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1.
A progeny testing system to measure beef carcase merit, the Abtech Test, has been developed. Nine carcase characteristics are measured objectively at a slaughter age of 300 days on the carcases of 12 steer progeny per sire. Five carcase characteristics were used to quantify the carcase, namely, carcase composition as submitted, carcase composition (adjusted to 20% total carcase fat), estimated lean meat yield (adjusted to 20% total carcase fat), muscle-bone ratio (adjusted to a common muscle plus bone weight), and eye muscle volume index (adjusted for total carcase muscle weight). Four carcase measurements used to describe quality were evaluated: eye muscle area at the 10th rib (adjusted for total carcase muscle weight), marbling of the eye muscle at the 10th rib (chemically determined and adjusted to 20% total carcase fat), muscle texture at the 10th rib (mean muscle bundle diameter) and fat colour (determined on intermuscular fat at the 10th rib under standard conditions).
It is proposed that this testing system could be used for the genetic improvement of beef carcases.  相似文献   

2.
Video image analysis (VIA) images from grain-finished beef carcasses [n = 211; of which 63 did not receive zilpaterol hydrochloride (ZIL) and 148 received ZIL before harvest] were analyzed for indicators of muscle and fat to illustrate the ability to improve methodology to predict saleable meat yield of cattle fed and not fed ZIL. Carcasses were processed in large commercial beef processing facilities and were fabricated into standard subprimals, fat, and bone. Images taken by VIA technology were evaluated using computer image analysis software to quantify fat and lean parameters which were subsequently used in multiple-linear regression models to predict percentage of saleable meat yield for each carcass. Prediction models included variables currently quantified by VIA technology such as LM area (LMA), subcutaneous (SC) fat thickness at 75% the length of the LM (SFT75), and intramuscular fat score (IMF). Additional distance and area measures included LM width (LW), LM depth (LD), iliocostalis muscle area (IA), SC fat thickness at 25, 50, and 100% the length of the LM (SFT25, SFT50, SFT100), SC fat area from 25 to 100% the length of the LM (SCFA), and SC fat area adjacent to the 75% length of the LM from the spinous processes (SCFA75). Multiple ratio and product variables were also created from distance and area measures. For carcasses in this investigation, a 6 variable equation (Adj. R(2) = 0.62, MSE = 0.022) was calculated which included coefficients for ZIL treatment, SCFA75, LW, SCFA, SCFA/HCW, and SFT100/HCW. Use of parameters in the U.S. (Adj. R(2) = 0.39, MSE = 0.028) and Canadian [Adj. R(2) = 0.10, root mean square error (MSE) = 0.034] yield grade equations lack the predictability of the newly adapted equations developed for ZIL-fed and non-ZIL-fed cattle. Prediction equations developed in this study indicate that the use of VIA technology to quantify measurements taken at the 12th/13th rib separation could be used to predict saleable meat yield more accurately than those currently in use by U.S. and Canadian grading systems. Improvement in saleable meat yield prediction has the potential to decrease boxed beef variability via more homogeneous classification of carcass fabrication yield.  相似文献   

3.
肉用西门塔尔牛与和牛杂交群体的肉品质分析   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
本研究旨在对肉用西门塔尔牛与杂交和牛两试验群体进行肉质性状比较,以期为肉品质性状遗传机制剖析及优质肉牛培育提供理论指导。收集肉用西门塔尔牛与杂交和牛两试验群体肉质性状表型数据,包括眼肌面积、剪切力、系水力、pH、肉色、脂肪颜色和大理石花纹等指标,进行相关性及差异性分析,从而综合评价两群体的肉品质。结果显示,两群体的脂肪颜色、系水力及剪切力呈现两两正相关;肉色与脂肪颜色、pH呈正相关,且肉色与pH呈显著相关（P < 0.05）,而系水力与pH、肉色和大理石花纹呈负相关。在两试验群体间,和牛杂交群体的大理石花纹、眼肌面积、pH性状表现为极显著优于肉用西门塔尔牛（P < 0.01）。从性别比较来看,肉用西门塔尔牛母牛在大理石花纹、pH、剪切力等性状上极显著或显著优于公牛（P < 0.01;P < 0.05）;而和牛杂交群体母牛的肉色和剪切力性状表现为显著或极显著高于公牛（P < 0.05;P < 0.01）。总体而言,和牛杂交群体的肉质性能优于肉用西门塔尔牛;群体内比较表明,肉用西门塔尔牛群体母牛肉质性能优于公牛,而和牛杂交群体母牛肉质性能低于公牛。  相似文献   

