共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 171 毫秒
1.
对虾工厂化养殖水环境基本特征研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用现场试验方法研究了工厂化养殖水环境基本特征,并与室外土池对虾养殖环境进行了对比分析。研究结果表明,对虾工厂化养殖水环境的基本特征为：水温、盐度和DO完全可以人为控制;pH和Chla在短时间内可以被人工调控,但无法在长时间尺度内控制其变化趋势和变化幅度;而氮、磷营养盐的浓度和变动则无法人工控制。与对虾室外土池养殖相比,工厂化养殖水体中水温、盐度和DO的变动较小,其平均值的差异非常显著;pH的变动较大,其平均值显著高于室外养殖池水体;Chla含量较高,与室外养殖相比无显著差异;水体中氮、磷营养盐含量均在较低的浓度范围内波动,而且其平均值在两种养殖模式下差异均不显著。其中,NO3-N是DIN的主要存在形式,NO3-N占DIN的平均比率为62.17%。另外,与室外养殖相似,对虾工厂化模式下NH4-N、NO2-N、NO3-N以及PO4-P浓度并不受养殖密度或DO含量的影响。 相似文献
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3.
大鹏澳海水鱼类网箱养殖对水环境的影响 总被引：9，自引：3，他引：9
根据2001~2002年对大亚湾大鹏澳海水鱼类网箱养殖海域水环境的监测资料,分析讨论了网箱养殖对水环境的影响。结果表明,该海域水环境质量较好,除夏季溶解氧(DO)和春季的硫化物浓度超第二类海水水质标准情况较严重外(超标率均为62.5%),其他水环境因子一般不超标。养殖区DO和叶绿素a(Chla)浓度均显著低于对照区(t-test,P<0.05),而NH4-N和PO4-P浓度则一般高于对照区,其他水环境因子的空间分布差异不大。海水CODMn、BOD5和硫化物主要与网箱养鱼生产季节性强的特点有关;而水温、盐度、透明度、悬浮物、DO和pH的季节变化主要受控于大亚湾亚热带季风气候,NO2-N、NO3-N、DIN、PO4-P和SiO4-Si等营养因子的季节变化主要受降雨和浮游植物的影响,Chla的季节变化则主要受水温和N:P比的影响,与网箱养鱼的关系并不明显。 相似文献
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通过对两个养鳗场的水源和养鳗池的水环境理化因子的周年监测 ,表明水源pH值、总碱度、S‰、COD、NO2 -N、NH3-N含量 ,地下水均较水库低且稳定 ,养殖池水中央水质劣于跑道 ,池塘水质优劣与养殖管理方法密切相关 相似文献
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为研究亚硝态氮(NO2–-N)慢性胁迫对凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)[(2.03±0.33) g]生长、摄食、体成分和糖代谢的影响,实验设置0 (对照组)、8 (N8组)、15 (N15组)和30 mg/L (N30组) NO2–-N浓度组,进行36 d的NO2–-N慢性胁迫实验。结果显示,随着NO2–-N浓度升高,对虾的终末体重、特定生长率、增重率和日摄食率均呈显著下降趋势。N8组和N15组对虾的血糖和肝胰腺中糖原含量在实验中期高于对照组,但最终均低于对照组,而肌肉中糖原含量在实验期间始终低于对照组。胁迫组凡纳滨对虾肌肉中的己糖激酶活力低于对照组;而肝胰腺己糖激酶活力和丙酮酸激酶活力均高于对照组,同时,肝胰腺乳酸含量与乳酸脱氢酶活力呈先上升后下降的趋势,最终与对照组相比无显著差异。终末体成分中,N30组的粗脂肪含量显著低于对照组。结果表明,NO2–-N慢性胁迫会降低对虾食欲,减缓凡纳滨对虾的生长,机体糖代谢调节可作为对虾应对NO2–-N慢性胁迫的短期响应,对虾对脂质的利用在应对NO2–-N慢性胁迫过程中起重要作用。 相似文献
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花津滩芽孢杆菌(Bacillus hwajinpoensis) SLWX2是1株从海水养殖环境分离的可高效去除水体中氨氮(NH4+-N)、亚硝酸氮(NO2–-N)和硝酸氮(NO3–-N)的菌株。本实验在添加葡萄糖条件下,研究NH4+-N、NO2–-N和NO3–-N作为唯一氮源和环境因子(温度、pH、C/N和盐度)对该菌株生长和脱氮性能的影响。结果显示,菌株对这3种形态氮的去除与其生长保持一致,主要发生在对数生长期;当NH4+-N作为唯一氮源时,生长和脱氮均没有延迟期,NH4+-N在去除过程中,没有NO2–-N和NO3–-N的积累;当NO2–-N作为唯一氮源时,生长和脱氮均有较长延迟期,在NO2–-N消除过程中,没有NH4+-N和NO3–-N的积累;当NO3–-N作为唯一氮源时,生长和脱氮也有较长延迟期,在NO3–-N消除过程中,基本检测不到NH4+-N,NO2–-N呈先上升后下降趋势。环境因子影响研究表明,环境因子对该菌株的生长和脱氮性能影响基本一致,在pH为6~8.5、温度为28~40℃、C/N为5~25、NaCl为0~30 g/L条件下,菌株展现了良好的生长特性和脱氮性能。其中,最佳条件中,温度为30℃,C/N为25,pH为8.0,盐度为25。该菌株可高效去除NH4+-N、NO2–-N和NO3–-N,对环境条件适应范围较广,在工业和养殖废水脱氮中具有较大的应用潜力。 相似文献
