首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
相似文献
 共查询到17条相似文献，搜索用时 109 毫秒
1.
卵母细胞冷冻保存是胚胎生物技术(如体外受精、胞浆内单精子注射、体细胞克隆)的重要组成部分,对优良种畜和濒危动物种质资源保存,加速家畜品种改良进程都具有重要意义。与常规冷冻法相比,玻璃化冷冻具有操作简单、降温速率快、耗时短、冷冻效率高等优点,被越来越广泛地应用于家畜卵母细胞的冷冻保存。然而,与新鲜卵母细胞相比,玻璃化冷冻卵母细胞的受精率及发育能力仍不理想,这严重影响了玻璃化冷冻卵母细胞的应用潜力。玻璃化冷冻会引起卵母细胞Ca~(2+)浓度升高及钙振荡模式异常,导致其透明带硬化、受精信号紊乱等问题。综合前人研究进展,作者分析了玻璃化冷冻对胞内Ca~(2+)浓度、钙振荡模式的影响和作用机制,并指出胞外Ca~(2+)内流和胞内钙库Ca~(2+)释放是导致冷冻卵母细胞胞内Ca~(2+)浓度升高的主要原因,1,4,5-三磷酸肌醇(IP3)Ⅰ型受体分布异常和线粒体损伤可能是导致冷冻卵母细胞钙振荡模式异常的重要原因,以期为正向调控冷冻卵母细胞Ca~(2+)浓度及钙振荡模式提供技术参考,从而进一步提高玻璃化冷冻卵母细胞的受精和后续的发育能力。  相似文献   

2.
玻璃化冷冻会严重损伤哺乳动物卵母细胞的线粒体功能,进而极大地限制了其解冻后的发育能力。为此,本试验设置3个钌红（RR）处理组,即牛卵母细胞用含0.5、1、2 μmol／L RR的玻璃化冷冻液进行冷冻,解冻后放入含0.5、1、2 μmol／L RR的体外成熟液中继续培养0.5 h,同时,新鲜卵母细胞一部分不进行冷冻,一部分用不含RR的冷冻液进行玻璃化冷冻,分别作为新鲜对照组和玻璃化冷冻对照组,然后共检测5组牛卵母细胞线粒体Ca2+水平、ATP含量及孤雌激活后胚胎的发育能力,进而研究RR对玻璃化冷冻牛卵母细胞线粒体Ca2+水平的调控作用。结果显示：①玻璃化冷冻显著提高了牛卵母细胞中线粒体Ca2+水平（P＜0.05）,而2 μmol／L RR处理组线粒体Ca2+水平显著低于冷冻对照组（P＜0.05）,但与新鲜组相比无显著差异（P＞0.05）;②玻璃化冷冻显著降低了牛卵母细胞中ATP含量（P＜0.05）,2 μmol／L RR处理组卵母细胞中ATP含量显著高于冷冻对照组及0.5、1 μmol/L RR处理组（P＜0.05）;③玻璃化冷冻对照组卵裂率、囊胚率显著低于新鲜对照组（P＜0.05）,1 μmol／L处理组卵裂率、囊胚率与新鲜对照组相比无显著差异（P＞0.05）。综上所述,RR处理能显著抑制解冻后牛卵母细胞线粒体Ca2+流入,保护线粒体功能,提高其发育能力。本试验结果为正向调控玻璃化冷冻卵母细胞线粒体Ca2+水平,进而提高其发育能力,促进玻璃化冷冻卵母细胞的广泛应用提供了参考依据。  相似文献   

3.
哺乳动物的精子和卵母细胞由减数分裂产生，其遗传物质减半，功能高度特化。精卵结合后，染色体数恢复，获得发育的全能性，重启有丝分裂，开始个体的生长。受精时，精子引起卵母细胞内的钙离子（Ca2+）以一定的频率波动，称为钙振荡。Ca2+周期性的变化，驱动下游蛋白的活动，完成卵母细胞的激活。作者主要介绍了受精时钙振荡启动的机制，以及其持续时间、振幅、频率对哺乳动物卵母细胞正常受精的影响；同时，讨论了Ca2+在卵母细胞内外运输的通道和钙振荡发生和维持的机制；分析了钙振荡对卵母细胞的细胞周期恢复和母源mRNA翻译的调控作用和机制。目前，关于卵母细胞激活事件信号通路的研究已经取得了很大的进展，但每个单独事件所涉及的分子机制尚未完全确定。本综述探讨了哺乳动物受精时卵母细胞内钙信号研究的现状和未来研究的方向，为保障人类生殖健康和提高畜牧繁殖效率提供参考。  相似文献   