4.
The bovine growth hormone gene (bGH) possesses three haplotypes, A, B and C, that differ by amino acid mutations at positions 127 and 172 in the fifth exon: (leucine 127, threonine 172), (valine 127, threonine 172) and (valine 127, methionine 172) respectively. The correlation between meat quality or carcass weight and these haplotypes was investigated in Japanese black cattle. Altogether, 940 bGH haplotypes were compared with respect to six carcass traits: carcass weight, longissimus muscle area, rib thickness, subcutaneous fat thickness, beef marbling score and beef colour. The frequency of the B haplotype was higher (0.421) than that of A (0.269) and C (0.311). High carcass weight and low beef marbling were associated with haplotype A (p < 0.05 and p < 0.01 respectively), whereas beef marbling was increased by haplotype C (p < 0.05). Estimated regression coefficient of the A haplotype substitution effect for carcass weight and beef marbling score were 5.55 (13.1% of the phenotypic SD) and -0.31 (17.0%) respectively. That of the C haplotype for beef marbling score was 0.20 (11.0%). The other traits showed no relationship to the haplotypes examined. The results of this investigation suggest that information pertaining to bGH polymorphisms in Japanese black cattle could be used to improve the selection of meat traits.  相似文献   

5.
７头商品鲁西牛胴体第１１肋后缘截面的客观测量值及相应的其它屠宰数据应用ＳＡＳ软件对胴体产肉率进行了回归分析,结果表明半胴体重、皮下脂肪厚、背眼肌面积、腔脂％组建的四元方程对后腿分割肉产率的预测力最大,其次是后躯分割肉产率、全部可食肉产率、主要分割肉产率对全部分割肉产率的预测力最小。眼肌面积是主要分割肉产率最重要的独立预测指标;腔脂％对全部分割肉产率、全部可食肉产率、后躯分割肉产率单独的预测作用最大  相似文献   

6.
实验旨在了解安格斯牛、利木赞牛和西门塔尔牛与务川黑牛杂交一代的产肉性能和肉品质。随机选取24月龄安务F1、利务F1、西务F1和务川黑牛公牛各3头,测定其屠宰性能和肉品质指标。结果表明:3种牛对务川黑牛杂交改良效果显著(P<0.05),屠宰率、肉骨比以利务F1牛最高,胴体重、净肉重、净肉率以安务F1牛最高,眼肌面积以西务F1牛最高;利务F1牛的熟肉率最高,安务F1牛的剪切力最低,肉色L45min、a45min、b45min值以西务F1牛色泽最亮,安务F1牛肉粗脂肪含量显著低于务川黑牛,利务F1牛肉与务川黑牛肉大理石纹都为3级,安务F1和西务F1牛肉大理石纹则为2级;系水力、滴水损失、水分、蛋白质、pH在不同杂交组合之间差异不显著。综合产肉性能和肉品质考虑,建议选择利木赞牛和安格斯牛作为务川黑牛杂交改良的父本进行推广。  相似文献   

7.
Genetic parameters for carcass traits of 1774 field progeny (1281 steers and 493 heifers), and their genetic relationships with feed efficiency traits of their sire population (740 bulls) were estimated with REML. Feed efficiency traits included feed conversion ratio (FCR) and residual feed intake (RFI). RFI was calculated by the residual of phenotypic (RFIphe) and genetic (RFIgen) regression from the multivariate analysis of feed intake on metabolic weight and daily gain. Progeny traits were carcass weight (CWT), rib eye area (REA), rib thickness (RBT), subcutaneous fat, yield estimate (YEM), marbling score (MSR), meat quality grade, meat color, fat color, meat firmness and meat texture. The estimated heritability for CWT (0.70) was high and heritabilities for all the other traits were moderate (ranged from 0.32 to 0.47), except for meat and fat color and meat texture which were low (ranged from 0.02 to 0.25). The high genetic correlation (0.62) between YEM and MSR suggests that simultaneous improvement of high carcass yield and beef marbling is possible. Estimated genetic correlations of RFI (RFIphe and RFIgen) of sires with CWT (− 0.60 and − 0.53) and MSR (− 0.62 and − 0.50) of their progeny were favorably negative indicating that the selection against RFI of sires may have contributed to produce heavier carcass and increase in beef marbling. The correlated responses in CWT, REA and RBT of progeny were higher to selection against RFI than those to selection against FCR of sires. This study provides evidence that selection against RFI is preferred over selection against FCR in sire population for getting better correlated responses in carcass traits of their progeny.  相似文献   

