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【目的】林下植被抚育是桉树人工林的重要经营措施之一,研究多代连栽桉树人工林林下植被与土壤渗透性能等物理性状的变化为科学管理林下植被提供依据。【方法】通过调查不同连栽代次桉树人工林林下植被多样性和生物量、枯枝落叶现存量、土壤容重、渗透性能等指标,分析了林下植被和土壤物理性状的变化。【结果】1）随着连栽代次的增加,桉树林下植被Margalef丰富度指数呈现先增加后降低的变化趋势,在种植前期对林下植被丰富度有促进作用,而Pielou均匀度指数表现出下降趋势,说明连栽导致林下植被种间的个体差异变大;2）随着连栽代次的增加,桉树林地土壤孔隙度、持水量、渗透性能和土壤蓄水量大致呈现先增加后降低的变化趋势,而土壤容重变化趋势则相反,表明种植前期土壤物理性能不断得到改善,第4代是生产经营者需注重改善土壤物理状况的关键阶段;3）通过相关分析发现林下植被Margalef丰富度指数与毛管持水量和田间持水量呈显著正相关;林下植被生物量与容重呈显著负相关,与最大持水量和部分孔隙度指标呈现显著正相关;枯枝落叶现存量与总孔隙度、渗透性能指标呈显著或极显著正相关;土壤孔隙状况和持水性能受林下植被的影响更大,土壤渗透性... 相似文献
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通过对"永林公司"不同森林经营模式下水源涵养功能的比较研究,结果表明:不同经营模式林冠层的水源涵养能力都大于灌草层,部分枯枝落叶层大于林冠层。其中,林冠层持水量最大的为采育结合模式,持水量高达16.7461t/hm2,封禁保护模式和生态功效模式林冠层持水量也较高,均在10t/hm2之上。相比之下,保育补植模式林冠层持水量最小,仅有1.8334 t/hm2;灌木层持水量最大的是块状利用模式,为5.4354t/hm2;最小的是采育结合模式,为0.1346 t/hm2。其他经营模式的持水量大小相差不大,在0.2-0.4 t/hm2之间;枯枝落叶层的生物量大致在5-17 t/hm2范围内,其中持水量最高的为改良增效模式,达到16.2668 t/hm2;其它依次为保育补植模式、封禁保护模式、间伐调整模式、生态功效模式、定向培育模式、集约经营模式、采育结合模式、块状利用模式;另外,各种经营模式土壤的贮水能力大小顺序为生态功效模式改良增效模式采育结合模式集约经营模式封禁保护模式块状利用模式定向培育模式间伐调整模式保育补植模式;各种经营模式中土壤渗透能力比较好的有间伐调整模式和采育结合模式,而改良增效模式、定向培育模式和集约经营模式的渗透能力比较差。 相似文献
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杉木天然林和人工林涵养水源功能研究 总被引：8，自引：0，他引：8
通过对杉阔天然混交林、天然杉木林和杉木人工林的林冠层、林下植被层、枯枝落叶层和土壤层水源涵养功能的研究,结果表明:两种天然林总持水量分别比人工林高699 18t·hm-2和337 67t·hm-2,天然林具有更好的涵蓄水分功能。林分不同层次的持水量大小顺序为:土壤层>枯枝落叶层>林冠层>林下植被层,土壤层是森林涵蓄降水的主要场所,其贮水量占林分总贮水量的90%以上。天然林地上部分各层次的持水量分配较为均匀,而杉木人工林林冠层持水量大大高于林下植被和枯枝落叶层的持水量,这种结构不利于削弱林内降雨侵蚀力,土壤也较为板结,渗透功能较差。 相似文献
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文章通过对现有柞蚕场及停蚕后封育的柞树林现状调查,结果表明,现有部分柞蚕场沙化严重,主要表现在植被群落组成单一,柞木灌丛稀疏,层次结构不明显,缺乏草本、灌木层植物,植被覆盖度低,沙石裸露,有机质含量很少。杂木林和封育蚕场枯枝落叶生物量比正在放蚕的柞蚕场提高85.0%、3.5%和182.4%;枯枝落叶的持水量提高118.0%、51.7%和90.5%;柞蚕场封育后的林分土壤自然含水量、毛管持水量、田间持水量及最大含水量均高于放蚕的柞蚕场;毛管孔隙度、总孔隙度柞蚕场封育后的林分土壤明显高于柞蚕场;柞蚕场封育后的林分0~20cm土层有机质、全氮、碱解氮平均含量比正在放蚕的柞蚕场提高49.6%~116.5%,25.0%~100.0%,2.7%~38.4%,对柞蚕场生态效益、柞蚕生产过程以及柞蚕场遭到破坏的原因等方面进行分析,提出实现柞蚕场的可持续经营对策及建议。 相似文献
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杉木林枯枝落叶层现存量的影响因素分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过收集杉木林枯枝落叶层现存量数据,分析杉木林枯枝落叶层现存量与年平均温度、年降水量、林分年龄、枝叶生物量、凋落物量、林下植被生物量的相关关系。结果表明,杉木林枯枝落叶层现存量与林龄、林下植被生物量、凋落物量、枝叶生物量呈显著正相关,其中与林下植被生物量相关性最大,与年均温呈负相关,而与年降水量无显著相关。多元线性回归分析表明,林龄可单独解释枯枝落叶现存量变化的21.2%,而林龄、降水量、年均温、枝叶生物量可以解释枯枝落叶现存量变化的38.6%。 相似文献
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滇中高原区主要森林类型枯枝落叶层对降雨的截留功能 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
枯枝落叶层是森林植被对降雨再分配的第２作用层,对土壤发育有重要影响的层次。在实测本区主要森林类型枯枝落叶量及其持水能力的基础上,采用１００ｍ＾２最大截留能力、１００ｇ枯枝落叶最大持水能力及最大持水率等指标对不同森林类型枯枝落叶量,组成及其发育情况进行了综合评价。 相似文献
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《内蒙古林业调查设计》2016,(6):129-130
文章论述了枯枝落叶层的组成和数量,以及枯枝落叶层的持水量、截留量的基本概念和影响枯枝落叶层持水量的因素。总体分析了枯枝落叶层对水的影响。 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(5):427-435
In Scandinavia, moose (Alces alces L.) sometimes cause severe browsing damage to economically-important pine. Moose-vehicle accidents have spurred construction of fences along roads, and these may interfere with moose migration between summer and winter ranges, or the road alone may be a barrier. If this happens and moose build up along roads, landowners may suffer economically. Therefore, this study investigated whether roads, fences or other factors influence the use of young pine stands by moose. Eighty stands along roads in northern Sweden were evaluated in which individually-browsed branches were counted on 9972 pines. Moose browsing was not significantly related to birch (Betula pendula Roth, B. pubescens Ehrh.) density, nor did it differ between pines (Pinus contorta Douglas or P. sylvestris L.). However, increased pine density, site productivity and proximity to a highway were associated with increased browsing. Further large-scale studies are needed to understand moose habitat selection and the effects of roads. 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(3):206-217
The root systems of 2-yr-old Picea glauca, Picea mariana and Pinus banksiana seedlings were submitted to various frost temperatures during an artificial frost to induce different levels of root damage. Frost-damaged and control seedlings were placed in a greenhouse under high and low soil moisture regimes. Seedling growth and physiology were evaluated periodically. Seedling survival was reduced when root damage reached levels of 60-80%. Root systems of all three species showed partial to total recovery by the end of the experiment. In general, root freezing damage caused reductions in seedling growth, with these reductions becoming less significant over time. Root damage had little to no effect on black spruce and jack pine seedling physiology, while white spruce CO 2 uptake decreased with increasing root damage. Shoot nitrogen content of all three species decreased slightly with increasing root damage. 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(1):53-61
