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K. Ura S. Mizuno T. Okubo Y. Chida N. Misaka S. Adachi K. Yamauchi 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》1997,17(1-6):397-403
Changes in immunoreactivity of Na+/K+-ATPase -subunit in gill sections of wild masu salmon (Oncorhynchus masou) during the parr-smolt transformation (smoltification) were compared with changes in gill Na+/K+-ATPase specific activity. Gill Na+/K+-ATPase specific activity increased from April and peaked in May. Immunohistochemical analysis, using an antiserum against a synthetic oligopeptide based on the conserved region of the Na+/K+-ATPase -subunit, revealed that immunoreactivity was confined to chloride cells in the surface layer of primary lamellae and the proximal end of secondary lamellae. The size and number of these cells increased gradually from February to May; however, the number of chloride cells of the secondary lamellae decreased in May. These data suggest that the synthesis of Na+/K+-ATPase and the proliferation of chloride cells occur prior to the elevation of enzyme activity. Moreover, it is likely the proliferation and hypertrophy of chloride cells on primary lamellae prepare smolts for entry into seawater and migration in the ocean. 相似文献
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The goal of this study was to determine the osmoregulatory ability of a juvenile marine fish, silver moony (Monodactylus argenteus), for the purpose of developing a new experimental species for ecophysiological research. In this study, M. argenteus was acclimated to freshwater (FW), brackish water (BW), or seawater (SW). The salinity tolerance of this euryhaline species was effective, and the fish survived well upon osmotic challenges. The largest apical surface of mitochondrion-rich cells was found in the FW individuals. Immunohistochemical staining revealed that Na(+), K(+)-ATPase immunoreactive (NKA-IR) cells were distributed in the interlamellar region of the gill filaments of the silver moony in all experimental groups. In addition to the filaments, NKA-IR cells were also found in the lamellae of the FW individuals. The number of NKA-IR cells in the gills of the FW individuals exceeded that of the BW and SW individuals. The NKA-IR cells of FW and SW individuals exhibited bigger size than that of BW fish. The NKA activities and protein expression of the NKA α-subunit in the gills of the FW individuals were significantly higher than in the BW and SW groups. Additionally, the relative amounts of Na(+), K(+), 2Cl(-) cotransporter 1 (NKCC1) were salinity-dependent in the gills. Immunofluorescent signals of NKCC1 were localized to the basolateral membrane of NKA-IR cells in all groups. In the gills of the FW individuals, however, some NKA-IR cells did not exhibit a basolateral NKCC1 signal. In conclusion, the present study illustrated the osmoregulatory mechanisms of this easy- and economic-to-rear marine teleost with euryhaline capacity and proved the silver moony to be a good experimental animal. 相似文献
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针对点篮子鱼(Siganus guttatas)广盐性的特点,设计了5个盐度梯度:自然海水(对照组,盐度约30)、盐度20、盐度10、盐度5和盐度0,对点篮子鱼进行了48 d养殖实验,测定了5种盐度条件下点篮子鱼血清渗透压、离子含量及鳃丝Na+/K+-ATP酶活力的变化。结果显示,点篮子鱼血清渗透压随盐度的降低和时间的延长而显著下降,除盐度20组与对照组无显著性差异外(P0.05),其它盐度组与对照组均有显著性差异(P0.05)。各盐度组血清渗透压均在12 d时达到最小值,24 d血清渗透压有明显的回升,48 d趋于稳定,各时间点上均与对照组有显著性差异(P0.05)。点篮子鱼血清等渗点渗透压为402.5 m Osm·kg-1。在盐度5和盐度0条件下,血清离子浓度发生急剧下降,并在6 d和12 d达到最低值,24 d时有所回升;盐度20组血清Na+和Cl-与对照组无显著性差异(P0.05),K+和其余各盐度组与对照组均有显著性差异(P0.05)。鳃丝Na+/K+-ATP酶活力随着盐度的降低,分别在3 d和6 d达到最低值;盐度5和盐度0在12 d时Na+/K+-ATP活性迅速上升,并显著超过对照组,24 d再次下降;而盐度10缓慢回升,在48 d达到正常水平。研究结果表明,点篮子鱼对盐度变化有较强的渗透调节能力,在低渗环境中,点篮子鱼通过降低血清中离子含量及鳃丝Na+/K+-ATP酶活力的迅速变化来调节渗透压以适应环境的变化。 相似文献
