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1.
为研究发酵鱼溶浆(FSW)替代鱼粉对大菱鲆(Scophthalmus maximus)幼鱼生长、抗氧化能力、蛋白质代谢及相关基因表达的影响,实验设正对照组(50%鱼粉),负对照组(30%鱼粉),在负对照组基础上分别以2%、4%、6%、8%的FSW替代鱼粉,分别命名为FSW2、FSW4、FSW6和FSW8组,饲喂初始体重为(30.00±0.03) g的大菱鲆幼鱼8周。结果显示,各组间幼鱼成活率均无显著差异(P>0.05),FSW2~FSW8组幼鱼增重率、蛋白质效率与正对照组无显著差异(P>0.05),但均显著高于负对照组(P<0.05)。FSW2~FSW8组全鱼和背肌粗蛋白含量与正对照组无显著差异,但显著高于负对照组(P<0.05);负对照组全鱼和背肌粗脂肪含量显著高于其他组(P<0.05)。负对照组血清谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、谷草转氨酶(AST)和甘油三脂(TG)均显著高于正对照组(P<0.05),负对照组、FSW2 ~FSW8组血清中总胆固醇(T-CHO)、ALT和AST呈先降低后升高的趋势,肝脏中ALT和AST含量则呈相反趋势。负对照组血清中高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)含量显著低于正对照组(P<0.05)。负对照组肝脏中蛋白激酶A(PKA)、蛋白激酶C(PKC)和乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)活性均显著低于正对照组(P<0.05)。与正对照组相比,负对照组肠道中氨基酸转运载体b0at1和小肽转运载体pept1表达量上调,氨基酸转运载体cat1、pat1表达量差异不显著,FSW2~FSW8组b0at1、cat1、pat1和pept1表达量均显著高于正对照组和负对照组(P<0.05)。综上所述,饲料中添加FSW显著改善了实验鱼对饲料蛋白质的利用率,缓解了植物蛋白造成的生长性能下降。以增重率为评价指标,添加FSW可使饲料中鱼粉的使用量降低至22%,且鱼体在生长和体组成上与50%鱼粉组无显著差异。 相似文献
2.
低鱼粉饲料中添加牛磺酸对青鱼幼鱼生长、肠道修复及抗急性拥挤胁迫的影响 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：2
为研究低鱼粉饲料中添加牛磺酸对青鱼幼鱼[初始质量(5.90±0.03)g]生长、肠道修复及抗急性拥挤胁迫的影响,实验以青鱼正常鱼粉组(20%)为对照组,10%鱼粉组为负对照组(I_0组),在低鱼粉饲料中分别添加0.05%(I_(0.05)组)、0.1%(I_(0.1)组)、0.2%(I_(0.2)组)、0.4%(I_(0.4)组)牛磺酸,配制6种等氮等脂饲料,饲养8周。饲养实验结束后,参考生长结果,选择对照组、I_0组、I_(0.1)组、I_(0.4)组进行急性拥挤胁迫实验。结果显示:①与对照组相比,I_0组增重率显著下降,随着低鱼粉饲料中牛磺酸水平的升高,青鱼幼鱼增重率呈先上升后下降趋势,当牛磺酸添加量为0.1%时与对照组差异不显著;②相对于对照组,I_0组的绒毛高度降低、隐窝深度增加,杯状细胞数降低,添加牛磺酸使绒毛高度升高、隐窝深度降低,杯状细胞数和淋巴细胞数增多;③急性拥挤胁迫使青鱼幼鱼血清史质醇、血糖、血清溶菌酶(LSZ)、补体C3、超氧物歧化酶(SOD)和谷胱甘肽(GSH)含量均呈先升高后下降的趋势,其最大值出现在胁迫2 h或者8 h。在整个胁迫期间,I_0组史质醇和血糖含量高于其他各饲料组,I_0组溶菌酶、补体C3、SOD和GSH均低于其他各饲料组。研究表明,在低鱼粉饲料中添加牛磺酸可提高青鱼生长性能、改善肠道结构、增强青鱼的抗急性拥挤胁迫的能力。 相似文献
3.
