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依托在遵义市2004年建立的烤烟长期田间定位试验,研究了不同烤烟种植（烤烟连作和烤烟//玉米轮作）和施肥（单施化肥和化肥有机肥配施）制度下,2017、2019和2021年烟叶产质量、肥料农学效率、土壤氮素和酶活性的变化,解析长期种植及施肥对植烟黄壤氮素形态的影响及其机制,为植烟土壤氮素营养管理提供科学依据。结果表明,轮作烤烟的产量、中上等烟比例、产值、肥料农学效率分别比连作处理增加31.4%、6.2%、37.2%、35.9%,说明烤烟轮作有益于提高烤烟产量和质量。在烤烟连作模式中,化肥配施有机肥使上述参数依次比单施化肥增高24.7%、9.1%、28.9%和24.8%;在烤烟轮作的土壤上,化肥配施有机肥使烤烟产量产值在3季中2季增加,总体上改善了烟叶质量。这些现象与轮作减轻烤烟的自毒作用,有机无机配施增加土壤全量和碱解氮、铵态氮、硝态氮含量,提高土壤酶（蛋白酶、脲酶、硝酸和亚硝酸还原酶）活性,促进土壤氮素转化,改善土壤氮素供应,以及烤烟//玉米轮作和化肥配施有机肥提高土壤硝态氮含量密切相关。因此,在黔北烟区,值得提倡烤烟//玉米轮作和化肥配施有机肥。 相似文献
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采用盆栽试验研究了不同比例有机无机肥配施对连续4茬麦-稻轮作后土壤微生物学特性的影响。结果表明,与对照相比,单施化肥处理促进了土壤微生物生物量碳、氮和微生物熵的增加,提高了土壤蔗糖酶、蛋白酶、脲酶活性,降低了过氧化氢酶活性,提高了放线菌的数量,但对土壤细菌、真菌数量的影响不明显;有机无机肥配施处理的土壤微生物生物量碳、微生物生物量氮、微生物熵、土壤酶活性及3大类土壤微生物数量显著高于单施化肥及对照处理;土壤微生物生物量碳、微生物生物量氮、微生物熵和3大类微生物数量随着有机肥配施比例的提高而增加,以配施30%有机肥处理的最高;土壤酶活性综合指数以配施20%有机肥处理的最高。可见,化肥配施有机肥特别是配施中高量有机肥更有利于改善土壤微生物学特性,提高土壤生产能力。 相似文献
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长期施肥对植烟土壤微生物的影响 总被引：6，自引：1，他引：5
【目的】微生物是土壤的重要组成分,与土壤养分转化供应密切相关。本研究利用12年肥料定位试验研究了云南植烟土壤可培养微生物数量、微生物量碳氮、标记性磷脂脂肪酸（PLFAs）、微生物种群特征及有益微生物的变化。【方法】试验设置不施肥（CK）、单施化肥（CF）和化肥配施有机肥（CFM）处理,在烟株旺长期,采集020 cm耕作层土壤,测定了微生物量碳、氮含量,微生物标记磷脂脂肪酸（PLFAs）含量和可培养微生物数量;鉴定自生固氮菌、磷细菌和钾细菌的数量;根据PLFAs计算了微生物种群特征值。【结果】有机无机肥配施处理的土壤中,可培养细菌比不施肥土壤增加了6.14倍、 真菌增加了2.30倍、 放线菌增加了1.56倍,增幅显著高于化肥处理;施肥显著提高土壤微生物量碳、氮量。化肥和有机无机肥配合处理土壤的微生物量碳分别比CK增加了71.8%和246%;不同施肥处理土壤微生物量碳/氮比值显著不同,分别为14.8（CK）、13.3（CF）和11.2（CFM）。微生物标记性PLFAs含量以化肥有机肥配合处理最高,化肥处理次之,CK最低。化肥、化肥配施有机肥处理土壤细菌PLFAs比对照分别增加了25.41%和87.66%,真菌PLFAs分别增加了15.59%和39.24%,化肥处理代表放线菌的PLFAs降低了24.63%,化肥配施有机肥处理增加了83.86%,表明施肥尤其是化肥配施有机肥改善了土壤环境,促进了微生物的生长繁殖,并改变了土壤微生物种群结构;施肥处理土壤中微生物群落多样性指数上升,化肥处理还提高了微生物的优势度指数,说明施肥有益于增加微生物的种群数量, 化肥配施有机肥处理显著提高了无机磷细菌和钾细菌的数量,两者分别比对照增加了1.15倍和1.02倍,化肥处理则相反,自生固氮菌和无机磷细菌数量分别比CK降低了56.69%和41.30%;化肥配施有机肥处理土壤中的自生固氮菌、磷细菌和钾细菌共有20个属,CK土壤有19个属,化肥处理土壤仅16个属。 【结论】CFM促进微生物生长繁殖,增加种群多样性,有益于微生物固氮、溶磷、解钾,对于提高肥料利用率和保持土壤健康有重要意义。在烟叶栽培过程中,提倡化肥与有机肥配合施用很有必要。 相似文献
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有机和常规生产施肥方式对棕壤微生物生物量和酶活性的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