4.
维持细胞内钙离子(Ca2+)稳态对维护卵母细胞成熟及植入前胚胎正常发育至关重要。本实验旨在研究Ca2+水平变化对猪卵母细胞体外成熟发育的影响。收集的猪卵丘卵母细胞复合体(COCs)，随机分为3组，即对照组、100 nmol/L毒胡萝卜素(TG)组和100 nmol/L TG+300 nmol/L光溜海绵素C(XeC)组，体外培养，分别统计卵丘扩散情况、体外成熟率、胞内Ca2+水平，随后进行孤雌激活(PA)统计各组卵裂率、囊胚率及细胞总数。结果表明：添加XeC可显著改善由TG引起的猪卵丘细胞扩散不完全，卵母细胞体外成熟率、卵裂率和囊胚率降低，以及细胞数减少等现象，并显著降低由TG诱导的胞内Ca2+水平。综上，胞内Ca2+水平对猪卵母细胞体外成熟和早期胚胎发育具有重要的调控作用。  相似文献   

5.
旨在探究磷脂酶Cγ1（phospholipase Cgamma 1,PLCγ1）基因对绵羊早期胚胎体外发育的影响,为揭示PLCγ1基因在早期胚胎发育过程中的作用机制奠定基础。本研究选取包裹3层以上颗粒细胞的绵羊卵母细胞为试验材料,体外培养成熟后将其分为两组,利用显微注射技术将PLCγ1基因导入MⅡ期（减数第二次分裂中期）卵母细胞（n=127）中为试验组,以显微注射空载体pcDNA3.1-EGFP作为对照组（n=120）,经48 h后统计其卵裂率;并利用Ca2+探针Rhod 2-AM监测MⅡ卵母细胞和显微注射后16、48、72、96、120 h时各时期卵母细胞以及早期胚胎内Ca2+波动。结果显示,PLCγ1基因显微注射后卵母细胞被激活,卵裂率为（（19.67±0.2）%,P<0.01）,桑椹胚发育率为（（9.00±0.17）%,P<0.05）;PLCγ1基因注射后,卵母细胞和早期胚胎不同发育时期有Ca2+浓度变化,可观察发现Ca2+主要分布在胞质中且注射48 h时可达到峰值（P<0.01）。结果表明,PLCγ1基因可以引起绵羊卵母细胞发育过程中发生Ca2+振荡,启动其卵裂,并促使早期胚胎的继续发育。  相似文献   

6.
旨在探究dCas9-SunTag-DNMT3A编辑系统对玻璃化冷冻牛卵母细胞IVF囊胚中IGF2R基因甲基化水平及胚胎发育能力的影响,为冷冻卵母细胞/胚胎特定位点DNA甲基化的精确调控奠定基础。本研究将经过体外成熟的牛卵母细胞进行玻璃化冷冻,随后进行体外受精,将受精所得到的原核胚进行dCas9-SunTag-DNMT3A编辑系统的注射,统计并计算卵母细胞的发育情况;通过亚硫酸盐测序的方式检测IGF2R基因启动子的甲基化水平,并利用荧光定量PCR检测IGF2R及相关基因的表达水平。与冷冻组相比,注射不同浓度的dCas9-SunTag-DNMT3A编辑系统后,只有40 ng·μL-1组显著地提高了玻璃化冷冻卵母细胞IVF后的发育能力(P＜0.05),20和60 ng·μL-1组间差异不显著(P＞0.05),但40 ng·μL-1组发育效果仍然显著低于新鲜对照组(P＜0.05);对检测冷冻组、新鲜组、40 ng·μL-1组IGF2R基因启动子甲基化水平分析发现,40 ng·μL-1组水平与新鲜组相似,显著高于冷冻组(P＜0.05);荧光定量试验结果显示,40 ng·μL-1组IGF2R基因mRNA表达水平相较于冷冻组显著降低(P＜0.05),与新鲜组相似。注射40 ng·μL-1的dCas9-SunTag-DNMT3A甲基化编辑系统能够通过有效升高IGF2R基因启动子甲基化水平(P＜0.05)及显著降低其mRNA表达水平(P＜0.05),来正向调节玻璃化冷冻卵母细胞IVF胚胎的发育情况,提高胚胎发育能力,使得其卵裂率和囊胚率都得到显著提高(P＜0.05),同时促进胚胎发育相关基因的表达。  相似文献   