以鸡肉粉替代饲料中0%、20%、40%、60%、80%的鱼粉,配制5种等氮等能饲料。选取初始体质量为(22.82±0.08)g的大菱鲆幼鱼180尾,随机分为5组(每组3个重复,每重复12尾)分别投喂一种饲料,试验周期为8周。试验结果表明,鸡肉粉替代鱼粉对大菱鲆幼鱼终末体质量、特定生长率、饲料系数以及质量增加率产生显著影响(P0.05)。鸡肉粉替代鱼粉对大菱鲆幼鱼鱼体水分、粗蛋白、灰分、能量含量未造成显著影响(P0.05),鸡肉粉替代组粗蛋白含量比对照组略微升高,粗脂肪含量比对照组显著降低(P0.05),鸡肉粉替代组之间的粗脂肪含量无显著差异(P0.05),但有升高的趋势。鸡肉粉替代40%鱼粉时,血清谷草转氨酶、谷丙转氨酶活力显著高于对照组(P0.05)。鸡肉粉替代鱼粉对肝脏谷丙转氨酶、谷草转氨酶活力影响显著(P0.05)。鸡肉粉替代鱼粉对主要营养成分的表观消化率产生显著影响(P0.05)。本试验结果表明,鸡肉粉替代20%的鱼粉对大菱鲆幼鱼生长最为有利。 相似文献
4.
《淡水渔业》2015,(5)
为研究豆粕替代鱼粉和添加牛磺酸及其交互作用对翘嘴鲌(Culter alburnus)幼鱼生长等指标的影响,试验设计豆粕替代鱼粉水平为0.00%、20.00%、35.00%、50.00%,牛磺酸水平为0.00%、1.00%,采用4×2双因素试验,配置了D1~D8共8个等氮(45.43%±0.80%)、等脂(9.2%±0.44%)的饲料处理组。结果显示,饲料中添加豆粕及牛磺酸对翘嘴鲌幼鱼生长性能无显著影响;随豆粕替代比例的增加,鱼体粗蛋白、粗脂肪含量显著降低(P0.05);血清谷草转氨酶(AST)、谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、碱性磷酸酶(AKP)活性及甘油三酯(TG)含量显著提高(P0.05);总胆固醇(TC)、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)含量显著降低。牛磺酸显著降低了粗脂肪含量;AST、ALT、AKP活性及TG、TC、HDL-C、LDL-C含量均显著降低。豆粕替代鱼粉比例及牛磺酸对肥满度(CF)、IPF、脏体比(VSI)、AST、AKP活性及TG、TC、HDL-C、LDL-C含量具有显著交互作用。综合各项指标,本试验条件下推荐翘嘴鲌幼鱼的豆粕替代鱼粉比例是35%;添加1%牛磺酸可以改善鱼体生长性能。 相似文献
5.
试验研究了豆粕、菜粕和棉粕组成的混合植物蛋白替代饲料中鱼粉,对杂交鲟幼鱼的生长、排氨率及转氨酶活性的影响。共设计了5种等氮、等能的饲料,分别用混合植物蛋白替代饲料中0%、25%、50%、75%和100%的鱼粉。养殖周期为84d,幼鱼平均体质量(8.63±0.23)g,流水养殖,水流速为0.2m/s,水温18~20℃。结果显示,100%试验组终末均质量、质量增加率和特定生长率显著低于对照组(P0.05),而存活率显著低于其他各组(P0.05)。25%和50%试验组排氨率较低,均显著低于其他各组(P0.05)。75%和100%试验组谷丙转氨酶和谷草转氨酶活性无显著差异(P0.05),但均显著低于其他各组(P0.05)。建议混合植物蛋白替代杂交鲟幼鱼饲料中鱼粉的比例不高于50%。 相似文献
6.
饲料糊精水平对暗纹东方鲀幼鱼生长、消化酶活性和血液生化指标的影响 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2
配制等蛋白质(42%),等脂肪(9%),糊精水平分别为10%、15%、20%、25%、30%的5组饲料,饲养暗纹东方鲀幼鱼[初始体质量为(10.25±0.51)g]60 d,考察饲料中不同糊精水平对其生长、消化酶活性和血液生化指标的影响。结果发现,随着饲料糊精水平的升高,暗纹东方鲀幼鱼的特定生长率和饲料效率先增加后降低,25%组最高,并显著高于10%和15%组。30%组鱼的脏体比和肝体比显著高于10%组,同时其肝脂肪含量也显著高于其他组。10%组的肝糖原和血浆总氨基酸含量显著低于其他组。10%和15%组鱼的肝胰脏和肠道中淀粉酶活性显著低于其他实验组,而其肝胰脏中胰蛋白酶活性显著高于30%组。25%和30%组的血浆总胆固醇和甘油三酯含量显著高于10%和15%组。10%和15%组的血浆尿素氮含量显著高于其他实验组。15%和20%组的血细胞数量显著高于其他实验组。30%组的细胞凋亡率及细胞内活性氧(ROS)和钙离子(Ca2+)含量显著高于其他实验组。饲料糊精水平对暗纹东方鲀幼鱼的血糖含量、血浆谷草转氨酶和谷丙转氨酶活性及肝胰脏和肠道中脂肪酶活性无显著影响。在本实验条件下,暗纹东方鲀幼鱼饲料中糊精的适宜水平为20%～25%。 相似文献
7.