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为了评估浒苔(Ulva prolifera)对养殖废水的净化效果,本文研究了4个温度水平(22.5℃、25.5℃、28.5℃和31.5℃)和3种氮源(NH4Cl、NaNO2和NaNO3)下,浒苔对工厂化养殖水环境的适应能力及其净化效果。结果显示,96 h内4个温度处理组浒苔对总氨氮(TAN,包括NH4+-N和NH3)的平均吸收速率分别为14.65、14.88、14.48和13.53 μmol/(g?h),144 h内温度各处理组对亚硝态氮(NO2–-N)的平均吸收速率分别为11.28、10.48、9.11和8.38 μmol/(g?h),144 h内各温度处理组对硝态氮(NO3–-N)的平均吸收速率分别为9.41、8.62、8.80和7.35 μmol/(g?h);温度对浒苔的生长速率有极显著的影响(P<0.01),而氮源对浒苔的生长速率有显著影响(P<0.05);在相同氮源条件下,浒苔的生长速率随着温度的升高而逐渐降低;在相同温度条件下,氮源为氨氮(NH4+-N)时,浒苔的生长速率大于氮源为NO2–-N和NO3–-N的生长速率;温度和氮源对浒苔叶绿素a的含量影响不显著(P>0.05),氮源为NH4+-N和NO2–-N时,随着温度的升高,浒苔中叶绿素a的含量均有升高的趋势,而氮源为NO3–-N时,浒苔中叶绿素a的含量呈先降低再升高的趋势;温度和氮源对浒苔中类胡萝卜素的含量均有极显著影响(P<0.01)。随着温度的升高,各处理组浒苔中类胡萝卜素的含量均呈升高的趋势,其中,在28.5℃和31.5℃条件下,NO3–-N处理组浒苔类胡萝卜素的含量明显高于其他各处理组(P<0.05)。研究表明,温度在22.5℃~31.5℃范围内,浒苔可以有效吸收TAN、NO2–-N和NO3–-N等对虾工厂化养殖废水中的营养盐,浒苔对NH4+-N的吸收速率最大,但随着水温的升高,浒苔对NH4+-N、NO2–-N和NO3–-N的吸收速率均呈降低的趋势。 相似文献
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大鹏澳网箱养殖海域水质评价及因子分析 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
根据2001年6月至2002年6月对大鹏澳网箱养殖海域6个航次的水质监测数据,采用有机污染评价指数法对养殖区水质状况进行了评价,同时应用因子分析方法对T(水温)、DO、SS(悬浮物)、CoDMn、BOD5、NO2-N、NO3-N、NH3-N、TIN(总无机氮)、PO4-P等10个水质成分的监测数据进行了分析。结果表明,(1)2001年9月和2002年3月海水出现轻度污染,前者主要是由NO3-N、CoDMn和BoD5所引起,后者是由NH3-N、PO4-P引起的。(2)水质监测数据的总体方差主要来源于T、Do、SS、NO3-N及TIN等5个成分,其次是NO2-N、NH3-N、PO4-P,再次是CODMn和BOD5。(3)因子分析结果表明,各水质成分之间存在一定的相关关系。其中,T、Do、SS、NO3-N及TIN同时载荷于第1主因子上,说明此5个水质成分之间具有较好的相关性;NO2-N、NH3-N、PO4-P同时载荷于第2主因子上,则此3个水质成分之间的相关程性较好;CODMn和BOD5同时载荷于第3主因子上,二者之间具有较好的相关性。 相似文献
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多因子交互作用对菊花江蓠氮、磷吸收速率的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在单因子试验的基础上,从各因子的生长适宜区间内分别选取10个盐度梯度、10个光照梯度和10个温度梯度,以及10个NO3-N浓度梯度、10个NH4-N浓度梯度和10个PO4-P梯度,采用均匀设计方法,考察各因子及其交互作用对菊花江蓠N、P吸收速率的影响,通过回归分析得到:温度、光照与NO3-N、NH4-N间存在着很明显的交互作用关系,它们共同作用影响着海藻对NO3-N、NH4-N的吸收速率;对PO4-P的吸收速率,仅受到温度及PO4-P共同作用的影响;而对TIN及PO4-P的吸收却都受到N×P交互作用的影响。 相似文献
