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《中国家禽》2017,(10)
专业化育成是畜禽产业细分出的朝阳行业,其对提升畜禽养殖水平具有积极作用。文章以蛋鸡为例,对实地调研数据采用DEA及分位数回归相结合的方法,实证分析专业化育成对农户蛋鸡规模养殖效率的影响。结果发现:直接购买育成鸡在蛋鸡全周期养殖的指标上优势明显,可为蛋鸡规模养殖户多获利;专业化育成的蛋鸡规模养殖效率要比自行育成高,且差异主要集中在纯技术效率;专业化育成对农户蛋鸡规模养殖效率具有显著、持续的正向影响,说明专业化育成能够显著提高农户蛋鸡规模养殖水平。基于以上结果,建议从加大对专业化育成行业扶持力度、加强科技创新以及加大重点技术推广力度等方面出台政策,促进专业化育成行业发展以及提升畜禽养殖业的发展水平。 相似文献
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我国是世界蛋鸡养殖大国，自1986年以来，我国禽蛋产量连续20多年位居世界第一。湖北省作为国内重要的商品蛋鸡养殖大省。目前全省良种蛋鸡存笼7000多万只。鸡蛋产量110万t。我省规模化商品蛋鸡养殖经历了20多年的发展虽然取得了巨大成就．但目前普遍存在着以下几个方面的问题：一是蛋鸡养殖的总体规模很大，但以农户为主体的养殖规模较小，蛋鸡生产的集约化、专业化、标准化程度较低。二是以农户为主体的蛋鸡养殖设施普遍简陋，以手工劳动为主的生产管理方式劳动强度大、生产效率低；养鸡生产的环境控制能力差，蛋鸡生产水平低。三是密集的小规模养殖，以及养殖设施的相对简陋、生产布局不尽合理等， 相似文献
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农村专业户蛋鸡养殖经历了 1 0多年的发展 ,初步形成了集约化、专业化、商品化的养殖规模 ,为农村蛋鸡养殖业的发展夯实了基础。但是 ,若使农村蛋鸡养殖再上一个档次 ,达到蛋鸡养殖的最佳效益 ,要求蛋鸡饲养管理者提高认识水平、技术水平、管理水平 ,加大资金投入 ,促进农村蛋鸡养殖业健康、稳定、持续发展。针对目前农村蛋鸡养殖业存在的问题应采取相应的对策。1 良种方面存在的问题及对策农村蛋鸡养殖户在良种问题上 ,已经从盲目引种、新奇引种中接受了教训 ,加上畜牧部门从源头上加强了对畜禽制种的严格管理 ,使商品种鸡的质量也有了前… 相似文献
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我国蛋鸡养殖规模化发展现状调研分析报告 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
为摸清我国蛋鸡养殖规模化发展现状,国家蛋鸡产业技术体系于2013年6~8月期间,专门组织力量在我国蛋鸡养殖主产区开展了大范围调研活动,对我国蛋鸡养殖规模结构分布、经营模式与生产指标等进行详细调查与分析。调查结果显示:专业化家庭养殖和中小规模养殖是目前我国蛋鸡养殖的主要形式。养殖规模越大,专业养殖和有执照养殖(场)户所占比例越高,设有饲料加工、鸡粪处理区域的比例越高。阶梯笼养、乳头饮水器饮水、人工喂料、人工集蛋、深埋死鸡在不同养殖规模中所占比例均较高。 相似文献
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目前,蛋鸡养殖业发展迅速,规模化、集约化生产水平较高,家禽养殖业整体生产力显著增强。虽然我国鸡蛋产量占世界40%左右,禽蛋总产量保持在世界前列,但我国蛋鸡养殖的主体仍然以中小型蛋鸡养殖公司和散养户为主。随着大规模及超大规模家禽养殖企业在资金、技术、科研等方面实力不断增强,禽蛋市场逐渐被这些大型家禽养殖企业占领。笔者针对中小型家禽养殖企业如何顺应国内行业及市场发展以谋得生存之地,中小型蛋鸡养殖企业如何不断跟进国家蛋鸡养殖业的趋势,在日益严峻的环境中提高自身核心竞争力,寻求特色禽产品开发等方面进行探讨,以期为这些企业面临的困境提供思路和对策。 相似文献
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《上海畜牧兽医通讯》2018,(6)
正商品代蛋鸡的生产性能直接影响养殖企业的经济效益,而产蛋期的生产性能与青年后备蛋鸡饲养的好坏显著相关。目前,青年后备蛋鸡的高密度、专业化饲养逐渐成为蛋鸡养殖发展的趋势,但仍处于起步阶段。本文旨在阐述高密度层叠式笼养模式下青年后备蛋鸡的饲养管理要点,为此模式下的青年后备蛋鸡饲养提供参考。1我国青年后备鸡产业发展现状、优势及存在的问题随着我国蛋鸡饲养水平的不断提高以及全进 相似文献
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正随着我国蛋鸡行业的发展,尤其近几年正处于深度整合期,十年以前的养殖专业村迅速消失,小规模大群体的格局迅速消亡,取而代之的是蛋鸡养殖场单场规模的增大和外来资本投资的巨型集约化养殖场,但是即使这样行业内仍普遍存在以下几种问题。规模发展程度参差不齐,总体养殖水平依然较差据中国畜牧业协会禽业分会近期调查统计,全国蛋鸡平均饲养规模为5500只左右,专业化规模养殖户和中小规模养殖依然是目前蛋鸡的主要养殖形式。其占养殖比例的85%左右,占蛋鸡存栏量的93%左右,不过对于十年前的养殖水平和规模已经提高了很多。从业者综合素质偏低 相似文献
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<正>近年来,随着蛋鸡养殖向标准化、规模化、专业化发展,"小规模、大群体、小而全"的养殖方式已不再适应当前蛋鸡行业发展的需要。这就要求蛋鸡养殖实行专业化分段饲养,也就是由专业化青年鸡场培育青年鸡,此种饲养模式可有效提高资源利用率,降低成本,提高生物安全等级。为了更好地促进青年鸡行业健康、 相似文献
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Beran GW 《Preventive veterinary medicine》2008,86(3-4):198-207
When early people made their appearance, zoonotic infectious diseases were already waiting, but epidemic diseases did not appear in human history until people began to live in large numbers under conditions of close contact, mainly during the last 10,000 years. Disease has decimated urban populations, conquered armies, and disrupted society. The focus here is on (1) the plague of Athens and the Black Death; (2) smallpox, influenza, and rabies; (3) avian influenza prion diseases, and foot & mouth disease; and (4) emerging and