathogen and host have coexisted for a long time. However,
where the pathogen was recently introduced, such as A. rabiei to Australia, the level of diversity remained relatively low, even as the pathogen spread to all chickpea-growing areas.
Pathogenic variability of A. rabiei and Ascochyta pinodes pathogens in chickpea and field pea respectively, appears to be quantitative, where measures of disease severity were based
on aggressiveness (quantitative level of infection) rather than on true qualitative virulence. In contrast, qualitative differences
in pathogenicity in lentil and faba bean genotypes indicated the existence of pathotypes of Ascochyta lentis and Ascochyta fabae. Therefore, reports of pathotype discrimination based on quantitative differences in pathogenicity in a set of specific genotypes
is questionable for several of the ascochyta-legume pathosystems such as A. rabiei and A. pinodes. This is not surprising since host resistance to these pathogens has been reported to be mainly quantitative, making it difficult
for the pathogen to overcome specific resistance genes and form pathotypes. For robust pathogenicity assessment, there needs
to be consistency in selection of differential host genotypes, screening conditions and disease evaluation techniques for
each of the Ascochyta sp. in legume-growing countries throughout the world. Nevertheless, knowledge of pathotype diversity and aggressiveness within
populations is important in the selection of resistant genotypes. 相似文献
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Epidemiology of Toxigenic Fungi and their Associated Mycotoxins for Some Mediterranean Crops 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
Antonio Logrieco Antonio Bottalico Giuseppina Mulé Antonio Moretti Giancarlo Perrone 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2003,109(7):645-667
Recent data on the epidemiology of the common mycotoxigenic species of Fusarium, Alternaria, Aspergillus and Penicillium in infected or colonized plants, and in stored or processed plant products from the Mediterranean area are reviewed. Emphasis is placed on the toxigenicity of the causal fungal species and the natural occurrence of well known mycotoxins (aflatoxins, ochratoxins, fumonisins, trichothecenes, zearalenone, patulin, Alternaria-toxins and moniliformin), as well as some more recently described compounds (fusaproliferin, beauvericin) whose toxigenic potential is not yet well understood. Several Fusarium species reported from throughout the Mediterranean area are responsible of the formation of mycotoxins in infected plants and in plant products, including: Fusarium graminearum, F. culmorum, F. cerealis, F. avenaceum, F. sporotrichioides and F. poae, which produce deoxynivalenol, nivalenol, fusarenone, zearalenone, moniliformin, and T-2 toxin derivatives in wheat and other small grains affected by head blight or scab, and in maize affected by red ear rot. Moreover, strains of F. verticillioides, F. proliferatum, and F. subglutinans, that form fumonisins, beauvericin, fusaproliferin, and moniliformin, are commonly associated with maize affected by ear rot. Fumonisins, were also associated with Fusarium crown and root rot of asparagus and Fusarium endosepsis of figs, caused primarily by F. proliferatum. Toxigenic A. alternata strains and associated tenuazonic acid and alternariols were commonly found in black mould of tomato, black rot of olive and citrus, black point of small cereals, and black mould of several vegetables. Toxigenic strains of A. carbonarius and ochratoxin A were often found associated with black rot of grapes, whereas toxigenic strains of A. flavus and/or P. verrucosum, forming aflatoxins and ochratoxin A, respectively, were found in moulded plant products from small cereals, peanuts, figs, pea, oilseed rape, sunflower seeds, sesame seeds, pistachios, and almonds. Finally, toxigenic strains of P. expansum and patulin were frequently found in apple, pear and other fresh fruits affected by blue mould rot, as well as in derived juices and jams. 相似文献
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Sergio Ovruski Martín Aluja John Sivinski Robert Wharton 《Integrated Pest Management Reviews》2000,5(2):81-107