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采用室内模拟方法,研究了亚硝酸钠对鲫鱼肝脏中Na /K -ATPase和Mg2 -ATPase活性的影响,共设4个亚硝酸钠浓度处理组(0.5mg/L、1.0mg/L、2.0mg/L和3.0mg/L),分别在染毒后24h、48h、72h和96h测定肝脏Na /K -ATPase和Mg2 -ATPase活性。结果表明,各NaNO2浓度处理组的Na /K -ATPase和Mg2 -ATPase活性均表现出相似的变化关系:在染毒后24h,所有浓度组活性升高,在暴露后48h和72h时活性下降。暴露后96h,各处理组的Na /K -ATPase和Mg2 -ATPase活性又开始增加,并高于对照组酶活性,但Na /K -ATPase与对照组差异不显著,且随着NaNO2浓度的增大,酶活性逐渐降低,而Mg2 -ATPase各浓度处理组在暴露后96h,活性增加并显著高于对照组,二者均呈现出浓度-效应的负相关。以上结果表明Na /K -ATPase和Mg2 -ATPase在离子调节中共同作用,以对亚硝酸钠应激作出反应,有可能成为水体中亚硝酸盐氮胁迫的一个合适的生物指示剂。 相似文献
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盐碱对大鳞鳃血清渗透压、离子含量及鳃丝Na+/K+-ATP酶活力的影响 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
通过室内毒理实验,研究了盐度、碱度以及盐碱交互作用对大鳞9E(Barbus capito)血清渗透压、血清离子(Na~+,K~+,CI~-、尿素氮)浓度和鳃丝Na~+/K~+ -ATP酶活力的影响.单因子实验中,随着含盐水平(8 g/L,10g/L、12g/L,14 g/L)的增大,大鳞鳃血清渗透压和血清离子(Na~+,K~+,Cl~-)浓度均显著升高(P<0.05),鳃丝Na~+/K~+-ATP酶活力先升高后降低,受体内外渗透压差的影响最显著(P<0.05).碱度的增大(19.05 mmol/L,30.20 mmol/L,47.86mmol/L,75.86 mmol/L)能引起血清K~+和尿素氮浓度显著升高(P<0.05),但对血清渗透压和鳃丝ATP酶活力无显著影响.在双因子实验中,盐碱交互升高会引起渗透压和血清离子(Na~+,CI~-、尿素氮)显著升高(P<0.05).方差分析结果表明,盐度、碱度及交互作用均对渗透压有显著影响,影响作用最大的是盐度,其次是碱度,交互作用最小.鳃丝Na~+/K~+-ATP酶活性先升高后降低,最高值出现在盐度10 g/L、碱度30.20 mmol/L的正交试验组.从实验结果可得出,大鳞鳃在盐度12g/L以下的水体中能生存,在盐碱共存的环境下,能耐受的上限为盐度10 g/L、碱度30.20mmol.本研究旨在掌握大鳞鳃的生存盐碱度范围,以期为该物种的增养殖生产提供基础依据. 相似文献
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《淡水渔业》2021,51(5)
为了解盐度胁迫对黄河鲤(Cyprinus carpio haematoperus)幼鱼耐受性、肝脏抗氧化酶和鳃丝Na~+/K~+-ATPase酶活性的影响,实验设置0(对照组)、3、6、9、12和15共6个盐度梯度对黄河鲤幼鱼进行盐度胁迫,在6、12、24、48、72和96 h时采样,测定肝脏中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)和溶菌酶(LZM)的活性及丙二醛(MDA)的含量和鳃丝Na~+/K~+-ATPase酶活性。结果显示:与对照组相比,各盐度组黄河鲤幼鱼肝脏组织的SOD、CAT、LZM、GSH-Px和鳃丝Na~+/K~+-ATPase酶活性随胁迫时间的延长均有先升高后下降的趋势,且SOD、CAT、GSH-Px和鳃丝Na~+/K~+-ATPase酶活性在盐度为6时能在胁迫96 h内维持较高水平,而盐度为9、12和15时酶活性则随胁迫时间延长显著下降。各盐度组LZM酶活性在胁迫96 h内均显著高于对照组,且12和15高盐度组在胁迫96 h时仍显著高于其他组。各盐度组的MDA含量均在胁迫6 h达峰值,之后随胁迫时间延长,盐度为3、6、9组下降较显著,但12和15组的MDA含量在96 h时仍显著高于其他组。结果表明:在本试验条件下,黄河鲤幼鱼在养殖用水盐度0～6范围内适当提高盐度可提高其肝脏抗氧化性能和鳃丝Na~+/K~+-ATPase酶活力。 相似文献
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采用室内模拟方法,研究了亚硝酸钠对鲫鱼肝脏中Na /K -ATPase和Mg2 -ATPase活性的影响,共设4个亚硝酸钠浓度处理组(0.5mg.L-1、1.0mg.L-1、2.0mg.L-1和3.0mg.L-1),分别在染毒后24h、48h、72h和96h测定肝脏Na /K -ATPase和Mg2 -ATPase活性。结果表明,各NaNO2浓度处理组的Na /K -ATPase和Mg2 -ATPase活性均表现出相似的变化关系:在染毒后24h,所有浓度组活性升高,在暴露后48h和72h时活性下降。暴露后96h,各处理组的Na /K -ATPase和Mg2 -ATPase活性又开始增加,并高于对照组酶活性,但Na /K -ATPase与对照组差异不显著,且随着NaNO2浓度的增大,酶活性逐渐降低,而Mg2 -ATPase各浓度处理组在暴露后96h,活性增加并显著高于对照组,二者均呈现出浓度-效应的负相关。以上结果表明Na /K -ATPase和Mg2 -ATPase在离子调节中共同作用,以对亚硝酸钠应激作出反应,有可能成为水体中亚硝酸盐氮胁迫的一个合适的生物指示剂。 相似文献
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采用盐度渐变的方法,研究了盐度2、10、18、26、34共5个梯度对四指马鲅幼鱼(7.82± 0.43 g)生长及其鳃丝Na+/K+-ATP酶的影响.结果表明,盐度对四指马鲅幼鱼的生长和存活均有不同程度的影响.在实验盐度范围内,随着盐度的升高,四指马鲅幼鱼的最终体重、特定增长率(SGR)、日增重(DWG)、增重率(GBW)和增长率(GBL)均出现逐渐降低的趋势,且部分盐度组间差异显著(P＜0.05),其中上述各项指标中,盐度2组均最高,与盐度10组差异不显著(P＞0.05),而与盐度18、26、34组存在显著性差异(P＜0.05),盐度34组显著低于其他盐度组(P＜0.05);幼鱼的饲料系数随盐度升高逐渐增大,且部分盐度组间差异显著(P＜0.05).在成活率方面,除盐度34组的成活率为72.2%,显著低于其他盐度组外(P＜0.05),其他各盐度组成活率均达到90%以上.盐度对四指马鲅幼鱼鳃丝Na+/K+-ATP酶也存在一定影响,经过3 d的盐度驯化后,实验第0天部分盐度组幼鱼鳃丝Na+/K+-ATP酶的活力有显著差异,其中盐度 34 组显著高于其他组(P＜0.05),盐度 18、26 组显著低于其他组(P＜0.05).实验开始后到第10天,盐度2、10、34组幼鱼鳃丝Na+/K+-ATP酶的活力有所降低,此后,各盐度组幼鱼鳃丝Na+/K+-ATP酶的活力趋于稳定.经过30d的养殖发现,盐度34组幼鱼鳃丝Na+/K+-ATP酶的活力最高,显著高于其他组(P＜0.05),而盐度2、10组幼鱼鳃丝Na+/K+-ATP酶的活力略低于盐度18、26组,但差异并不显著(P＞0.05).从以上结果可见,盐度对四指马鲅幼鱼的生长和鳃丝Na+/K+-ATP酶活力有一定影响. 相似文献