以棕壤为研究对象,设不施肥(CK)、单施化肥(F)、化肥与有机肥1∶3配施(F1M3)、化肥与有机肥3∶1配施(F3M1)、单施有机肥(M)共5个处理,探讨有机和常规生产施肥方式对土壤微生物量碳(SMBC)、微生物量氮(SMBN)、微生物量磷(SMBP)和土壤脲酶、过氧化氢酶、蔗糖酶、中性磷酸酶活性的影响。结果表明:与不施肥相比,施肥使SMBC/N有不同程度的降低,单施化肥使SMBC、SMBN、SMBP均有明显降低,脲酶和过氧化氢酶活性下降,中性磷酸酶活性升高;有机生产施肥方式能提高土壤微生物量含量,SMBC表现为单施有机肥>有机无机配施>单施化肥,SMBN和SMBP表现为F1M3>M>F3M1>F;有机肥对蔗糖酶活性影响不大,单施有机肥抑制中性磷酸酶活性;土壤蔗糖酶、过氧化氢酶、中性磷酸酶活性与微生物量碳氮磷有明显相关性。土壤微生物学指标可以有效区分单施化肥的常规生产和单施有机肥的有机生产,SMBC可响应有机生产过程中是否施用过化肥。 相似文献
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复垦土壤贫瘠,磷素含量极低,严重影响作物的生长发育。研究化肥、有机肥配施荧光假单胞菌对玉米产量和复垦土壤磷素形态以及酶活性的影响,为加速培肥矿区复垦土壤提供技术支持和理论依据。该研究在山西省晋中市采煤塌陷区进行了2a的定位培肥试验,共设置7个处理：不施肥（CK）、单施化肥（CF）、化肥配施荧光假单胞菌（CFB）、单施有机肥（M）、有机肥配施荧光假单胞菌（MB）、化肥配施有机肥（MCF）、化肥有机肥配施荧光假单胞菌（MCFB）。采集各处理土壤样品测定相关指标,并通过相关性分析和结构方程模型来探究各形态磷与有效磷以及土壤磷酸酶之间的关系。结果表明：1）在整个试验周期（2021—2022年）,与CK相比,不同施肥处理均能显著提高玉米产量以及各形态磷素。其中,以MB处理下的玉米产量、有效磷、磷活化系数、不稳定态磷以及部分不稳定态磷含量最高,与CK处理相比,玉米产量显著提高2.4倍,有效磷含量、磷活化系数值、不稳定态磷含量、部分不稳定态磷含量分别显著提高4.5倍、4.67倍、0.98倍、1.16倍。2）与CK处理相比,化肥、有机肥配施荧光假单胞菌能够显著提高土壤微生物量磷以及酸性和碱性磷酸酶活性,配施荧光假单胞菌后,微生物量磷水平和碱性磷酸酶活性均以MB较M处理提升效果最佳,分别显著提高27.08%和9.56%。3）结合相关性分析以及结构方程模型,随着荧光假单胞菌和化肥有机肥的施入,在提高不稳定态磷素含量的同时也提高有效磷的供应能力,促进磷素在农田生态系统中的循环转化,产生积极的正向影响。化肥、有机肥配施荧光假单胞菌能够一定程度上影响复垦土壤玉米产量及产量性状、各形态磷素及有效性和微生物活性,对复垦土壤脆弱的农田生态系统产生积极影响。 相似文献
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不同轮作制下长期施肥旱地土壤微生物多样性特征 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
为了探讨典型旱地区施肥制度对土壤微生物多样性的影响,本研究通过27年长期定位试验,采用454测序技术,分析了黄土旱地区小麦连作、苜蓿连作、粮豆轮作中不同化肥及有机肥施肥措施下土壤细菌、真菌多样性的变化情况。结果表明:除施氮肥和有机肥(NM)处理外,施肥后连作小麦土壤细菌Chao指数提高7.5%(施磷肥和有机肥,PM)~60.6%(单施有机肥,M),Shannon指数增加0.04(PM)~0.40(M),肥料单施优于配施;施肥后连作苜蓿土壤细菌Chao指数提高92.0%(单施磷肥,P)~102.4%(施氮肥、磷肥和有机肥,NPM),Shannon指数增加0.30(NPM)~0.32(P);施肥对粮豆轮作土壤细菌多样性影响较小。除小麦连作NP处理外,施肥后各种植系统土壤真菌Chao指数提高19.1%~55.0%,但真菌Shannon指数变化不大或明显下降。黄土旱地区作物连作时施与适当化肥或有机肥,可提高土壤细菌多样性。本研究对优化旱地作物施肥制度、发挥土壤潜力肥力、实现土壤资源可持续利用有着重要的意义。 相似文献
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有机无机肥配施对蔬菜轮作系统重金属污染和产品质量的影响 总被引：9，自引：1，他引：8
孔文杰 《植物营养与肥料学报》2011,17(4):977-984
采用田间试验方法,研究了等氮、磷、钾量条件下,单施化肥和禽畜商品有机肥与化肥配合施用对番茄萝卜青菜轮作系统中的重金属污染和农产品质量的影响。结果表明,中、低量有机肥与化肥配合施用（T2和T3）使蔬菜作物轮作试验中第一季作物番茄的果实产量显著降低,但无机有机肥配施处理使后续作物萝卜和青菜的产量高于单施化肥处理。不同施肥处理番茄果实和青菜地上部的重金属含量和积累量没有显著差异,低量和中量有机肥与化肥配施处理（T2和T3）萝卜肉质根铅含量和所有有机无机肥配施处理（T2、T3和T4）的铅积累量显著低于单施化肥处理。各处理蔬菜可食部分的镉、铅含量均低于食品中污染物限量标准（GB18406.12001）。单施化肥会引起铜的亏缺,配施商品有机肥可有效地减少土壤中铅的积累。因此适量有机肥与化肥配合施用可在一定程度上防止铜和锌等微量营养元素的亏缺,也可有效地降低重金属铅、镉的污染。 相似文献
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《农业环境与发展》2021,(5)