We first discuss the diversity of fruit fly (Diptera: Tephritidae) parasitoids (Hymenoptera) of the Neotropics. Even though the emphasis is on Anastrepha parasitoids, we also review all the information available on parasitoids attacking flies in the genera Ceratitis, Rhagoletis, Rhagoletotrypeta, Toxotrypana and Zonosemata. We center our analysis in parasitoid guilds, parasitoid assemblage size and fly host profiles. We also discuss distribution patterns and the taxonomic status of all known Anastrepha parasitoids. We follow by providing a historical overview of biological control of pestiferous tephritids in Latin American and Florida (U.S.A.) and by analyzing the success or failure of classical and augmentative biological control programs implemented to date in these regions. We also discuss the lack of success of introductions of exotic fruit fly parasitoids in various Latin American countries. We finish by discussing the most pressing needs related to fruit fly biological control (classical, augmentative, and conservation modalities) in areas of the Neotropics where fruit fly populations severely restrict the development of commercial fruit growing. We also address the need for much more intensive research on the bioecology of native fruit fly parasitoids. 相似文献
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The genera ofMicrogaster Latreille 1804 andHygroplitis Thomson 1895 from China are presented systematically in this paper. Thirty-two species ofMicrogaster and three species ofHygroplitis are known in China. Diagnosis, character variation, distribution and host of each species among the two genera are presented,
including its host and distribution. Keys to the species ofMicrogaster andHygroplitis are given.
http://www.phytoparasitica.org posting Dec. 19, 2006. 相似文献
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Plant Viruses Transmitted by Whiteflies 总被引：18，自引：0，他引：18
David R. Jones 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2003,109(3):195-219
One-hundred and fourteen virus species are transmitted by whiteflies (family Aleyrodidae). Bemisia tabaci transmits 111 of these species while Trialeurodes vaporariorum and T. abutilonia transmit three species each. B. tabaci and T. vaporariorum are present in the European–Mediterranean region, though the former is restricted in its distribution. Of the whitefly-transmitted virus species, 90% belong to the Begomovirus genus, 6% to the Crinivirus genus and the remaining 4% are in the Closterovirus, Ipomovirus or Carlavirus genera. Other named, whitefly-transmitted viruses that have not yet been ranked as species are also documented. The names, abbreviations and synonyms of the whitefly-transmitted viruses are presented in tabulated form together with details of their whitefly vectors, natural hosts and distribution. Entries are also annotated with references. Whitefly-transmitted viruses affecting plants in the European–Mediterranean region have been highlighted in the text. 相似文献
17.
W. Gams Willeke Van Laar 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1982,88(2):39-45
Solacol®, a formulation of the antibiotic validamycin, at 0.33% in 2% malt extract agar, reduced the spread of fungi on dilution plates drastically and allowed twice as much incubation time before subculturing; this resulted in an elevated number of species isolated. Using pure cultures of 62 common soil fungi, it was shown that all fast-growing species (exceptPythium ultimum) were efficiently inhibited but not completely suppressed. Inhibition was comparable to that by 0.5% oxgall, though, while this substance completely suppressed several species, Solacol very strongly inhibited onlyGaeumannomyces graminis, Gerlachia nivalis, Harzia acremonioides, Verticillium biguttatum andRhizoctonia solani. In a further experiment each separate constituent of Solacol was tested against 22 fungi at equivalent concentrations. Validamycin strongly inhibitedChaetomium globosum and two Basidiomycetes, though hardly more than the non-ionic detergent which mainly inhibited the other fungi. A few species were, however, more inhibited by Solacol than by the detergent alone. Solacol at 0.33% is a suitable aid in dilution plating of soil fungi, by increasing the number of colonies and species observed.Samenvatting Solacol®, een formulering van het antibioticum validamycine, remde de groei van schimmels in verdunningsplaten met een concentratie van 0.33% in 2% moutagar en maakte het mogelijk de periode tot afenten met een factor 2 te verlengen; daardoor was het aantal geïsoleerde soorten duidelijk