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枯草芽孢杆菌对水质及凡纳滨对虾幼体免疫指标影响的研究 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4
研究了不同浓度的枯草芽孢杆菌（Bacillus substilis）对养殖环境水质和凡纳滨对虾（Penaeus vannamei）幼体抗病力相关酶活性的影响。结果表明,枯草芽孢杆菌能显著（P〈0．05）降低化学需氧量（COD）和氨氮（NH3-N）含量,抑制亚硝酸氮（NO2-N）的产生;当枯草芽孢杆菌投放浓度为1．25×10^4cfu·mL^-1时,水体中COD、NH3-N和NO2-N含量均值比对照组分别降低了65．30％、59．70％和88．64％;20d后测定对虾的碱性磷酸酶（AKP）、过氧化物酶（POD）、酚氧化酶（PO）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、抗菌和溶菌活力,各值相对于对照组分别提高了3．67、1．64、0．45、3．06、2．57和1．14倍;成活率比对照组提高了10％,增重率是对照组的2．44倍。因此,一定浓度的枯草芽孢杆菌能改善凡纳滨对虾幼体的养殖水质进而提高凡纳滨对虾幼体的抗病力。 相似文献
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虾池浮游微藻与养殖水环境调控的研究概况 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
在对虾养殖过程中,虾池中的浮游微藻群落结构和对虾的健康养殖有着密切关系,一些有益微藻能调节水体溶氧量（DO）和酸碱度（pH）,吸收氨氮（NH4-N）和亚硝氮（NO2-N）等有害物质,有效地调控养殖环境。但一些能分泌毒素的微藻也会给对虾的健康生长带来危害。数量和生物量占微藻总量比例均较高的浮游微藻优势种对整个虾池微藻群落结构的稳定起着重要作用,主导着微藻群落的功能发挥。不同养殖模式、养殖季节、养殖地域以及养殖阶段虾池中浮游微藻的优势种类分布、多样性等群落特征有差异。浮游微藻群落中优势种的变动规律和虾池中各种环境因子的动态密切相关,环境因子的变动会影响浮游微藻群落结构的变动。文章综述了对虾养殖生产实践中浮游微藻群落结构和生态调控特征的研究概况,并对在养殖中构建优良微藻藻相的方法进行了探讨。 相似文献
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固定化微藻对养殖对虾细菌数量的影响 总被引：1，自引：2，他引：1
以固定化技术为基础,人工制成微藻藻珠,引入波吉卵囊藻(Oocystisborgeisnow)和微绿球藻(Nannochloropsis oculata)于凡纳对虾(Litopenaeusvannamei)养殖环境中,采用直接计数法研究了养殖水体、对虾肌肉、对虾肝胰脏中异养菌及弧菌的数量变化。结果表明,引入藻珠能抑制异养菌和弧菌的生长,并能改善水质。试验末期,试验1、2、3组水样中弧菌数量分别降低了95%、95%、81.7%,异养菌数量降低了72.3%、77.1%、95.6%。可见固定化微藻在一定程度上能改善虾池细菌生态系,有助于预防对虾疾病。 相似文献
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对虾海水高密度养殖后期水质因子的昼夜变化规律 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
2008年7月5～6日,对广东汕尾红海湾对虾养殖场养殖87～88d的海水高密度半封闭养殖虾池水质进行每4h监测分析,旨在了解养殖后期昼夜水质变化状况,为合理和即时调控养殖后期水质提供相关理论数据。结果显示,24h内水质指标除化学需氧量（COD）和无机氮（DIN）基本稳定外,其他因子均有较大波动。其中氨氮（NH4＋-N）在3：00达到高峰,5：00落至低谷,9：00又达到高峰;亚硝酸盐氮（NO2--N）的变化却相反,在3：00落至低谷,5：00达到高峰,9：00又落至低谷;pH和溶解氧（DO）均在5：00降至最低,13：00上升到最高。结果表明,3：00～9：00是虾池水质变动的关键时期,应留意水质变化,适时采取合理增氧措施并投洒相应水质调节剂以提高ρ（DO）,减少NH4＋-N和NO2--N产生及降低其毒性。 相似文献
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亚硝酸盐氮对方斑东风螺毒性的研究 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
用常规的生物毒性试验方法,分别在不同盐度和pH下进行了亚硝酸盐氮对壳高为0.5cm的方斑东风螺(Babyloniaareolata)的急性毒性试验。结果表明,盐度对亚硝酸盐氮的毒性有较大的影响,其24hLC50、48hLC50、72hLC50和96hLC50,在盐度28时均显著高于盐度18和23时,(P<0.05),盐度越高亚硝酸盐氮毒性越弱。其半致死浓度在pH8.5时显著高于pH6.5和7.5时,(P<0.05),较高pH值条件下亚硝酸盐氮的毒性较弱;pH为6.5和7.5时,其半致死浓度差异不显著(P>0.05),低的pH对亚硝酸盐氮毒性的影响不明显。 相似文献