低鱼粉饲料添加枯草芽孢杆菌对珍珠龙胆石斑鱼幼鱼生长、消化酶活性、抗氧化酶活性及其mRNA表达的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为探究低鱼粉饲料添加枯草芽孢杆菌对珍珠龙胆石斑鱼幼鱼生长、消化酶活性、抗氧化酶活性及其mRNA表达水平的影响,实验以720尾初始均重为(7.00±0.02) g的珍珠龙胆石斑鱼幼鱼为研究对象,分为8个处理,每个处理3个重复,设计1个正常鱼粉对照组(鱼粉含量35%),1个低鱼粉对照组(鱼粉含量15%)。投喂不同添加比例0(正常鱼粉对照组)、0(低鱼粉对照组)、0.10%、0.25%、0.50%、0.75%、1.00%和1.25%枯草芽孢杆菌的饲料,养殖期8周。结果显示,低鱼粉条件下,添加不同比例枯草芽孢杆菌对珍珠龙胆石斑鱼幼鱼的成活率无显著影响。增重率与特定生长率随添加量的变化呈先上升后下降趋势,但均显著高于低鱼粉对照组,低于正常鱼粉对照组;当添加0.75%枯草芽孢杆菌时,饲料系数最低,其他各组显著低于低鱼粉组,高于正常鱼粉组,而蛋白质效率的变化规律则与饲料系数相反。随枯草芽孢杆菌添加量的增加,肠蛋白酶、淀粉酶活性先升高后降低。血清过氧化氢酶和超氧化物歧化酶活性,在添加0.75%枯草芽孢杆菌的饲料组达到最大值。肝脏过氧化氢酶mRNA相对表达水平在添加量为0.50%达到最大值,谷胱甘肽还原酶mRNA表达水平在枯草芽孢杆菌添加量为0.75%时达到最大值。通过哈维氏弧菌攻毒实验7 d,珍珠龙胆石斑鱼存活率随枯草芽孢杆菌添加量的增加显著升高。以增重率为判断依据,根据折线模型得出,低鱼粉条件下(豆粕替代配方中20%鱼粉),饲料中添加0.63%枯草芽孢杆菌(1.0×108 cfu/mL)可显著促进珍珠龙胆石斑鱼幼鱼的生长,提高抗病力、消化酶、血清过氧化氢酶和超氧化物歧化酶活性及其mRNA表达水平。 相似文献
8.
以酪蛋白、明胶和鱼粉为蛋白源配制6组实验饲料,分别在饲料中添加0、75、150、300、600和1 200mg/kg的肌醇,每组设3个重复,连续投喂初始体质量(10.01±0.24)g的胭脂鱼(Myxocyprinus asiaticus)幼鱼8周,考察饲料中添加不同水平的肌醇对胭脂鱼幼鱼生长性能、全鱼以及肌肉营养成分和部分血清生化指标的影响,以确定胭脂鱼幼鱼饲料中肌醇的适宜添加量。结果显示:随着饲料中肌醇含量增加,胭脂鱼幼鱼增重率、成活率和特定生长率呈先上升后稳定的趋势,均在300 mg/kg组时达到稳定;饲料肌醇对全鱼体成分无显著性影响,肌肉脂肪含量在300 mg/kg组时显著低于未添加组;饲料中肌醇对血清总胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇和血清甘油三酯均有显著性影响;饲料中肌醇(150 mg/kg)不足时,血清中谷草转氨酶和谷丙转氨酶的活性显著高于其它实验组。以特定生长率为评价指标,经折线回归分析,饲料中补充310.3 mg/kg的肌醇时,胭脂鱼幼鱼获得最大生长。 相似文献
9.