为研究长期有机无机肥配施对红壤性水稻田作物产量、土壤微生物生物量及有机碳分子结构的影响,以始于1984年的江西红壤性水稻田长期定位试验为平台,选取的试验处理包括:不施肥(CK)、单施化肥(NPK)和等养分条件下70%化肥配施30%有机肥(NPKM1)、50%化肥配施50%有机肥(NPKM2)、30%化肥配施70%有机肥(NPKM3),采用固体~(13)C核磁共振测定了土壤有机碳组分含量,分析了土壤化学指标和土壤微生物生物量碳(Microbial biomass carbon,MBC)和微生物生物量氮(Microbial biomass nitrogen,MBN)。结果表明,连续34年的不同施肥处理显著影响了水稻产量、土壤微生物生物量及土壤有机碳(SOC)分子结构。与NPK处理相比,有机肥配施(NPKM1、NPKM2、NPKM3)提高了水稻产量,增幅为6.5%～7.7%(P0.05),中低有机肥配施比例(30%和50%)稳产效果更优。长期单施化肥使土壤严重酸化,而配施有机肥可减缓土壤酸化。长期施肥处理MBC和MBN较CK处理分别显著提高17.0%～71.1%和104.1%～267.0%,但MBC/MBN下降,有机无机肥配施处理较NPK处理提高了微生物熵。长期单施化肥主要提高了烷基碳的相对含量,而配施有机肥同时提高烷基碳和烷氧碳(甲氧基/含氮烷基碳)含量,有利于土壤活性有机质累积。Pearson相关性分析表明土壤微生物生物量与SOC、氮磷养分指标及甲氧基/含氮烷基碳呈显著或极显著正相关,与芳基碳和羧基碳呈显著负相关。冗余分析显示SOC、有效磷、速效钾及烷基碳等对水稻产量的影响较大。研究表明,在供试条件下,长期实行中低比例有机肥配施化肥有利于提高土壤养分和土壤微生物生物量,并改善土壤有机质结构,是维持作物高产和提升土壤质量的有效施肥措施。 相似文献
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施肥对烤烟产量、品质及土壤养分、酶活性的影响 总被引：7，自引：1，他引：6
田间试验设置不施肥、单施化肥和有机无机配施3种施肥处理,研究了施肥对烤烟产量、质量及土壤养分、酶活性的影响。结果表明,在有机无机配施的处理中,烟叶产量最高,中上等烟比不施肥和单施化肥分别提高了24.6%和13.2%,土壤有效养分的变化与烤烟生理需要相协调。此外,施肥显著增强土壤脲酶活性;有机无机配施显著提高土壤蔗糖酶活性;土壤过氧化氢酶活性有机无机配施最高,单施化肥次之,不施肥最低。在不施肥的处理中,土壤酶活性在烤烟主要生育期无显著差异;但在施肥处理中,土壤酶活性随烤烟生育期的延长而提高,说明肥料养分(或有机质)与土温升高的交互作用可能是土壤酶活性提高的主要原因之一。 相似文献
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A simple method to assay inorganic pyrophosphatase activity in soils is described. It involves extraction and colorimetric determination of the orthophosphate (Pi) released when 1 g soil is incubated with buffered (pH 8) pyrophosphate (PPi) solution at 37°C for 5 h. The 1 n H2SO4 used to extract Pi gives quantitative recovery of Pi added to soils, and the colorimetric method used to determine the Pi extracted in the presence of PPi is specific for Pi. The inorganic pyrophosphatase activity of the six soils studied ranged from 50 to 450 μg Pi released·g?1 soil·5 h?1. Steam sterilization (121°C for l h), formaldehyde, fluoride, oxalate, and carbonate inhibited and toluene, Na+, K+, NH+4, Cl?, NO?3, NO?2, SO2?4, and EDTA had no effect on the activity of this enzyme in soils. The initial rates of Pi released obeyed zero-order kinetics. The temperature dependence of the rate constant conformed to the Arrhenius equation up to the point of enzyme inactivation (55°C). The activation