15.
Alberto J. P. Nunes Hassan Sabry‐Neto Severino Oliveira‐Neto Lena Burri 《Journal of the World Aquaculture Society》2019,50(6):1048-1063
This study compared the feed preference and growth response of Litopenaeus vannamei to chemoattractants. A diet with 3% fishmeal was supplemented with either 3% salmon meal (POS), 3% soy protein concentrate (NEG), 3% krill meal (KRM), 3% squid meal (SQM), 3% shrimp head meal (SHM), 3% shrimp meal (SM), 3% squid liver meal (SLM), or 5% liquid sardine hydrolysate (SAH). Shrimp with a body weight (BW) of 0.99 ± 0.08 g were stocked at 100 animals/m2 in 56 tanks of 1 m3 and fed 10 times daily for 74 days. Feed preference was evaluated by feeding shrimp of 10.87 ± 1.82 g in excess twice a day for 10 days in two separate feeding trays allocated in 50 tanks of 0.5 m3. Survival reached 93.3 ± 5.80% and was unaffected by supplementation. Final BW was the highest for shrimp fed the KRM‐supplemented diet (11.97 ± 0.93 g), followed by POS (11.11 ± 0.77 g) and SQM (11.01 ± 1.17 g). Diets SHM, SM, SLM, and NEG showed a lower shrimp BW than POS, but were not statistically different among them. Shrimp fed the SAH diet achieved the lowest BW (10.06 ± 1.02 g). The highest gained yield was obtained with diets KRM and POS. No statistical difference was observed in shrimp yield among other diets. The lowest feed conversion ratio (FCR) was achieved with shrimp fed KRM (1.31 ± 0.05) when compared to diets SHM (1.47 ± 0.05), SAH (1.47 ± 0.07), and SLM (1.45 ± 0.17). Two‐by‐two comparisons indicated that shrimp preferred SHM and KRM, except when these were compared to SQM and SLM. No difference in feed preference was found between diets with SQM and SLM. SAH was the least preferred raw material in all comparisons. Results indicated that KRM acts as a powerful feeding effector and growth enhancer in fishmeal‐challenged diets for whiteleg shrimp. A dietary supplementation with 3% KRM is more effective than the same dose of any other chemoattractant evaluated. 相似文献
16.