7.
水牛卵母细胞玻璃化冷冻保存   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
以水牛MII期的卵母细胞为材料,利用玻璃化冷冻液EDS33(16.5%EG+16.5%DMSO+sucrose)对水牛MII期的卵母细胞进行两步法(玻璃毛细管(GMP)和拉细的开口塑料细管(OPS))玻璃化冷冻保存,即卵母细胞首先放入预平衡液(7.5%EG+7.5%DMSO+sucrose)中平衡3 min,再移入玻璃化冷冻液中30 s后装管直接投入液氮.解冻是在蔗糖浓度逐渐降低的解冻液中进行的.解冻后存活的卵母细胞孤雌激活,通过囊胚发育率作为评定卵母细胞冷冻效果的指标.结果发现,GMP和OPS法冷冻保存的水牛卵母细胞解冻后的存活率(分别为96.80%和97.41%)与对照组卵母细胞的存活率(100%)3者之间差异均不显著(P>0.05).GMP法和OPS法冷冻的水牛卵母细胞激活后的胚胎分裂率和囊胚发育率2者均明显低于对照组(分别为30.58%和28.32% vs50.94%,10.81%和9.38% vs 29.63%,P<0.05),而这2种方法冷冻的水牛卵母细胞激活后的分裂率和囊胚发育率差异均不显著(P>0.05).这表明GMP和OPS玻璃化冷冻方法可以用于水牛卵母细胞的冷冻,并且玻璃化冷冻的卵母细胞能继续分裂并发育到囊胚.  相似文献   

8.
李波  邬婷婷  方志坚  李红  杨曌  林浩 《草地学报》2019,27(6):1786-1792
为了探究外源脱落酸（Abscisic acid,ABA）对混合苏打盐碱胁迫下紫花苜蓿（Medicago sativa L.）幼苗营养器官离子含量的影响,本试验以WL343HQ苜蓿种子为试验材料,对苜蓿幼苗进行150 mmol·L-1混合苏打盐碱胁迫和25,50,75和100 μmol·L-1ABA缓解处理,采用原子吸收法测定ABA缓解混合苏打盐碱胁迫下苜蓿幼苗根、茎和叶中钠（Na+）、钾（K+）、钙（Ca2+）和镁（Mg2+）离子含量的变化。结果表明：混合苏打盐碱胁迫导致苜蓿幼苗各器官的Na+,K+,Ca2+,Mg2+含量产生不同的变化;其中根中Na+和Ca2+含量增加,K+和Mg2+含量降低,茎中Na+,K+,Mg2+含量增加,Ca2+含量降低;叶中Na+和Mg2+含量增加,K+和Ca2+含量降低。经不同浓度的ABA处理的混合苏打盐碱胁迫后苜蓿幼苗各器官中,根中Na+含量、根和叶K+含量、根和叶Ca2+含量、根、茎和叶Mg2+含量均随ABA浓度增加而增加,茎和叶Na+含量随着ABA浓度的升高而下降,茎中K+和Ca2+含量随着ABA浓度的升高无明显变化。各器官中的Na+/K+,Na+/Ca2+和Na+/Mg2+比值均随着ABA浓度的升高而下降。可见,混合苏打盐碱胁迫影响苜蓿幼苗对Na+,K+,Ca2+,Mg2+在根、茎、叶营养器官的分布,与苜蓿幼苗的抗盐碱有一定的相关性。  相似文献   