This study investigated the stand structure in pine, spruce and deciduous forests in the border district of Finland and Russia. A total of 46 mature forest stands was selected as pairs, the members of each pair being as similar as possible with respect to their forest site type, age, moisture and topography. The stands were then compared between the two countries by means of basal areas and number of stems. The proportions of dominating tree species were 2-12% lower, and correspondingly the proportions of secondary tree species higher, in Russian forests. The density of the forest stock was also higher in each forest type in Russia. The forests in the two countries differed most radically in terms of the abundance of dead trees. The amount was two to four times higher in Russian deciduous and spruce forests, and in pine forests the difference was 10-fold. The stand structures indicated that Russian coniferous stands, in particular, were more heterogeneous than intensively managed pine and spruce stands in Finland. 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(1):15-27
The root collar diameter and the height:diameter ratio are of particular importance in container-grown seedlings where a high density in the containers may produce spindly seedlings. Temperature regimes and light quality are known to affect plant growth. The aim of this study was to identify responses in Picea abies (L.) Karst. seedlings grown with light providing different red:far-red ratios and under temperature regimes with alternating day (DT) and night temperature (NT) from negative (DT < NT) to positive (DT > NT) difference (DIF) between DT and NT. Experiments were conducted in controlled environment chambers and in a daylight phytotron. Only limited thermoperiodic responses appeared in P . abies seedlings with respect to seedling height and dry weight accumulation. The formation of terminal buds, however, was clearly delayed in seedlings grown at negative DIF. The results indicate a requirement for day extension light that is high in far-red, to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions. An extended study should be conducted to clarify the minimum level of light intensity and the optimal light quality needed to prevent terminal bud formation under natural short-day conditions. 相似文献
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本文分析了CAD在设计中引起的正面和负面影响,并进行了系统的阐述,从而使设计者在应用中能够保持客观的态度。 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(2):131-138
The effects of soil scarification (mounding), slash removal and clear-cut age on the natural regeneration in clear-cuts was evaluated using data from four sites in southern Sweden. The treatments were carried out during a good seed and establishment year for birch ( Betula pubescens Ehrh. and B. pendula Roth). Scarification had the strongest positive effect on the density of naturally regenerated seedlings, especially in birch, but also in pine ( Pinus sylvestris L.) and spruce [ Picea abies (L.) Karst]. Slash removal had a positive effect on birch density. No statistically significant effect of clear-cut age was found. In addition, no statistically significant interactions between clear-cut age and scarification or slash removal were found. The ingrowth of field vegetation was the fastest in areas that were not scarified, less rapid in areas scarified on old clear-cuts, and the slowest after scarification in fresh clear-cuts. In conclusion, it may be possible to control the density of birch during a good establishment year for birch. If birch is desired, the best combination of treatments is to remove the slash and scarify; otherwise, these treatments should be avoided. 相似文献
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《Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research》2012,27(5):472-479