toegenomen. Met reincultures van 62 algemene grondschimmelsoorten werd aangetoond, dat alle snelgroeiende soorten (met uitzondering vanPythium ultimum) voldoende geremd, maar niet volkomen onderdrukt werden. Het remmingspercentage was vergelijkbaar met dat van 0.5% ossegal, hoewel dit laatste sommige soorten volkomen onderdrukte; Solacol remde alleenGaeumannomyces graminis, Gerlachia nivalis, Harzia acremonioides, Verticillium biguttatum enRhizoctonia solani zeer sterk. In een volgend experiment werden de componenten van Solacol t.o.v. 22 fungi apart getoetst in concentraties equivalent aan 0.33% Solacol. Validamycine remde alleenChaetomium globosum en twee basidiomyceten behoorlijk, maar nauwelijks meer dan de niet-ionische uitvloeier, die in hoofdzaak de overige remeffecten veroorzaakte. Enkele soorten werden echter door het complete Solacol veel sterker geremd dan door de uitvloeier alleen. Solacol in een verdunning van 0,33% wordt aanbevolen bij verdunningsplaten voor het isoleren van grondschimmels ten einde het aantal kolonies en soorten te verhogen. 相似文献
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《干旱区科学》2014,(6):782-782
正Journal of Arid Land(JAL)is an international journal(ISSN 1674-6767;CN 65-1278/K)for the natural sciences,sponsored by the Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography,Chinese Academy of Sciences and Science Press.It is published by Science Press and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg bimonthly.JAL publishes original,innovative,and integrative research from arid and semiarid regions,ad 相似文献
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M. Fortass S. Diallo 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1993,99(4):219-226
Broad bean mottle virus (BBMV) was transmitted from infected to healthy faba-bean plants by the curculionid weevilsApion radiolus Kirby,Hypera variabilis Herbst,Pachytychius strumarius Gyll,Smicronyx cyaneus Gyll, andSitona lineatus L. The latter appeared to be an efficient vector: acquisition and inoculation occurred at the first bite, the rate of transmission was c. 41%, and virus retention lasted for at least seven days.S. lineatus transmitted the virus from faba bean to lentil and pea, but not to the three genotypes of chickpea tested. This is the first report on the generaHypera, Pachytychius, andSmicronyx as virus vectors, and onA. radiolus, H. variabilis, P. strumarius, andS. cyaneus as vectors of BBMV.Out of 351 samples of food legumes with symptoms suggestive of virus infection, 16, 11, 19, and 17% of the samples of chickpea, lentil, pea, and common bean, respectively, were found infected when tested for BBMV in DAS-ELISA. This is the first report on the natural occurrence of BBMV in chickpea, lentil, pea, and common bean. The virus should be regarded as a food-legume virus rather than a faba-bean virus solely, and is considered an actual threat to food legume improvement programmes. 相似文献
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B. Blanco-Urgoiti M. Tribodet S. Leclere F. Ponz C. Pérez de san román F.J. Legorburu C. Kerlan 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1998,104(8):811-819
A collection of 38 PVY isolates from seed potato batches, originating from several Western European countries, was characterized by using current biological, serological and molecular tools differentiating PVY strains and groups. The correlation between the three kinds of tests was good but not absolute. No single serological or PCR method was able to discriminate among the five isolate groups found. Twenty-nine isolates belonged to the PVYN strain and six to the PVYO strain. No PVYC was found. Two other isolates reacted serologically like PVYO, but were unable to elicit a hypersensitive response from the Nytbr gene and probably represent the PVYZ group. At the molecular level, these two isolates showed a combination of both PVYO and PVYN and could be recombinants of these strains. Another isolate reacted serologically like PVYO, but induced vein necrosis in tobacco, like PVYN-Wilga. Some PVYN isolates caused tuber ring necrosis in glasshouse conditions. These might belong to the PVYNTN group. The PVYNTN, PVYN-Wilga and PVYZ groups probably represent pathotypes within strains PVYN and PVYO, respectively. The present study also confirms previous reports showing a high genetic variation at the 5
end within the PVYN strain. 相似文献