9.
卵母细胞冷冻保存对于畜牧业生产和人类辅助生殖具有重要意义。随着玻璃化冷冻技术日趋成熟，其现已广泛应用于牛、羊等大家畜的卵母细胞冷冻保存。然而，猪卵母细胞的冷冻保存至今仍处于试验研究阶段，由于猪卵母细胞脂质含量高，对低温敏感，在玻璃化冷冻保存过程中极易受到冷冻保护剂毒性以及渗透胁迫、氧化应激等损伤，造成细胞骨架以及亚细胞器受损，最终导致细胞发育能力降低甚至死亡。近年来，人们在提高猪卵母细胞冷冻保存效率的研究中取得了突破性进展。本文简要介绍了卵母细胞冷冻保存的常见方法及作用机理，总结了猪卵母细胞在玻璃化冷冻过程中造成的细胞损伤类型及影响，概述了人们针对不同类型的冷冻损伤提出的解决方法和取得的成就，并对其应用前景进行展望，为今后提高猪卵母细胞的玻璃化冷冻效率提供新思路。  相似文献   

10.
卵母细胞玻璃化冷冻导致的胚胎发育阻滞与其DNA甲基化模式的异常密切相关。本研究以小鼠为模型,旨在探讨玻璃化冷冻对卵母细胞及其形成的早期胚胎中DNA甲基转移酶(DNMTs)表达模式的影响。采用免疫荧光染色结合激光共聚焦显微成像技术检测了DNMT1、DNMT3A和DNMT3B在新鲜和冷冻卵母细胞及其形成的各阶段早期胚胎中的表达与分布,结果表明:在卵母细胞及受精后的合子中冷冻组3种DNMTs的表达均出现了异常。采用实时定量PCR技术检测了新鲜和冷冻卵母细胞及其形成的囊胚中,Dnmt1、Dnmt3a和Dnmt3b的m RNA表达水平,显示在冷冻卵母细胞中3种Dnmts的表达水平均显著下降,至囊胚阶段Dnmt3b的表达水平仍然很低(P0.05)。研究结果表明卵母细胞玻璃化冷冻导致了小鼠早期胚胎发育过程中DNMTs表达模式的异常,这可能是DNA甲基化异常的重要原因之一。  相似文献   

11.
Recent improvements in cryopreservation of mammalian eggs enable the long-term preservation of female germ cells in several mammalian species. Nevertheless, cryopreservation of porcine oocytes is still considered as a challenge. Although the use of vitrification techniques result in reasonable survival rates, developmental competence of vitrified oocytes has been compromised. Alterations of zona characteristics, cytoskeleton, mitochondrial functions and antioxidant-defense ability caused by vitrification are among the most frequently observed malformations which may be responsible for the low developmental competence of cryopreserved porcine oocytes. Furthermore, in vitro maturation, fertilization and embryo culture technologies, which are indispensable for generating embryos from cryopreserved oocytes, generate high rates of abnormal fertilization (polyspermy) and additional stress in resultant embryos further compromising their developmental competence. As a result, embryo development of porcine cryopreserved oocytes is still at low level and to date no piglet has been produced from such oocytes. The aim of the present review is to summarize knowledge on viability and developmental competence of vitrified porcine oocytes and to give ideas for future perspectives for the improvement of porcine oocyte cryopreservation technology.  相似文献   