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Heng-Ju Lin Shu-Hua Lee Jen-Leih Wu Yeh-Fang Duann Jyh-Yih Chen 《Fish physiology and biochemistry》2013,39(6):1525-1539
One cannot seek permission to market transgenic fish mainly because there is no field test or any basic research on technological developments for evaluating their biosafety. Infertility is a necessary adjunct to exploiting transgenic fish unless completely secure land-locked facilities are available. In this study, we report the generation of a Cre transgenic zebrafish line using a cytomegalovirus promoter. We also produced fish carrying the Bax1 and Bax2 plasmids; these genes were separated by two loxP sites under a zona pellucida C promoter or were driven by an anti-Müllerian hormone promoter. We inserted a red fluorescent protein gene between the two loxP sites. After obtaining transgenic lines with the two transgenic fish crossed with each other (Cre transgenic zebrafish x loxP transgenic zebrafish), the floxed DNA was found to be specifically eliminated from the female or male zebrafish, and apoptosis gene expressions caused ovarian and testicular growth cessation and degeneration. Overexpression of the Bax1 and Bax2 genes caused various expression levels of apoptosis-related genes. Accordingly, this transgenic zebrafish model system provides a method to produce infertile fish and may be useful for application to genetically modified fish. 相似文献
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克隆了拟穴青蟹(Scylla paramamosain)Na~+/H~+-exchanger基因,其cDNA序列全长3 624 bp,开放阅读框(ORF)长2 886 bp,可编码961个氨基酸,预测蛋白质分子量和等电点分别为110.8 kDa和7.42,具有信号肽和典型的Na~+/H~+-exchanger蛋白结构域,含12个跨膜α螺旋。拟穴青蟹Na~+/H~+-exchanger的氨基酸序列与三疣梭子蟹(Portunus trituberculatus)的一致度最高,达到84.9%;该基因在卵巢中表达量最高,其次是精巢、鳃等;该基因在受精卵时期表达水平最高,大眼幼体时期次之。拟穴青蟹大眼幼体在低盐(盐度7和17)胁迫过程中,Na~+/H~+-exchanger基因在20 min表达水平最高,之后基本恢复到正常表达水平;在高盐(盐度37)胁迫(20 min～2 h)期间,该基因表达水平先下降再逐渐上升。Na~+/H~+-exchanger基因在拟穴青蟹大眼幼体阶段盐度适应中发挥着重要作用,且低盐显著诱导Na~+/H~+-exchanger基因的高表达,推测拟穴青蟹Na~+/H~+-exchanger基因在低盐环境下发挥重要的渗透调节功能。 相似文献
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The koi herpesvirus (KHV) has spread worldwide since its discovery in 1998 and causes disease and mortality in koi and common carp populations with a high impact on the carp production industry. Many investigations have been conducted to examine ways of distribution and to identify possible transmission vectors. The answers, however, raise many new questions. In the present study, different wild fish species taken from carp ponds with a history of KHV infection were examined for their susceptibility to the virus. In the tissue of these fish, the virus load was determined and it was tested whether a release of the virus could be induced by stress and the virus then could be transferred to naive carp. Wild fish were gathered from carp ponds during acute outbreaks of virus‐induced mortality in summer and from ponds stocked with carp carrying a latent KHV infection. From these ponds, wild fish were collected during the harvesting process in autumn or spring when the ponds were drained. We found that regardless of season, temperature variation, age and infection status of the carp stock, wild fish from carp ponds and its outlets could be tested positive for the KHV genome using real‐time PCR with a low prevalence and virus load. Furthermore, virus transfer to naive carp was observed after a period of cohabitation. Cyprinid and non‐cyprinid wild fish can therefore be considered as an epidemiological risk for pond carp farms. 相似文献