8.
Heritabilities of and genetic correlations between additive direct and maternal genetic effects for calf market weight, and additive direct genetic effects for carcass traits, were estimated for Japanese Black cattle by REML procedures under 2-trait animal models. Data were collected from calf and carcass markets in Hyogo and Tottori prefectures and analyzed separately by prefecture. Calf market weight was measured on 42,745 and 23,566 calves in Hyogo and Tottori, respectively. Only the fattening animals with calf market weight were extracted from the carcass database and used for estimation. The carcass traits analyzed were carcass weight, ribeye area, rib thickness, subcutaneous fat thickness, yield estimate, beef marbling score, and 4 meat characters (color, brightness, firmness, and texture). Direct and maternal heritabilities for calf market weight were estimated to be 0.22 and 0.07 in Hyogo, and 0.37 and 0.15 in Tottori, respectively. The estimates of heritabilities for carcass traits were moderate to high in both prefectures. The estimates of direct-maternal genetic correlations for calf market weight were positive (0.17) in Hyogo and negative (-0.63) in Tottori. The direct effect for calf market weight was positively correlated with the direct effect for carcass weight (0.87 and 0.56 in Hyogo and Tottori, respectively) but negatively correlated with the direct effect for beef marbling score (-0.10 in both prefectures). The estimates of genetic correlations between the maternal effect for calf market weight and the direct effects for carcass traits varied from -0.13 to 0.34 in Hyogo and from -0.14 to 0.15 in Tottori. Because direct and maternal genetic effects for early growth traits can be evaluated from calf market weight data in the production system of Japanese Black cattle, this information should be incorporated into selection and mating schemes of the breed.  相似文献   

9.
To assess the effects of slaughter weight and sex on APGS (Animal Products Grading Service) quality and APGS yield grade of Korean Hanwoo (n = 20,881) cattle, data were collected from cow, bull, and steer carcasses during a 1-yr period. Factors used to determine quality grade (marbling, meat color, fat color, texture, and overall maturity score) and yield grade (cold carcass weight, adjusted fat thickness, and longissimus muscle area) by the Korean grading system were recorded. Both yield and quality grades were improved (P < 0.01) with heavier slaughter weight, but there was no difference in yield grade for Hanwoo cattle classes heavier than 551 kg (P > 0.01). Longissimus muscle area, adjusted fat thickness, and marbling score increased (P < 0.01) with carcass weight. Bull carcasses showed higher yield but lower quality than those of cows or steers (P < 0.01). The quality grade of steer carcasses was higher (P < 0.01) than that of cow carcasses due to higher marbling scores, lower maturity scores, and heavier carcass weights. Hanwoo carcasses with larger longissimus muscle areas in relation to their carcass weight had lower APGS quality grades. The APGS quality grades were different between yield grade A and B carcasses (P < 0.01), but quality grade was not improved by increased fat thickness beyond the point of yield grade B. Adjusted fat thickness and marbling score showed significant (P < 0.01) differences among all yield grade classes, and this resulted in increased quality grade as yield grade decreased. Adjusted fat thickness showed the strongest correlation (r = -0.63) with yield grade, whereas marbling score had the strongest correlation (r = 0.81) with quality grade. Results showed a negative effect of castration on yield but a positive effect on quality. Also, data showed that Hanwoo carcasses with heavier weights had higher quality grades than those of lighter weight.  相似文献   

10.
Gene expression patterns during intramuscular fat development in cattle   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
  相似文献   