12.
Although much progress has been made in oocyte cryopreservation since 1971, live offspring have only been obtained in a few species and in rabbits. The aim of our study was to evaluate the effect of vitrification and slow freezing on the meiotic spindle, cortical granule (CG) distribution and their developmental competence. Oocytes were vitrified in 16.84% ethylene glycol, 12.86% formamide, 22.3% dimethyl sulphoxide, 7% PVP and 1% of synthetic ice blockers using Cryotop as device or slow freezing in 1.5 m PROH and 0.2 m sucrose in 0.25 ml sterile French mini straws. Meiotic spindle and CG distribution were assessed using a confocal laser-scanning microscope. To determine oocyte competence, in vitro development of oocytes from each cryopreservation procedure was assessed using parthenogenesis activation. Our data showed that oocytes were significantly affected by both cryopreservation procedures. In particular, meiotic spindle organization was dramatically altered after cryopreservation. Oocytes with peripheral CG distribution have a better chance of survival in cryopreservation after slow-freezing procedures compared to vitrification. In addition, slow freezing of oocytes led to higher cleavage and blastocyst rates compared to vitrification. Our data showed that, in rabbits, structural alterations are more evident in vitrified oocytes than in slow-frozen oocytes, probably as a consequence of sensitivity to high levels of cryoprotectants. Slow-freezing method is currently the recommended option for rabbit oocyte cryopreservation.  相似文献   

13.
Despite the numerous potential applications of oocyte cryopreservation, the poor success rate has limited its practical applications. In livestock, particularly in ovine, the oocytes have low developmental competence following vitrification/warming process. Considering the occurrence of osmotic and oxidative stresses during the vitrification/warming process, the application of antioxidants and osmolytes may improve the developmental competence of vitrified/warmed oocytes. In the present study, we aimed to evaluate the effects of the addition of ascorbic acid (AA) and N‐acetyl cysteine (NAC) as antioxidants and glycine as an organic osmolyte either to the vitrification/warming solutions (VWS) or to the IVM medium on the developmental competence of vitrified/warmed ovine germinal vesicle stage oocytes. The survival rate in the vitrified groups was significantly lower than fresh ones. In vitrified/warmed oocytes, there was no significant difference in survival rate between supplemented and non‐supplemented groups. The addition of AA and/or NAC to the VWS or IVM medium and adding glycine to the IVM medium reduced the proportion of apoptotic oocytes and fragmented embryos, which was reflected as an increase in the proportions of metaphase II stage oocytes and blastocyst production. The best result was achieved by supplementing the IVM medium with NAC. In our study condition, antioxidants and glycine could improve the developmental competence of vitrified/warmed ovine immature oocytes, especially when added during IVM.  相似文献   

14.
The immature cat oocyte contains a large-sized germinal vesicle (GV) with decondensed chromatin that is highly susceptible to cryo-damage. The aim of the study was to explore an alternative to conventional cryopreservation by examining the influence of GV chromatin compaction using resveratrol (Res) exposure (a histone deacetylase enhancer) on oocyte survival during vitrification. In Experiment 1, denuded oocytes were exposed to 0, 0.5, 1.0 or 1.5 mmol/l Res for 1.5 h and then evaluated for chromatin structure or cultured to assess oocyte meiotic and developmental competence in vitro . Exposure to 1.0 or 1.5 mmol/l Res induced complete GV chromatin deacetylation and the most significant compaction. Compared to other treatments, the 1.5 mmol/l Res concentration compromised the oocyte ability to achieve metaphase II (MII) or to form a blastocyst. In Experiment 2, denuded oocytes were exposed to Res as in Experiment 1 and cultured in vitro either directly (fresh) or after vitrification. Both oocyte types then were assessed for meiotic competence, fertilizability and ability to form embryos. Vitrification exerted an overall negative influence on oocyte meiotic and developmental competence. However, ability to reach MII, achieve early first cleavage, and develop to an advanced embryo stage (8–16 cells) was improved in vitrified oocytes previously exposed to 1.0 mmol/l Res compared to all counterpart treatments. In summary, results reveal that transient epigenetic modifications associated with GV chromatin compaction induced by Res is fully reversible and beneficial to oocyte survival during vitrification. This approach has allowed the production of the first cat embryos from vitrified immature oocytes.  相似文献   