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Dorothée Kopp Fabien Morandeau Maud Mouchet Camille Vogel Sonia Méhault 《Fisheries Science》2018,84(4):597-604
In the Bay of Biscay, the selective properties of otter trawls have mainly been studied with regard to single species. However, for bottom trawl multispecific fisheries targeting fish, it remains challenging to find a selective device capable of limiting catches of small individuals of several species without commercial losses. The present study focuses on an innovative technical solution to reduce catches of undersized individuals in a multispecies bottom trawl fishery in the Bay of Biscay. We tested a cylinder made of 100-mm diamond meshes turned at 90°, namely T90 inserted in the extension piece. We present the selectivity results obtained for six commercial species. This device allows the escape of small Solea solea, Trachurus trachurus and Spondyliosoma cantharus individuals. No commercial losses of Sepia officinalis were recorded. Patterns for Dicentrarchus labrax and Mullus surmuletus require further investigation due to limited fish size ranges in the dataset. 相似文献
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A study was undertaken to measure the water flow (Qw) delivered by a vacuum airlift designed for recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS) in fresh (<1‰ of salinity) and sea water (35‰ of salinity). The vacuum airlift consists of two concentric tubes connected at their top to a depression chamber. The water rises in the inner tube as a result of air being injected in its lower section and flows back through the external downcomer tube. The vacuum airlift was adjusted at three different lengths: 2, 4 or 6 m and water discharge could be lifted from 0 to 30 cm. Air flow rate (Qg) varied from 0 to 80 L min−1. Different types of air injectors were tested, delivering different bubble sizes (0.1–5 mm) depending on porosity and functioning at low or high injection pressure. Results show an increase in water flow when pipe length and air flow were increased and lift height reduced. Water flow also depended on the type of water and ranged from 0 to 35 m3 h−1 (0–580 L min−1) for fresh water and only from 0 to 20 m3 h−1 (0–330 L min−1) for sea water (for a 6 m high vacuum airlift). This difference was attributed to the smaller bubble diameter and higher gas holdup (ɛg) observed in sea water (0–20%) compared to fresh water (0–10%). When bubbles were present in the downcomer tube, they created a resistance to flow (counter-current airlift) that slowed down liquid velocity and thus water flow. Increasing the vacuum made it possible to use low air injection pressures and high injection depths. Vacuum also increased bubble size and airflow (20 L min−1 at atmospheric pressure to 60 L min−1 at 0.3 barA) and thus water flow rates. With RAS, the presence of fish feed in water rapidly increased water flow delivered by the airlift because of changes of water quality and gas holdup. When working with low head RAS (under 0.3 m), vacuum airlift could save up to 50% of the energy required for centrifugal pumps. An empirical predictive model was developed and calibrated. Simulation shows a good correlation between predicted values and measurements (R2 = 0.96). 相似文献