energy of pyrophosphatase activity of the six soils studied ranged from 32.5 to 43.2 (av 36.1) kJ·mole?1. Application of the three linear transformations of the Michaelis-Menten equation indicated that the Km values of PPi for pyrophosphatase in four soils ranged from 20 to 51 (avg. 35) mM and that the Vmax ranged from 130 to 830 (av 500) μg Pi released g?1 soil·5 h?1. Studies of other properties of inorganic pyrophosphatase activity in soils are reported. 相似文献
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为探索水土流失的影响因素,防治水土流失,采用自制水土冲刷试验装置,通过平行对比模拟试验,研究了无机盐和无机酸碱溶液对土壤侵蚀的影响规律。结果表明,无机盐溶液对土壤侵蚀作用大小与盐溶液的种类、浓度有关,在溶液中的阴离子相同的条件下,溶液的阳离子不同,冲刷的产沙量不一样,盐溶液浓度变化对土壤侵蚀的影响规律可分为四种:上升型、下降型、波峰型和波谷型。无机酸碱溶液对土壤侵蚀作用大小与酸、碱种类有关,H2SO4,HNO3的产沙量大,H3PO4,HCl的产沙量小;NaOH,KOH的产沙量大,Ca(OH)2,NH3.H2O的产沙量小;碱溶液对土壤的冲刷产沙量远大于酸溶液的产沙量,酸、碱溶液的产沙量均比清水大。 相似文献
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A field experiment was conducted to follow the transformation of ammonium fertilizer applied in rainfed-upland fields. The study was done during the rainy season on a heavy-textured, poorly rained soil. Ammonium fertilizer was applied in rows, and soil samples from different depths were analyzed to check the vertical distribution of inorganic nitrogen. In order to learn the relation between nitrogen loss and nitrification, the effect of nitrification inhibitor was also checked. Ice variety IR5 was used to check nitrogen uptake. The ammonium content decreased by about 40 per cent up to I month after fertilizing and about 90% up to 2 months after fertilizing in the unplanted plots. Up to 5 months it decreased to a level equal to or lower than that before fertilizer application. The accumulation of nitrate was observed in the lower soil layers-after 3 months, but the accumulated amount was too low to account for the loss of ammonia from the surface. The overall loss of mineral nitrogen within 60 cm of the surface was observed after 5 months in unplanted plots. The addition of nitrification inhibitor retarded the decrease of ammonium nitrogen up to 2 months. After 3 months, the nitrifying activity began to recover. Only 23 to 27 per cent of the fertilizer nitrogen was taken up by the rice plants, indicating low efficiency. 相似文献
15.