15.
Unfertilized oocytes are one of the most desired germ cell stages for cryopreservation because these cryopreserved oocytes can be used for assisted reproductive technologies, including in vitro fertilization (IVF) and intracytoplasmic sperm injection. However, in general, the fertility and developmental ability of cryopreserved oocytes are still low. The aim of the present study was to improve vitrification of mouse oocytes. First, the effects of calcium and cryoprotectants, dimethyl sulfoxide and ethylene glycol (EG), in vitrification medium on survival and developmental ability of vitrified oocytes were evaluated. Oocytes were vitrified by a minimal volume cooling procedure using different cryoprotectants. Most of the vitrified oocytes were morphologically normal after warming, but their fertility and development were low independently of calcium and cryoprotectants. Second, the effect of cumulus cells on ability of oocytes to be fertilized and develop in vitro was examined. The fertility and developmental ability of denuded oocytes (DOs) after IVF were reduced compared with cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs) both in fresh and cryopreserved groups. Vitrified COCs showed significantly (P<0.05) higher fertility and ability to develop to the 2-cell and blastocyst stages than those of vitrified DOs with cumulus cells and vitrified DOs alone. The vitrified COCs developed to term at a high success rate equivalent to the rate obtained with IVF using fresh COCs. Taken together, the current results clearly demonstrate that, in the presence of surrounding cumulus cells, matured mouse oocytes vitrified using calcium-free media and EG retain their developmental competence. These findings will contribute to improve oocyte vitrification in not only experimental animals but also clinical application for human infertility.  相似文献   

16.
We tested the effects of resveratrol both as a pre‐treatment and as a recovery treatment after warming during in vitro maturation (IVM) on the viability and developmental competence of porcine oocytes vitrified at the germinal vesicle stage. Pre‐treatment before vitrification of oocytes for 3 hr with 2 μM resveratrol did not affect survival, oocyte maturation and embryo developmental competence to the blastocyst stage after parthenogenetic activation. However, supplementation of the medium with resveratrol during subsequent IVM after vitrification and warming significantly improved the ability of surviving oocytes to develop to the blastocyst stage, and this effect was observed only on vitrified, but not on non‐vitrified oocytes. The intracellular levels of glutathione and hydrogen peroxide in oocytes were not affected by vitrification and resveratrol treatment. Also, there was no significant difference in the occurrence of apoptosis measured by annexin V binding between vitrified and non‐vitrified oocytes, regardless of the resveratrol treatment. In conclusion, resveratrol did not prevent the cellular damages in immature porcine oocytes during vitrification; however, when added to the IVM medium, it specifically improved the developmental competence of vitrified oocytes. Further research will be necessary to clarify the mechanisms of action of resveratrol on the recovery of vitrified oocytes from vitrification‐related damages.  相似文献   

17.
Improving pregnancy rates associated with the use of cryopreserved human oocytes would be an important advance in human assisted reproductive technology (ART). Vitrification allows glasslike solidification of a solution without ice crystal formation in the living cells. We have attempted to improve the survival rates of oocytes by a vitrification technique using bovine models. In vitro matured oocytes with or without cumulus cells were vitrified with either 15.0% (v/v) ethylene glycol (EG) + 15% (v/v) dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) + 0.5 M sucrose or 15% (v/v) EG + 15% (v/v) 1,2-propanediol (PROH) + 0.5 M sucrose, using 'Cryotop' or 'thin plastic sticker', respectively. The oocyte survival rates after vitrifying-warming, and the capacity for fertilization and embryonic development were examined in vitro. The rate of embryonic development to blastocyst was significantly higher (P<0.05) in the oocytes vitrified with 15% (v/v) EG + 15% (v/v) PROH + 0.5 M sucrose than in the oocytes vitrified with 15% (v/v) EG + 15% (v/v) DMSO + 0.5 M sucrose (7.4% +/- 4.1 vs. 1.7% +/- 3.0, respectively). Oocytes vitrified without cumulus cells had a higher survival rate after thawing and a superior embryonic developmental capacity compared with oocytes vitrified with cumulus cells. Prolonged pre-incubation time after thawing adversely affected the rates of embryonic cleavage and development. These results indicate that in vitro matured bovine oocytes can be vitrified successfully with the mixture of the cryoprotectants, EG + PROH, the absence of cumulus cells for vitrification does not affect oocyte survival rate after warming, and vitrified and warmed oocytes do not require pre-incubation before in vitro fertilization.  相似文献   

设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号