Based on an enquiry, risk perception among non-industrial private forest owners is described in relation to climate change and forestry hazards. Of the respondents, 11% took action to remedy the effects of climate change. Out of a given set, hazards were ranked according to each respondent's experience of recent substantial financial loss to the estate and in relation to his or her willingness to make investments aimed at risk reduction. For each hazard, the respondent assessed the risk in four classes ranging from very high to negligible risk. Six hazards were considered most problematic in all three aspects: browsing damage, falling timber prices, damage by wind, spruce bark beetle, root rot and pine weevil. A majority of the respondents claimed to take action to reduce the risk associated with at least one hazard, while 35% did not know whether they did. Excluding climate change, the need for decision support was the largest in relation to damage by wind owing to a combination of perceived high risk and a high level of ignorance in relation to whether risk-reducing measures were taken. 相似文献
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Srisuda Thippayarugs Banyong Toomsan Patma Vityakon Viriya Limpinuntana Aran Patanothai Georg Cadisch 《Agroforestry Systems》2008,72(2):137-148
In situ produced plant residues contain a mixture of different plant components of varying quality. To assess synergistic
or antagonistic interactions occurring during the decomposition and mineralization of such mixtures, individual plant parts
(stems, leaves, leaf litter and roots) or the mixture of stems, leaves and leaf litter of the agroforestry species pigeonpea
(Cajanus cajan) or of crop residues of peanut (Arachis hypogaea) or of the weed hairy indigo (Indigofera hirsuta) were incubated in pots for 19 weeks. Periodically, remaining plant residues were sieved out (>2 mm), weighed and N content
as well as soil mineral N determined. Above- and below-ground residues of peanut decomposed fastest and showed the largest
N release in agreement with their high N concentration and low-acid detergent fibre (ADF) : N ratio. Hairy indigo was hypothesized
to be of lower quality than pigeonpea because of its high-polyphenol content. However, it decomposed faster than pigeonpea,
largely because of the higher N and lower lignin concentration of its components. Ranking of individual plant components for
N mineralization resulted in the following pattern, leaves > leaf litter > roots > stems. In mixtures of the different plant
components a similar species order in decomposition was obtained, e.g. peanut > hairy indigo > pigeonpea. The amount of N
released from the mixture was dominated by stem material that comprised 46–61% of the mixture. The interactions in mixtures
were relatively small for peanut (generally high-quality components) as well as for pigeonpea (low proportion of high-quality
components, i.e. N rich leaf material). However, a positive interaction occurred during later stages of N mineralization in
the mixture of hairy indigo as it had a significant proportion of N rich components and absence of highly reactive polyphenols.
Thus, for plants with low to intermediate chemical quality attributes, manipulating plant composition (e.g. by varying harvest
age, affecting stem and leaf proportions) will be important to obtain significant interactions during decomposition when its
components are mixed. 相似文献
20.
A. Rigueiro-Rodríguez M. R. Mosquera-Losada E. Gatica-Trabanini 《Agroforestry Systems》2000,48(3):245-256
The use of organic waste materials such as milk sewage as an organic fertilizer could have the dual advantages of organic-waste
disposal and reduced dependence on inorganic fertilizers. The effects of fertilization with (1) conventional mineral fertilization,
(2) milk sewage sludge at 40 kg N ha−1 target rate and (3) no fertilization on pasture production and tree growth were examined in an experiment consisting of two
pasture mixtures under a one-year-old Pinus radiata plantation with a density of 2500 trees ha−1. The two pasture mixtures were: (1) Dactylis glomerata L. var. saborto (25 kg ha−1) + Trifolium repens L. group Ladino (4 kg ha−1) + Trifolium pratense L. var. Marino (1 kg ha−1); (2) Lolium perenne L. var. Tove (25 kg ha−1) + Trifolium repens L. group Ladino (4 kg ha−1) + Trifolium pratense L. var. Marino (1 kg ha−1). The experiment began in the spring of 1995 using a randomized block design with three replicates in Castro Riberas de Lea
(Lugo, Galicia, north-western Spain). Plot size was 12 × 8 m2, with a 1 m buffer strip between plots. Two-year data showed that fertilization with either material had a positive effect
on pasture production, with no significant difference between the two fertilization treatments. Tree growth in the milk sewage
sludge plot was significantly higher than in the control plots. Inorganic fertilization increased pasture production, but
affected tree growth negatively. The results show that milk sewage sludge could be used as a fertilizer in silvo-pastoral
systems.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献