《渔业科学进展》2016,(3)
为研究饲料中添加蛋氨酸寡肽(OMet)对大黄鱼(Larimichthys crocea)幼鱼生长、饲料利用和蛋白质代谢反应的影响,并与在饲料中添加等量的晶体蛋氨酸(CMet)的效果相比,实验以初始体重为(26.0±1.6)g的大黄鱼幼鱼为研究对象,以鱼粉和豆粕为主要蛋白源,设计1个低鱼粉(31.8%)对照饲料(LF)。在LF的基础上分别添加0.35%、0.65%和0.95%的晶体蛋氨酸或蛋氨酸寡肽,配制其他6组饲料,并分别命名为CMet 0.35、CMet 0.65、CMet 0.95、OMet 0.35、OMet 0.65和OMet 0.95,养殖周期为8周。结果显示,与LF组相比,OMet组和CMet组大黄鱼的增重率均显著升高,并随着蛋氨酸水平的增加而显著提高(P0.05),其中,OMet 0.95组的增重率最高。与CMet组相比,OMet组大黄鱼的增重率和蛋白质效率均显著提高(P0.05)。不同饲料处理对大黄鱼存活率、饲料系数、体组成(粗蛋白、粗脂肪、灰分和水分)、脏体比和肥满度没有显著影响(P0.05)。OMet组大黄鱼的肝体比较CMet组显著降低(P0.05)。饲料中添加晶体或蛋氨酸寡肽显著影响了大黄鱼幼鱼的肝脏谷丙转氨酶和谷草转氨酶活力,OMet组大黄鱼肝脏中这两种酶的活力均显著高于CMet组的(P0.05),蛋氨酸添加水平对大黄鱼肝脏谷草转氨酶活力也有显著影响(P0.05)。但各饲料处理组之间血清中的血氨浓度和尿素氮含量没有显著差异(P0.05)。综上所述,等量添加蛋氨酸寡肽比晶体蛋氨酸更能促进大黄鱼幼鱼的生长及其对饲料的利用。 相似文献
10.
本研究旨在评价核糖蛋白替代大菱鲆(Scophthalmus maximus)饲料中鱼粉的潜力。采用单因素实验设计,设6个鱼粉替代水平。对照饲料(D1)中鱼粉含量为45%,通过添加核糖蛋白替代D1组饲料中鱼粉的0.5%(D2)、1%(D3)、2%(D4)、3%(D5)和4%(D6)。实验期间,每天分2次按饱食量投喂初始体重为(24.00±0.30)g大菱鲆幼鱼56 d。结果显示,幼鱼增重率、特定生长率、蛋白质效率随着核糖蛋白替代水平的变化呈先上升后下降趋势,均在D3组达到最高值,显著高于D5和D6组(P<0.05);饲料系数则呈相反趋势,在D3组达到最低值,显著低于D6组(P<0.05)。各替代组幼鱼血清胰岛素生长因子(IGF-1)和生长激素(GH)含量均显著低于对照组(P<0.05);核糖蛋白替代1%~3%的鱼粉后,显著提高了幼鱼肠道胰蛋白酶活性(P<0.05);幼鱼肠道α-淀粉酶活性在D4和D5组显著高于对照组(P<0.05);饲料中添加核糖蛋白替代鱼粉显著降低了幼鱼肠道脂肪酶活性(P<0.05)。各替代组幼鱼血清总蛋白、球蛋白含量和碱性磷酸酶活性均显著高于对照组(P<0.05);D3组溶菌酶活性显著高于D6组(P<0.05);各组间幼鱼血清白蛋白含量和超氧化物歧化酶活性无显著差异(P>0.05),但各替代组均显著提高了幼鱼血清白介素β1(IL-1β)和肿瘤坏死因子(TNF-α)含量(P<0.05);与对照组相比,D4~D6组血清总胆固醇和甘油三酯含量显著降低(P<0.05),低密度脂蛋白在D5和D6组显著降低(P<0.05);高密度脂蛋白在D4组显著升高(P<0.05)。血糖浓度呈先升高后降低的趋势,D3组显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。攻毒实验结果显示,D2组大菱鲆幼鱼48 h累积死亡率最低为56.45%。研究表明,饲料中添加核糖蛋白替代1%鱼粉时,大菱鲆幼鱼生长、消化酶活力及鱼体的免疫能力和抗细菌感染能力均达到最高。 相似文献
11.