re-emerging diseases. All have veterinary public health associations. In Athens, Greece, in 430 BC, when the Spartans ravaged the countryside, hordes crowded into Athens so that orderly movements, space in which to live, and adequate supplies of food became impossible. Crowding of any population fosters disease transmission; chaos and disorder enhance it all the more. Out of northern Egypt came a terrible plague from across the Mediterranean Sea. The identity of the plague of Athens remains unsure, but the well-considered conclusion is Rift Valley Fever, a mosquito borne, viral zoonosis. The Black Death, also called the Plague, raged in Asia for centuries. In 1347, the Black Death was brought by a ship out of Asia to Sicily. The scenes of devastation were repeated throughout Europe, with 90% or more of the people dying in city after city. Influenza, too, has been a cause of periodic human epidemics, but the great pandemic of influenza occurred in the last months of World War I. In the years of highest occurrence, more than half the world's population became clinically infected. If veterinary public health had been born earlier, it could have led to elucidating the epidemiology of influenza and the plagues of Athens, Europe, and Asia. In turn, smallpox had also caused continual tragedy. In 1796, Edward Jenner began to harvest pustules of cowpox from children or infected cows and inject them into susceptible children. In 1980, the World Health Organization declared that smallpox had been eliminated from the world. Rabies, though, still strikes terror. A number of animal diseases, broadly termed emerging and re-emerging diseases, need surveillance because they have the potential to impact human health. From late in 2003 to 2007, the highly pathogenic H5N1 influenza virus in poultry infected at least 121 people and caused 62 deaths in four countries. The prion diseases, too, all have very high numbers in concentrated contacts. To control these diseases, veterinary public health is essential, with diagnosis, epidemiological surveillance, clinical manifestations, and prevention as primary measures. 相似文献
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Dekker A Dercksen D Snoep J van Wuyjckhuise L 《Tijdschrift voor diergeneeskunde》2007,132(18):695-701
On 26th of july 2007 a new case of bluetongue was notified in the Netherlands and on 2nd of august 2007 foot-and-mouth disease was diagnosed in Surrey, England, which raised the threat of having both infections simultaniously in one area. Bluetongue and foot-and-mouth disease have a different pathogenesis, but symptoms may resemble each other at a later stage of infection. The pathogenesis and possible clinical symptoms of both infections are discussed and illustrated with pictures. 相似文献
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在动物的异常行为中以刻板行为最为常见,而咽气癖又是马最常见的口部刻板行为之一。作者就咽气癖在生理方面和心智方面对马体产生的影响、行为基础、诱因的研究进展及常见的防治措施进行综述。 相似文献
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近几年,世界饲用添加剂市场增长较快,预计今后将进一步增长,据世界粮农组织(FAO)首领会议的倡议,到2015年,将使世界营养不良的人口削减一半,其间,肉制品将会以每年2％的速度增长,特别是加快猪肉和禽肉增长。这将促进世界添加剂,尤其是蛋氨酸和赖氨酸需求量的增加。 相似文献
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