有机无机肥配施对紫色土旱坡地土壤无机磷迁移的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为探索长江上游紫色土旱坡地麦玉轮作系统减少农田磷素流失的最佳施肥模式,降低磷对水体富营养化的影响。2011—2015年,以紫色土旱坡地典型农作冬小麦和夏玉米为材料,在西南大学试验农场进行田间定点试验。试验采用随机区组设计,共设置7个田间小区试验,分别为倍量施磷肥(2P)、优化施肥(P)、优化施肥+猪粪有机肥(MP)、优化施肥+秸秆还田(SP)、优化施肥量磷减20%+猪粪有机肥(MDP)、优化施肥量磷减20%+秸秆还田(SDP)、不施磷肥(P0)。测定了各农田土壤基础性质,以及0—20,20—40,40—60cm土层土壤全磷和有效磷含量,并对不同施磷水平以及磷肥减量配施不同有机肥条件下紫色土旱坡地土壤磷素迁移流失进行了原位定点研究。结果表明:不同施肥条件下紫色土旱坡地总磷(TP)和总可溶性磷(TDP)迁移流失量有明显的差异。TP流失量大小依次为2PPMPSPMDPSDPP0。2P处理总磷流失量最高,P处理是SDP和MDP处理的1.5~2倍。TDP流失量大小依次为2PMPPMDPSPSDPP0。坡上除了P0和P处理全磷含量有所减少外,其他各处理全磷含量都呈增加趋势,坡中、坡下的增长幅度要大于坡上,其中坡下处理MP比种植季前增加了0.400g/kg。除了P0处理土壤有效磷含量降低外,其他各个小区处理坡上、坡中、坡下土壤中有效磷含量都呈增加趋势。猪粪有机肥和秸秆还田对土壤中磷素有一定的活化作用,促进了磷素在土壤中的迁移,且猪粪有机肥对土壤磷素活化作用更强。化学磷肥减量并配施有机肥是应对农业面源污染"控源节流"的较好措施。 相似文献
16.
The increasing number of cemeteries has caused concern about the possibility of releasing hazardous chemicals and metals into the surroundings. Moreover, many studies use cemeteries for 'background' sampling. This study attempts to identify whether cemeteries are indeed good 'background' areas, or whether they themselves are sources of contamination. Possible contaminants include poisonous chemicals, such as arsenic and mercury, which were used in past embalming and burial practices, which used: formaldehyde from current embalming practices; varnishes, sealers, and preservatives used on wood coffins; and lead, zinc, copper, and steel from metal coffins. This study reports on adsorbed metals in a fine-grained soil from a large cemetery in Northwest Ohio. Metal analyses were performed by atomic absorption and inductively coupled plasma spectrometry. This preliminary investigation revealed numerous possible sources of contamination, and the data support the need for further research. The results of zinc, copper, lead, and iron reveal an increase in concentrations on-site as well as with depth, especially at the burial depth. Dramatic increases in arsenic indicate contamination from embalming fluids or wood preservatives. This study warrants a concern for the quality of soil, groundwater, and nearby surficial water systems. 相似文献
17.
D. F. Grigal 《Water, air, and soil pollution》2012,223(6):3565-3575
Flux of dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN??primarily nitrate) from terrestrial ecosystems has been considered an important contributor to acidification of linked aquatic systems. The basis of this concern is the nitrogen (N) saturation hypothesis, positing that additions of N to terrestrial ecosystems in excess of biological requirements will result in DIN leaching. There is a consensus (implicit hypothesis) in the literature that atmospheric deposition of DIN in excess of a threshold of approximately 10?kg?ha?1?year?1 leads to significant flux. Diverse data from USA indicate that DIN flux is highly variable both in space and time; the spatial uncertainty as measured by the pooled coefficient of variation is about 0.95, and the temporal (inter-year) uncertainty is about 0.75. The relationship between atmospheric deposition of DIN and annual flux is near-linear within the range of current deposition for US sites (??8?kg?ha?1?year?1 wet deposition). If wet and dry depositions are approximately equal, over 85 % of total DIN deposition is retained. This is nearly equal to the retention reported by the US Geological Survey National Water-Quality Assessment Program, which considered all nonpoint sources of N as inputs and both DIN and organic N as fluxes. Although input?Coutput data have high uncertainty, the 85 % retention of atmospheric DIN by terrestrial watersheds casts doubt on its importance as a contributor to aquatic acidification. There is no obvious threshold of deposition leading to DIN leaching. The nitrogen saturation hypothesis may not fully explain N behavior in terrestrial ecosystems. 相似文献
18.