摘要：通过8周网箱实验评价了利用豆粕、菜粕和棉粕作为苏氏圆腹鱼芒 （Pangasius sutchi）饲料中鱼粉替代蛋白源的潜力。配制了7种等氮、等能饲料,其中基础饲料含45%鱼粉,按等量蛋白替代的原则,在其余6种饲料中分别添加31%和46%豆粕替代基础饲料中鱼粉的50%和75%,或添加20%和40%菜粕替代基础饲料中鱼粉的25%和50%,或添加19%和39%棉粕替代基础饲料中鱼粉的25%和50%。实验中所用的苏氏圆腹鱼芒初始体重为11.3 g。实验结果表明：添加豆粕将饲料中鱼粉含量从45%降低到23%,添加菜粕或棉粕将鱼粉含量降低到34%,对鱼成活率、摄食、鱼体增重、特定生长率（SGR）、饲料系数（FCR）、饲料蛋白储积率、脏体指数和红血细胞比积（Hct）未产生显著不良影响。添加豆粕将鱼粉含量降低到11%导致鱼摄食、鱼体增重和SGR下降,添加菜粕将鱼粉含量降低到23%导致FCR和鱼体能量储积率下降,添加棉粕将鱼粉含量降低到23%导致鱼体增重、SGR和Hct明显下降。上述结果显示,可通过添加豆粕（31%）将苏氏圆腹鱼芒 鱼种饲料中鱼粉含量降低到23%,或通过添加菜粕（20%）和棉粕（19%）将饲料中鱼粉含量降低到34%。 相似文献
12.
Yi‐Rong Yue Yong‐Jian Liu Li‐Xia Tian Lian Gan Hui‐Jun Yang Gui‐Ying Liang 《Aquaculture Research》2012,43(11):1687-1696
An 8‐week feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of replacing fish meal (FM) with soybean meal (SBM) and peanut meal (PM) on growth, feed utilization, body composition and haemolymph indexes of juvenile white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei, Boone. Five diets were formulated: a control diet (FM30) containing 30% fish meal and four other diets (FM20, FM15, FM10 and FM5) in which protein from fish meal was substituted by protein from SBM and PM. The dietary amino acids of diets FM20, FM15, FM10 and FM5 were equal to those of the diet FM30 by adding crystalline amino acids (lysine and methionine). Each diet was randomly assigned to triplicate groups of 30 shrimps (initial weight = 0.48 g), each three times daily. The results indicated that shrimp fed the diets FM15, FM10 and FM5 had poor growth performance and feed utilization compared with shrimp fed the control diet. No difference was observed in feed intake, survival and body composition among dietary treatments. The plasma total cholesterol level of shrimp and the digestibility of dry matter, protein and energy contained in the diets decreased significantly with increasing PM and SBM inclusion levels. Results of this study suggested that fish meal can be reduced from 300 to 200 g kg?1 when replaced by a mixture of SBM and PM. 相似文献
13.
Two consecutive feeding trials were conducted to determine the optimum dietary level of the cottonseed and soybean meal (CS) for replacement of fish meal (FM) in diets for juvenile and ongrowing parrot fish with or without iron and phytase. In experiment I, juvenile parrot fish (BW: 3.17 g) were fed one of six experimental diets for 12 weeks which were formulated to replace FM protein by equal proportion (1:1, w:w) of CS at 0, 10, 20, 30, 40, or 50% (designated as CS0, CS10, CS20, CS30, CS40, or CS50, respectively). In experiment II, ongrowing parrot fish (BW: 55 g) were fed one of five experimental diets for 9 weeks. The experimental diets were formulated to replace FM protein by CS at 0, 20, or 30% (designated as CS0, CS20, or CS30, respectively) and to include ferrous sulfate (0.1 and 0.2%) and phytase into the CS20 and CS30 diets (CS20 + Fe&P and CS30 +Fe&P, respectively). Results from the two feeding trials indicated that the CS could replace up to 20% FM protein in diets for juvenile parrot fish (3–22 g) and up to 30% in ongrowing (55–120 g) parrot fish. The supplemental effect of iron and phytase was not significant on growth performance. Total or each gossypol enantiomer concentration in the liver increased as the level of dietary cottonseed meal increased. However, gossypol in the liver of fish fed diets supplemented with iron was not detected. The dietary supplementation of CS significantly reduced the levels of plasma triacyglycerols and total cholesterol. The present study indicates that plant protein sources are better utilized in larger fish, and that up to approximately 30% FM protein could be replaced by CS with iron and phytase in the presence of supplemental lysine and methionine. 相似文献
14.
