共查询到18条相似文献，搜索用时 171 毫秒
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本文概述了微卫星DNA进行亲子鉴定的基本原理方法，将其用于亲子鉴定的优点以及研究进展，最后对未来的应用进行了展望。 相似文献
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在牛的育种实践和科学研究中,正确的系谱记录是准确估计育种值、提高遗传进展的基础,是研究各性状分子机理的重要保证。而在生产实践中,由于各种原因,系谱错误在所难免,因此亲子鉴定作为纠正系谱错误的重要方法是育种实践和科研中不可或缺的研究内容。目前用于牛亲子鉴定的标记主要是微卫星标记(SSR)和单核苷酸多态性(SNP)标记。作为第三代分子标记,SNP标记具有数量丰富、遗传稳定、判型错误率低、操作方便、检测自动化的优点,非常适合用于大规模群体的亲子鉴定。随着SNP检测成本的降低,在牛亲子鉴定中有取代微卫星标记之势。 相似文献
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《中国畜牧杂志》2018,(12)
本研究旨在为猪亲子鉴定提供一种快速、准确的鉴定方法。先用非变性聚酰胺凝胶电泳方法对猪的55个微卫星位点进行筛选,再以高分辨率熔解曲线(HRM)技术对筛选出的微卫星位点进行多态性检测,再对其中一微卫星位点进行克隆测序验证,处理得到的数据,进行猪亲子鉴定研究。结果表明:利用非变性聚酰胺凝胶电泳实验筛选出12个适于HRM检测的微卫星位点,HRM技术对12个微卫星多态性进行检测,共检测出50个等位基因,平均值为4.167个,有效等位基因数平均值为2.675 0,群体遗传杂合度平均值为0.595 0,平均多态信息含量为0.540 0;对SW72位点克隆测序的结果与HRM技术检测结果一致;12个微卫星组合在双亲未知、只知单亲和双亲已知的情况下计算的累积排除率各为0.940 1、0.991 5和0.999 9;利用建立的亲子鉴定体系对样本中8个家系进行检测,结果累积排父率均大于0.999 9。HRM技术对12个微卫星位点组合进行检测,能够快速、准确地对猪进行亲子鉴定。 相似文献
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微卫星DNA在牦牛亲权鉴定中的应用研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了探讨微卫星DNA在牦牛亲权鉴定应用的可行性,选用FAO推荐的17个微卫星座位,检测其在天祝白牦牛群体中的多态性水平,计算这17个微卫星座位用于亲权鉴定的累积排除率。结果表明,17个微卫星座位平均等位基因数为6.235;多态信息含量介于0.191~0.824之间,平均为0.608,为高度多态;一个候选亲本的累积排除概率为0.997,2个候选亲本的累积排除概率为0.999 999 97,各个微卫星座位零等位基因频率均在0.05以下,微卫星DNA可以应用于牦牛的亲权鉴定。 相似文献
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３微卫星标记的应用自微卫星被发现以来就受到了家畜遗传育种家们的高度重视,并且充分认识到了把它作为畜种的基因组变异研究所具有的巨大的潜在价值。现在它已被十分成功地作为富含信息、又容易获得的基因标记,广泛用于构建物种的遗传连锁图,基因鉴定（基因诊断）、物... 相似文献
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12 cattle microsatellite DNA markers were used for establishing the paternity of 4 Datong Yak calves.The results indicated that paternity can be assigned by use of exclusion method directely when the mother is clearly known and data of all likely sires were obtained. The more the alleles of a locus possessed, the more effectively the paternity can be assigned. Not only the microsatellite DNA marker is a promising tool in establishment of yak detail pedigrees, but also can provide us information of reproductive efficiency of the bull(s) based on the numbers of calves it produced in the herd, which will be useful in speeding up the processes of yak genetics improvement. 相似文献
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Gomez-Raya L Priest K Rauw WM Okomo-Adhiambo M Thain D Bruce B Rink A Torell R Grellman L Narayanan R Beattie CW 《Journal of animal science》2008,86(1):17-24
The feasibility and economic value of DNA paternity identification were investigated and illustrated using Nevada beef cattle operations. A panel of 15 microsatellites was genotyped in 2,196 animals from 8 ranches with a total of 31,571 genotypes. Probabilities of exclusion for each marker within ranch and across ranches were computed. Joint probabilities of exclusion for the 15 microsatellites were also determined, resulting in values over 0.99 for any individual ranch and across ranches. Dropping 1 or 2 microsatellites with the lowest probabilities of exclusion resulted in joint probabilities greater than 0.99 and with marginal reduction compared with the probabilities with 15 microsatellites. Formulas for benefit-cost analysis for a DNA paternity identification program in beef cattle were derived. Genotyping 15 microsatellites with 20 calves per sire resulted in benefits of $1.71 and $2.44 per dollar invested at bull culling rates of 0.20 and 0.30, respectively. The breakpoints for the program to be profitable occurred when the ratio of the price of 1 kg of calf liveweight over the cost of genotyping 1 microsatellite was greater than 1.1 for a bull culling rate of 0.30. Benefit-cost analysis was also derived under incomplete DNA paternity identification using a lower number of DNA markers than necessary to achieve joint probabilities of exclusion of 0.99. Approximately a 20% increase in the benefit-cost ratio was achieved using 10 vs. 12 microsatellites with incomplete paternity identification. The greater the number of bulls in the operation, the lower the benefit-cost ratio of the paternity testing program. Low probabilities of exclusion and a high number of bulls in the beef operation reduced the benefit-cost ratio dramatically. The DNA paternity identification programs are feasible and may be profitable for free-range beef cattle operations. 相似文献
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Rieder S Bärlocher HU Jörg H Hagger C Stranzinger G 《Schweizer Archiv für Tierheilkunde》2000,142(3):120-125
Molecular markers allow a characterization of animal populations on DNA level. They help to estimate the genetic variability, they are useful in paternity control, to diagnose hereditary diseases, in epidemiology and last but not least support traditional tools to take breeding decisions. Seventy-six new-world camelids in Switzerland were genetically typed for six microsatellite markers and their parentage controlled. Calculation of allele frequencies, heterozygosity, polymorphism information content, deviation from Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium and exclusion probability of markers showed a high genetic variability within the chosen populations. This will allow selection for certain traits. The estimated genetic distance between different camelid species and breeds was in accordance with their expected phylogenetic origins. 相似文献
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利用黑尾鹿、白尾鹿等近缘物种的18对微卫星引物,对2个东北马鹿肌肉DNA样品和176个粪便DNA样品进行扩增,通过毛细管电泳法筛选适合东北马鹿的微卫星位点。结果表明,其中3个位点为高度多态性位点（PIC〉0.5）,1个为中度多态性位点（0.5〉PIC〉0.25）。共检测到26个等位基因片段,平均每个位点6.5个等位基因。多态信息含量0.393～0.827,个体识别率0.643～0.958,累积个体识别率为0.9999,累积非父排除率为0.9976。这4个多态性微卫星位点为东北马鹿的遗传研究提供了理论依据。 相似文献