11.
Marbling, defined by the amount and distribution of intramuscular fat, is an economically important trait of beef cattle in Japan. The c2‐11#2 expressed sequence tag (EST) has been previously shown to possess expression difference in musculus longissimus muscle between low‐marbled and high‐marbled steer groups, and to be located within genomic region of a quantitative trait locus for marbling. Thus, the ribosomal protein L27a (RPL27A) gene containing the c2‐11#2 EST sequence was considered as a positional candidate for the gene responsible for marbling. In the present study, a single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the promoter region of the RPL27A, referred to as g.3109537C>T, was detected between the 2 steer groups. The SNP was associated with the predicted breeding value for beef marbling standard number by the analyses using Japanese Black beef cattle population. The effect of genotypes of the SNP on the predicted breeding value for subcutaneous fat thickness was not statistically significant. These findings suggest that the RPL27A SNP may be useful for effective marker‐assisted selection to increase the levels of marbling in Japanese Black beef cattle.  相似文献   

12.
The breeding program for beef cattle in Japan has changed dramatically over 4 decades. Visual judging was done initially, but progeny testing in test stations began in 1968. In the 1980s, the genetic evaluation program using field records, so-called on-farm progeny testing, was first adopted in Oita, Hyogo, and Kumamoto prefectures. In this study, genetic trends for carcass traits in these 3 Wagyu populations were estimated, and genetic gains per year were compared among the 3 different beef cattle breeding programs. The field carcass records used were collected between 1988 and 2003. The traits analyzed were carcass weight, LM area, rib thickness, s.c. fat thickness, and beef marbling standard number. The average breeding values of reproducing dams born the same year were used to estimate the genetic trends for the carcass traits. For comparison of the 3 breeding programs, birth years of the dams were divided into 3 periods reflecting each program. Positive genetic trends for beef marbling standard number were clearly shown in all populations. The genetic gains per year for all carcass traits were significantly enhanced by adopting the on-farm progeny testing program. These results indicate that the on-farm progeny testing program with BLUP is a very powerful approach for genetic improvement of carcass traits in Japanese Wagyu beef cattle.  相似文献   

13.
Partial carcass dissection data from 1,031 finished crossbred beef steers were used to calculate heritabilities and genetic correlations among subcutaneous, intermuscular, and body cavity fat percentage and marbling score adjusted to slaughter age-, HCW-, fat depth-, and marbling score-constant endpoints. Genetic correlations were also calculated among these fat partitions with live growth and ultrasound traits evaluated in yearling beef bulls (n = 2,172) and steer carcass measurements. Heritabilities of the different fat partitions ranged from 0.22 (marbling score-constant body cavity fat) to 0.46 (HCW-constant marbling score). Genetic correlations between subcutaneous fat and intermuscular fat (rg = 0.16 to 0.32) and between intermuscular fat and body cavity fat (rg = 0.38 to 0.50) were more highly associated than subcutaneous fat and body cavity fat (rg = -0.08 to 0.05), indicating that fat depots are not under identical genetic control. Adjusting fat depots to different end points affected the magnitude but usually not the sign of the genetic correlations. Bull postweaning gain was associated with intermuscular (-0.24 to -0.35), body cavity (-0.24 to -0.29), and marbling fat (-0.24 to -0.39) in steers. Bull hip height was associated with body cavity (-0.20 to -0.29) and marbling fat (-0.20 to -0.47) in steers. Bull ultrasound fat depth was associated with subcutaneous (0.11 to 0.29), intermuscular (0.05 to 0.36), body cavity (0.27 to 0.49), and marbling fat (0.27 to 0.73) in steers. Bull ultrasound intramuscular fat percentage was associated with subcutaneous (-0.22 to -0.44) and intermuscular fat (-0.06 to 0.31) in steers. Bull ultrasound LM area was associated with body cavity (-0.25 to -0.31) and marbling fat (-0.25 to -0.30) in steers. Ultrasound LM width measurements were negatively correlated with subcutaneous fat (rg = -0.09 to -0.18), intermuscular fat (rg = -0.53 to -0.61), body cavity fat (rg = -0.63 to -0.69), and marbling score (rg = -0.75 to -0.87) at slaughter age-, HCW-, and fat depth-constant endpoints; correlations were generally lower at a marbling score-constant end point (rg = 0.07 to -0.49). Ultrasound indicator traits measured in seedstock may be useful in altering fat partitioning in commercial beef carcasses.  相似文献   