Using a fermented mixture of soybean meal and earthworm meal to replace fish meal in the diet of white shrimp,Penaeus vannamei (Boone) 
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下载免费PDF全文 Shieh‐Tsung Chiu Saou‐Lien Wong Ya‐Li Shiu Chiu‐Hsia Chiu Wang‐Chen Guei Chun‐Hung Liu 《Aquaculture Research》2016,47(11):3489-3500
An experiment was conducted to evaluate the potential of a Bacillus subtilis E20‐fermented mixture (FSFEM) containing soybean meal (SBM) and Eisenia fetida earthworm meal (EM) at a ratio of 4:1 to increase the methionine level in order to satisfy the methionine requirement of white shrimp, Penaeus vannamei in a diet with fish meal (FM) completely replaced by mixtures. B. subtilis E20 fermentation improved the mixture's palatability and utilization based on better growth performance in comparison to shrimp fed FSEM (contains fermented SBM and EM at a ratio of 4:1) diets. FSFEM is a good substitute for FM. Maximal replacement levels of FM with FSFEM were 80% in a shrimp diet with 37% of crude protein and 7% of crude lipid based on weight gain and 100% based on feeding efficiency. In addition, shrimp fed experimental diets had no significant differences in survival after being challenged by Vibrio alginolyticus. It is suggested that B. subtilis E20‐FSFEM has the potential to replace FM in cultured shrimp diets. 相似文献
15.
Zhi Yong Ju Ian P Forster Dong‐Fang Deng Warren G Dominy Scott Smiley Peter J Bechtel 《Aquaculture Research》2013,44(9):1438-1446
The objectives of this study were to investigate the nutritional value of skate meal and sablefish viscera meal from Alaskan fishery processing and to ascertain their suitability as replacements for pollock fishmeal in diets for Pacific threadfin (Polydactylus sexfilis). Test diets were made by replacing 50% or 100% protein from fish meal in the control diet with skate or sablefish viscera meal. The test diets and a commercial feed were each assigned to four tanks with eight juvenile fish (9.7 g) per tank in an indoor flow‐through culture system. After 6 weeks, Pacific threadfin fed skate meal‐50% and ‐100% substituted diets exhibited similar weight gains (374%; 369%) and feed conversion ratios (1.29; 1.27) as those fed the control diet (345%; 1.30 respectively) (P > 0.05). In contrast, Pacific threadfin fed the sablefish viscera meal‐50% substituted diet exhibited significantly lower weight gain (112%) than fish fed the control diets (P < 0.05). The fish fed the control diet and skate meal substituted diets also achieved significantly higher (P < 0.05) weight gain than those fed the commercial feed (288%). In conclusion, skate meal can fully replace the commercial fishmeal in a Pacific threadfin diet without adversely effecting growth performance. 相似文献
16.
The effect of dietary substitution of casein with fishmeal, soybean meal and crustacean meal on the growth of the abalone Haliotis discus hannai Ino was determined. A 350 g casein per kilogram diet was included into the CS diet. The whole casein was then substituted by: (1) 300 g fishmeal and 200 g soybean meal per kilogram diet (FS), (2) 200 g fishmeal, 200 g soybean meal and 130 g krill meal per kilogram diet (FSK), (3) 200 g fishmeal, 200 g soybean meal and 280 g red crab meal per kilogram diet (FSC) or (4) 200 g fishmeal, 200 g soybean meal and 130 g shrimp head meal per kilogram diet (FSS). In addition, a 50‐g by‐product of green tea per kilogram diet was included in the FS diet to form the FSG diet. Sea tangle (ST)diet was supplied to abalone as a control feed. Weight gain, final shell length and final shell width of abalone fed with the various substitution feeds (FS, FSK, FSC, FSS and FSG) were not different from those obtained with the CS diet. All the formulated feeds, however, produced higher weight gain and final shell width values than the ST diet. The results of this study show that casein can be replaced with a combination of fishmeal, soybean meal, krill meal, crab meal and/or shrimp head meal in the diet without a retardation of growth of abalone. 相似文献
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18.