《Journal Of Applied Aquaculture》2013,25(4):57-66
Abstract A feed manufacturing method involving the production of large pellets followed by crumbling to desired diet sizes was used to produce six shrimp diets to determine its effect on growth of three size classes of Pacific white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei. The six diets containing 45% protein were 0.7 mm crumble, 1.2 mm crumble, 1.7 mm crumble, 2.2 mm crumble, 2.6 mm crumble, and 3.0 mm pellet. These diets were fed to three size classes of shrimp subjected to a four-week growth trial under indoor laboratory conditions. Stocking density was 12 shrimp/aquarium for size class 1 (1.13iö.01 g), 9 shrimp/aquarium for size class 2 (7.31iö.06 g), and 6 shrimp/aquarium for size class 3 (13.12iö. 10 g). Shrimp were fed three times daily and were evaluated for live weight, growth rate, feed conversion ratio (FCR), and survival. Results for shrimp growth appeared to be affected by diet size and pellet water stability. The effects of diet size, however, were more evident on smaller sized shrimp. Weekly growth rates for class 1 and class 2 shrimp indicated significant responses (P < 0.05) to the effects of diet size, while the class 3 shrimp did not show any significant result. The growth rates for both class 1 and class 2 shrimp were lowest at the smallest diet size (0.7 mm crumble) but differed with respect to highest growth rates. The largest diet (3.0 mm pellets) yielded the highest growth rates for class 1 shrimp, while medium sized feed (2.2 mm crumble) produced the best growth for class 2 shrimp. This could be partly attributed to pellet water stability, which had a direct correlation to diet size (r = 0.97). Smaller diet sizes resulting from crumbling larger pellets tend to have lower water stability. The water stability decreased from 82.5% to 76.3% as the 3.0 mm pellets were reduced to 0.7 mm crumbles. Stress cracks are created during crumbling, and surface area to volume ratio are increased as larger particles are reduced to crumbles. These would make smaller diet particles more susceptible to disintegration and nutrient leaching. For class 3 shrimp, the largest pellets produced the highest growth rate. This high growth value, however, was not significantly different (P > 0.05) from growth results produced by the crumbled feed sizes. This observation suggests that diet sizes ranging from 0.7 mm crumble to 3.0 mm pellet could be used for a 13 g shrimp, although preference would be given to larger pellets due to higher growth performance and better pellet water stability. Results for shrimp live weights were similar to results obtained for weekly growth rates. FCR and survival of all shrimp sizes did not show any significant response from the effects of various diet sizes. However, larger shrimp were less efficient in their diet utilization than smaller shrimp. 相似文献
17.