14.
[目的]通过屠宰分析和测定评价,明确张掖肉牛的屠宰性能和肉质风味,作为依据制定下一阶段的选育目标和选配方案。[方法]选择核心育种场育肥牛,检疫后定点集中屠宰测定分析;分割排酸取样,真空包装不同部位肉样带北京试验室根据相应的测定标准进行肉质评定。[结果]张掖肉牛公牛育肥至22.4月龄屠宰,活重、胴体重分别达635.4 kg,371.4 kg,产净肉303.66 kg;屠宰率、净肉率和胴体产肉率分别达58.48%,47.8%和81.76%;胴体脂肪覆盖度良好,肉色和脂肪颜色达到日本胴体分级标准中较高级别。牛肉肉质细嫩,高蛋白,低脂肪,但大理石花纹欠缺。熟肉制品风味独特,多汁性良好,与北京市场销售西门塔牛肉相比,具有较高的适口性和营养价值。[结论]张掖肉牛品种改良、培育成效显著,生产水平达到肉用牛标准,肉质风味能够满足目前的市场需求;若开拓高端牛肉市场,需着力大理石花纹的培育。  相似文献   

15.
Beef marbling is an important trait of meat quality and beef marbling influences the tenderness and flavor of beef, which contributes directly to the value of beef especially in the Japanese market. The lipid content of beef depends on the strain, sex, diet and fattening period of the animal. Japanese Black cattle (Wagyu) are well‐known for their ability to produce marbling beef and this is a popular strain in Japan. The development of beef marbling was closely associated with an increase in the number of adipocytes, that is, adipocyte differentiation in the skeletal muscle. This review article describes our experiment and related reports on micronutrients, especially vitamins and minerals, affecting adipogenesis in beef cattle. We pursue the possibility that manipulating the level of dietary micronutrients may become a new technique to promote beef marbling.  相似文献   

16.
Ectopic fats have been recognized as a new risk factor for metabolic syndrome. In obese humans, ectopic fat accumulations are affected by body fat distribution. Intramuscular adipose tissue is categorized as one of the ectopic fats. Japanese black cattle (Wagyu) are characterized by the ability to accumulate high amounts of intramuscular adipose tissue. In Japan, the marbling level is indicated by the beef marbling standard number (BMS No.), which reflects the intramuscular fat content of longissimus muscle. We hypothesized that the intramuscular fat accumulation is affected by the body fat distribution in Wagyu cattle. In this study, we showed that the BMS No. was not correlated with the subcutaneous and visceral adipocyte diameter. In contrast, the BMS No. was positively correlated with intramuscular adipocyte diameter. These results indicate that the intramuscular adipocyte diameter of Wagyu is hypertrophied with an increase in the intramuscular fat accumulation. In addition, we showed that the BMS No. was positively correlated with the subcutaneous fat percentage. In contrast, the BMS No. was negatively correlated with the visceral fat percentage. These results indicate that highly marbled Wagyu cattle have a higher percentage of subcutaneous fat and a lower percentage of visceral fat.  相似文献   

17.
This study was conducted to determine and compare the live traits, carcass yield and the physical, chemical, processing and sensory properties of meat from 20 Brahman grade cattle (crossbred cattle) and crossbred water buffalo (Philippine carabao × Murrah, Bulgarian or Indian) with an average age and weight of 29 months and 434 kg, respectively. The animals were fed a similar diet for 180 days before slaughter. A survey was performed to establish consumer meat preference between the two species. Live weights before slaughter of the two species were found to be different (P < 0.05) with the crossbred water buffalo showing higher bodyweight. However, the crossbred water buffalo had a lower (P < 0.05) dressing yield based on hot carcass weight and chilled carcass weight. The lower dressing yield of crossbred water buffalo can be attributed to its higher (P < 0.05) weights of edible and non‐edible slaughter by‐products. The chilled carcass yield of the forequarters and hindquarters from crossbred cattle and crossbred water buffalo were comparable when expressed as percent of live weight and chilled carcass weight. The estimated lean yield was higher in crossbred cattle than crossbred water buffalo. Crude protein, ash, fat, cholesterol, myofibrillar, sarcoplasmic and insoluble protein contents of the beef and carabao meat were all similar. Water holding capacity, pH, muscle fiber diameter, tenderness, firmness and marbling score in carabeef were all comparable to the beef. Redness was found to be higher (P < 0.05) in carabeef than the beef as measured with a color meter. The consumer meat preference survey showed that 55.9% selected the beef while 44.1% preferred carabeef. The color and amount of fat on the outside of the beef sample were primary in buyer selection.  相似文献   