为了探讨堆肥过程中添加无机成分制作有机无机复合肥的可行性,利用有效容积为100 L的堆肥反应器,以鸡粪为主要堆肥原料,研究了添加化肥(尿素、过磷酸钙、硫酸钾)对堆肥过程主要指标的影响。结果表明,添加了无机成分的处理温度升高较快,高温期持续时间长,堆体温度下降较慢,含水量明显高于对照,堆肥结束时的含氮量为17.21 g kg-1,比对照高出1.66 g kg-1;有效磷的含量随时间而增加,由0.48 g kg-1升高到2.19 g kg-1;总的活菌数量与对照相比差异显著。根据有机肥国家标准NY525-2002的规定以及堆肥的各项指标测定结果得出,化学肥料的添加不影响堆肥质量,并且能显著提高堆肥的总养分,但是对堆肥内源微生物活性存在一定影响。 相似文献
19.
《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2012,43(13-14):1877-1888
Abstract Highly calcareous soils are abundant in Iran. The calcium carbonate equivalent (CCE) of these soils reach up to 650 g kg?1. Although phosphorus (P) fertilizer is being widely used in these soils, little information, if any, is available about P status in such soils. The objectives of this study were to 1) determine inorganic P forms in 18 surface soils of southern Iran, 2) study P readsorption during different stages of fractionation schemes, 3) assess the ability of NaOH to extract aluminum (Al)‐P, and 4) evaluate the relationships between P availability indices and inorganic P forms. Eighteen soil samples with a wide range of physicochemical properties were selected for this study. Inorganic P forms was determined by sequential extraction with NaHCO3, NH4OAc, NH4F, NaOH, citrate dithionite (CD), and H2SO4, which are referred to as Ca2‐P, Ca8‐P, Al‐P, Fe‐P, occluded P (O‐P), and Ca10‐P. Phosphorus readsorption in different stages was determined by 1 M MgCl2. Furthermore, a fractionation scheme without an NH4F step was used to evaluate the ability of NaOH to extract Al‐P. NaHCO3 (Olsen‐P) and MgCl2‐extractable P (Exch‐P) were regarded as P-availability indices. The abundance of different P forms was in the order Ca2‐P<Fe‐P<Al‐P<O‐P<Ca8‐P<Ca10‐P. Ca2‐P was highly correlated with Olsen‐P and Exch‐P. Ca2‐P, Olsen‐P, and Exch‐P showed a relationship with CCE, citrate–bicarbonate–dithionite extractable Fe (Fed), and Al (Ald). Phosphorus readsorption appeared to be important only in the Ca8‐P step, and the content of readsorbed P was related to Ca8‐P, CCE, and clay content of the soils. In the present study, Al‐P and Fe‐P accounted for 10 and 5% of the sum of the inorganic P fractions, respectively, and Fe‐P showed a strong relationship with Feo, whereas Al‐P showed a significant relationship with oxalate‐extractable Al (Alo) and Ald. It was found that one extraction with NaOH is not a good indicator for Fe‐ and Al‐P, and the ability of NaOH to extract Al‐P was reduced with increase in Al‐P content. 相似文献
20.
厌氧发酵反应器中的甲烷化以乙酸降解途径为主。已知的数十属产甲烷菌中只有Methanothrix和Methanosarcina以乙酸为底物,其中Methanothrix常为消化器中的主力。该文以乙酸为碳源培养了Methanothrix优势菌液,分析了温度与无机盐对甲烷发酵的动力学影响。结果表明,通过调整无机盐浓度,可使常规浓度培养液的总反应速度常数提高8倍,对Methanothrix产甲烷有显著影响;以研究较为成熟的温度因素作参照,当温度与无机盐在工程范围变化时,引起的动力学常数的变化幅度分别为0．01～0．43和0．04～0．59,无机盐与温度具有相同数量级的影响力。此外,该文采用适于厌氧水解的动力学模型研究乙酸底物甲烷发酵过程,结果表明,其产甲烷进入对数期后与试验数据基本吻合。 相似文献