Kiet T. Nguyen Timothy C.G. Fisher 《Aquaculture Economics & Management (Blackwell Science)》2013,17(4):325-343
This article investigates the efficiency of intensive, semi-intensive, and extensive shrimp farming practices as well as the difference between the upstream and downstream efficiency of shrimp farms in the Mekong River Delta (MRD), Vietnam. Our article is the first to compare the efficiency of the 3 shrimp practices and investigate the difference between the efficiency of downstream and upstream farms. The efficiency of shrimp farms is measured using group-frontier and meta-frontier analysis on a sample of 292 farms. The results show that, on average, shrimp farms are inefficient; extensive farms are more efficient than intensive and semi-intensive farms; and, controlling for key socio-economic factors, upstream farms are more efficient than downstream farms, suggesting that pollution from upstream farms may influence shrimp farm efficiency. The results give some direction for improvement and some evidence to shrimp farmers and policymakers in the MRD to take the pollution problem seriously and find solutions for more sustainable development. 相似文献
18.
对虾免疫机能研究概况 总被引：16，自引：0，他引：16
Shrimp farming is an important source of revenue and employment in many developing countries.However, infectious diseases have adversely affected the profitability of shrimp industry. For this reason, disease prevention is a priority and shrimp immunology has become a crucial research area of this field. In this paper, the current importance and problems of shrimp-culture were described and the research advances in shrimp immunological defence mechanisms were summarized. The immunological tools are powerful and useful to evaluate the health state of the shrimp. The immunologies of shrimp mainly consist of cellular immunity and humoral immunity. In regard to cellular parameters, they are composed of haemocyte count (THC), differential haemocyte count (DHC) and reactive oxygen intermediates (ROIs). The immunity ceils exert their defence functions through phagocytizing, enveloping, etc, and the changes of THC and DHC are related to health state of shrimp. The ROIs generated during post phagocytic event which maybe an important marker to evaluate the immunological capability and phenoloxidase activity have been considered as a potential marker which is relevant to the health of the shrimp too. Concerning humoral parameters, prophenoloxidase (ProPO) and phenoloxidase,antimicrobial peptides and proteins, hemagglutinin and plasma proteins were described. The determining methods of immunity parameters were discussed. The response of shrimp to pathogens such as bacteria, virus, etc. and environmental factors such as DO, pH, etc, were also reviewed. It is well-known that the immune responses induced by immunizing crustacean or shrimp are mainly the non-specific immune responses. The potential of immunological parameters, including the changes of THC and DHC, the production of ROIs, phenoloxidase (PO) activity, antibacterial activity of plasma, and so on, to appraise the healthy state of shrimp were partly discussed. The future directions for the evaluation of the immunological capability of shrimp were proposed. 相似文献
19.
为研究藤壶壳作为生物滤料应用于对虾养殖尾水处理的可行性,通过比较陶瓷环组、聚乙烯(PE)组、藤壶壳组和藤壶壳+PE组4个不同滤料组合的生物挂膜效果,初步评价藤壶壳作为生物滤料的应用价值;通过设定藤壶壳的不同填充率(滤料体积∶尾水体积),研究填充率对对虾塘养殖尾水处理效果的影响。结果显示:藤壶壳组挂膜成功时间较早,水处理效果好;藤壶壳不同填充率对水处理中悬浮物、氨氮(NH_4~+-N)、亚硝酸盐氮(NO_2~--N)的处理效果有显著影响,A、B、C、D各组悬浮物在6 h时的去除率分别达(68.7±4.3)%、(74.5±7.0)%、(80.9±4.2)%和(82.1±3.8)%,其中B、C、D组去除率显著高于A组(P0.05);4组的氨氮最终去除率都在92.1%以上,以0.1 mg/L为基准,A组氨氮降至此质量浓度以下需要时间5 d,B、C组4 d,D组3 d,降解速率为D组C组B组A组;4组的亚硝酸盐氮最终去除率都在98.0%以上,以0.1 mg/L为基准,A组的亚硝酸盐氮降至此质量浓度以下需要时间为6 d,B、C、D组需要5 d,降解速率为D组C组B组A组。研究表明:藤虎壳作为生物滤料应用于对虾养殖尾水处理,效果良好,且随着填充率的增大,处理效率增强;但考虑到经济成本和应用实际,建议藤壶壳填充率为2∶9。 相似文献