18.
The genetic evaluation of economically important traits utilizes estimates of genetic variability, which are represented by heritability. This review summarizes the published heritabilities of traits estimated in Wagyu cattle. Two different mean heritabilities, unweighted and weighted by standard errors, were calculated. In Japanese Black cattle, the average unweighted and weighted direct heritabilities of birth weight were 0.35 and 0.28, respectively, whereas the respective maternal heritabilities were 0.17 and 0.07. The mean unweighted heritability of calf market weight was estimated to be 0.30 in Japanese Black cattle. The mean unweighted heritability of daily gain during performance testing was 0.29 in Japanese Black and 0.40 in Japanese Shorthorn cattle. In Japanese Black cattle, the unweighted mean heritability was 0.48 for carcass weight, 0.46 for rib‐eye area, 0.38 for rib thickness, 0.39 for subcutaneous fat thickness, and 0.55 for marbling. The mean weighted heritability of the calving interval was low, and estimated to be 0.05. In general, the heritabilities estimated in Wagyu cattle were similar to those estimated in other beef breeds.  相似文献   

19.
Correlations of calves’ temperament with carcass traits were estimated to clarify the genetic relationships between them in Japanese Black cattle. The temperament records for 3128 calves during auction at a calf market were scored on a scale of 1 (calm) to 5 (nervous) as temperament score (TS ), and the TS were divided into two groups (TSG ): TS 1 and 2 comprised TSG 1, and 3 to 5 constituted TSG 2. Carcass data were obtained from 33 552 fattened cattle. A threshold animal model was used for analyzing the underlying liability for TSG , whereas a linear one was used for TS and carcass traits. The heritability estimates for TS and TSG were 0.12 and 0.11, respectively. On the other hand, moderate to high heritability estimates were obtained for carcass traits (0.40 to 0.68). The temperament scores were negatively correlated with carcass weight, rib thickness and subcutaneous fat thickness (?0.13 to ?0.59). In contrast, weak to moderate positive correlations were found between the temperament scores and rib eye area or yield estimate (0.16 to 0.45). The temperament scores and beef marbling score had no correlation. These results showed that it is possible to improve temperament and carcass traits simultaneously.  相似文献   

20.
Carcass measurements for weight, longissimus muscle area, 12-13th-rib fat thickness, and marbling score, as well as for live animal measurements of weight at the time of ultrasound, ultrasound longissimus muscle area, ultrasound 12-13th-rib fat thickness, and ultrasound-predicted percentage ether extract were taken on 2,855 Angus steers. The average ages for steers at the time of ultrasound and at slaughter were 391 and 443 d, respectively. Genetic and environmental parameters were estimated for all eight traits in a multivariate animal model. In addition to a random animal effect, the model included a fixed effect for contemporary group and a covariate for measurement age. Heritabilities for carcass weight, carcass longissimus muscle area, carcass fat thickness, carcass marbling score, ultrasound weight, ultrasound longissimus muscle area, ultrasound fat thickness, and ultrasound-predicted percentage ether extract were 0.48, 0.45, 0.35, 0.42, 0.55, 0.29, 0.39, and 0.51, respectively. Genetic correlations between carcass and ultrasound longissimus muscle area, carcass and ultrasound fat thickness, carcass marbling score and ultrasound-predicted percentage ether extract, and carcass and ultrasound weight were 0.69, 0.82, 0.90, and 0.96, respectively. Additional estimates were derived from a six-trait multivariate animal model, which included all traits except those pertaining to weight. This model included a random animal effect, a fixed effect for contemporary group, as well as covariates for both measurement age and weight. Heritabilities for carcass longissimus muscle area, carcass fat thickness, carcass marbling score, ultrasound longissimus muscle area, ultrasound fat thickness, and ultrasound-predicted percentage ether extract were 0.36, 0.39, 0.40, 0.17, 0.38, and 0.49, respectively. Genetic correlations between carcass and ultrasound longissimus muscle area, carcass and ultrasound fat thickness, and carcass marbling and ultrasound-predicted percentage ether extract were 0.58, 0.86, and 0.94, respectively. The high, positive genetic correlations between carcass and the corresponding real-time ultrasound traits indicate that real-time ultrasound imaging is an alternative to carcass data collection in carcass progeny testing programs.  相似文献   

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