Aquaculture of redclaw crayfish, Cherax quadricarinatus, is rapidly developing in tropical and sub‐tropical regions of the world. As the industry is still in its infancy, grow out diets are generally not formulated specifically for this species as there is limited data on nutrient requirements and the acceptability of various ingredients. Given the recent increases in the price of fish meal (FM), the use of alternative protein sources such as poultry by‐product meal (PBM) may be more cost effective. The present research evaluated the response of juvenile redclaw to practical diets utilizing PBM as a replacement for FM. Juvenile redclaw crayfish (0.45 g ± 0.01) were stocked into 24, 600‐L, outdoor round tanks at a density of 12.5 m?2. Tanks were supplied water from a watershed reservoir and maintained on a flow through regime. Crayfish in four replicate tanks were maintained on one of the six diets formulated to contain 260 g kg?1 crude protein and 70 g kg?1 crude fat which had previously demonstrated good growth under similar conditions. FM in the basal diets was replaced with PBM at various levels, on an iso‐nitrogenous basis, so that the diets contained 150, 120, 90, 60, 30 and 0 g FM kg?1 diet and 78, 105, 132, 158, 185 and 212 g PBM kg?1 diet, respectively. At the conclusion of the 56‐day growth trial, survival (>83%) and growth (>11.3 g or 2400%) of the crayfish were not significantly different among treatments. Based on these results, PBM appears to be a viable candidate as a replacement for FM in redclaw crayfish diets. 相似文献
19.
玉米蛋白粉替代鱼粉对大菱鲆摄食、生长及体组成的影响 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
以鱼粉和玉米蛋白粉作蛋白源,配制6种等氮等能的饲料。其中5种饲料(C0、C12、C25、C38和C50.5)分别含有0%、12%、25%、38%和50.5%的玉米蛋白粉以替代相应的鱼粉蛋白。其余1种饲料(C50.5CAA)是在饲料C50.5基础上补充1.8%晶体氨基酸混合物(L-lysine:1.2%,L-arg:0.6%)。经7周的生长试验,结果表明随着饲料中玉米蛋白粉替代水平的升高,大菱鲆(12.51±0.02)g的摄食率、特定生长率、饲料效率和蛋白质效率均显著下降。饲料中玉米蛋白粉含量为50.5%时,大菱鲆摄食率显著低于其他处理组(P<0.05)。当饲料中玉米蛋白粉含量超过25%时,大菱鲆特定生长率显著低于对照组(C0)(P<0.05)。当饲料中玉米蛋白粉含量超过38%时,饲料效率和蛋白质效率与对照组(C0)相比显著下降(P<0.05)。C50.5CAA组的摄食率、特定生长率和蛋白质效率与C50.5组相比都有升高的趋势,但差异不显著。而饲料中添加晶体氨基酸显著提高了大菱鲆的饲料效率(P<0.05)。饲料中玉米蛋白粉替代鱼粉对大菱鲆鱼体水分、粗蛋白、粗脂肪及灰分含量均无显著影响。饲料中玉米蛋白粉替代鱼粉对大菱鲆血清甘油三酯和尿素氮含量也不产生显著影响,然而,随着饲料中玉米蛋白粉含量升高,血清总胆固醇含量显著下降(P<0.05)。 相似文献
20.
An 8‐week experiment was conducted to examine the effect of partial replacement of fish meal (FM) by a mixture of soybean meal (SBM) and rapeseed meal (RM) in practical diets of juvenile Chinese mitten crab Eriocheir sinensis of initial body weight of 1.54±0.12 g (means±SD, n=90). Five isonitrogenous diets were formulated to contain 35% protein and 5% lipid. Soybean meal and RM mix (1:1 ratio) were included at five levels of 0 (control), 15%, 30%, 45% and 60%, replacing 0, 20%, 40%, 60% and 80% FM respectively. When FM was replaced by 15% of SBM and RM, crab showed the highest growth, feed utilization and moulting frequency (MF). Fish meal replaced by SBM and RM did not significantly influence crude protein, lipid and moisture contents of whole body crab, but ash content was the lowest for crab fed the diet with FM replaced by 15% of SBM and RM. Apparent digestibility coefficients (ADCs) of dry matter, crude protein and energy tended to decline with increasing inclusion levels of dietary SBM and RM. In general, ADCs of lipid were high (over 90%) and showed no significant differences among the treatments (P>0.05). Based on these observations above, these results indicated that about 40% of FM can be replaced with a mixture of SBM and RM (1:1 ratio) in the diet of E. sinensis without adverse growth performance, compared with the FM‐based diet. However, 20% of FM replaced by SBM and RM produced the best growth performance and feed utilization. 相似文献