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1.
PEG模拟干旱对大豆抗氧化酶活性及抗氧化能力的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《大豆科学》2016,(4)
以黑农44和黑农65大豆为试验材料,采用20%浓度的PEG-6000模拟干旱胁迫,研究干旱胁迫对大豆叶片开花期抗氧化酶活性及抗氧化能力的影响。结果表明:随处理时间的延长,大豆叶片超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)和过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性、总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)、超氧阴离子清除能力(SASC)和羟自由基清除能力(HRS)均随着处理时间的延长而呈先升高后降低的趋势;在处理时期内,对照组与处理组中,抗旱品种黑农44的各项指标均高于敏感型品种黑农65。相关性分析可知:黑农44和黑农65的CAT活性与SOD活性,SASC与CAT活性,HRS与SOD活性,HRS与SASC均呈极显著正相关,HRS与T-AOC显著正相关;耐旱型品种黑农44的T-AOC与POD活性,SASC与POD活性,HRS与CAT活性均呈极显著正相关,而敏感型品种黑农65 T-AOC与POD活性呈现显著正相关,SASC与POD活性,HRS与CAT活性正相关均不显著;黑农44的SASC与SOD活性显著正相关,黑农65则表现为极显著正相关,耐旱型品种黑农44抗氧化酶和抗氧化能力之间的相关程度高于敏感型黑农65。试验表明抗旱大豆品种具有较强的抗氧化酶活性和抗氧化能力。 相似文献
2.
干旱胁迫下外源脱落酸对大豆花期生理特性的影响 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
以大豆品种绥农14为材料,采用盆栽试验研究了大豆花期干旱胁迫条件下喷施不同浓度外源脱落酸(ABA)对大豆生理特性的影响,并对不同浓度脱落酸的作用效果进行比较。结果表明:与正常供水相比,干旱条件下的大豆叶片过氧化物酶活性、丙二醛含量、可溶性糖含量、游离脯氨酸含量均增加,超氧化物歧化酶活性和叶绿素含量降低,喷施一定浓度外源ABA明显缓解了干旱胁迫下大豆各项生理指标的变化幅度。喷施ABA后1～13 d,4.0 mg.L-1的ABA明显提高了过氧化物酶的活性、1.0 mg.L-1ABA能明显促进超氧化物歧化酶活性升高和可溶性糖含量增加,并能缓解叶绿素含量的降低;3.0 mg.L-1的ABA明显使脯氨酸含量增加;2.0 mg.L-1的ABA对缓解丙二醛积累作用明显。综合分析表明,干旱胁迫下,叶面喷施一定浓度的脱落酸维持了大豆花期叶片的正常生理代谢功能,有效的提高了叶片抗氧化能力和控制了叶片的衰老进程。 相似文献
3.
苗期外源脱落酸和茉莉酸缓减小麦花后干旱胁迫的效应及其生理机制 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
为探究生育前期喷施脱落酸（ABA）和茉莉酸（JA）对小麦花后干旱胁迫的缓减效应,在盆栽试验条件下,测定和分析了苗期喷施ABA和JA后花后干旱胁迫下小麦籽粒产量及部分生理指标的变化。结果表明,花后干旱胁迫显著降低小麦穗粒数、千粒重和产量。干旱胁迫下,喷施ABA和JA可显著提高植株内源ABA和JA含量、旗叶光合速率和PSⅡ的最大光化学效率、渗透调节物质（可溶性糖、游离氨基酸和脯氨酸）含量以及抗氧化酶（SOD、CAT、APX和GR）活性,降低丙二醛含量,增加穗粒数、千粒重和产量。说明生育前期喷施外源ABA和JA可缓解花后干旱胁迫对小麦光合的抑制作用,增强干旱胁迫下植株的渗透调节和抗氧能力,促进产量形成。 相似文献
4.
大豆种质资源苗期抗旱性评价 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
利用室内盆栽干旱胁迫方法,对11份大豆材料进行抗旱性分析,测定与抗旱性相关的茎干重、根干重、主根长、总根长、根冠比、叶绿素含量、丙二醛含量、相对含水量共8项生理和形态鉴定指标,以干旱胁迫与非干旱胁迫条件下获得的生理和形态指标,来评价各指标与苗期抗旱性的关系,结合灰色关联分析对不同大豆材料抗旱性进行分析。结果表明:抗旱性较强的是东农47、L-79、黑农44、Conrad,灰色关联度ri0.8为抗旱性较强的品种;嫩丰11、绥04-5804、石大豆1号、绥农29的关联度为0.8~0.6,为较抗旱品种;中黄10号和垦04-8579为较敏感品种,ri为0.6~0.5;方正秣食豆为敏感品种,关联度ri0.439。 相似文献
5.
不同抗旱型大豆茸毛适旱变态与茎形态解剖的比较研究 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
本研究在人工模拟旱境生长室内进行。于鼓粒初期,对抗旱型大豆品种“呼80—1001”,“安丰1”和敏感型品种“绥农4”及中间型品种“黑农26”进行干旱处理。应用扫描电子显微镜(S—430)对茸毛的适旱变态和茎横剖面结构进行观察。研究结果指出密集茸毛型大豆较稀疏茸毛型大豆具有较强的抗旱能力。在水分胁迫条件下,钟状茸毛基部的膨润度和新茸毛增生乃为适旱变态反应。研究结果还指出抗旱型大豆的皮层与中柱的比率大于敏感型大豆。维营束排列较紧密,束内系列导管抗旱型大豆也多于敏感型大豆。中央系列导管的最大导管直径抗旱型大于敏感型,抗旱型大豆茎具有较小的髓,其细胞呈海绵状。 相似文献
6.
硅对干旱胁迫下野生大豆幼苗生长和生理特性的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
为探讨外源硅对干旱胁迫下野生大豆生长的影响,以野生大豆为试验材料,研究不同浓度外源硅对干旱胁迫下大豆幼苗的生长及生理特性的影响。结果表明:干旱胁迫会使野生大豆鲜重、干重、叶绿素含量、根系活力及SOD、CAT、POD活性降低,细胞膜透性、MDA、游离脯氨酸及可溶性糖含量增加。随着硅处理浓度的不断升高,野生大豆鲜重、干重、叶绿素含量、根系活力逐渐增加;低浓度硅胁迫提高了SOD、CAT、POD活性,降低了细胞膜透性、MDA、游离脯氨酸及可溶性糖含量,随着硅胁迫浓度的不断提高,SOD、CAT、POD活性逐渐下降,细胞膜透性、MDA、游离脯氨酸及可溶性糖含量先下降再升高。说明一定浓度的外源硅能有效促进干旱胁迫下野生大豆幼苗的生长,提高抗氧化酶活性,降低细胞膜透性、MDA、游离脯氨酸及可溶性糖含量,能够缓解干旱胁迫对野生大豆幼苗的危害,提高野生大豆抗旱能力。 相似文献
7.
脱落酸对干旱胁迫下茶树生理特性的影响 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
脱落酸（Abscisic acid,ABA）是一种重要的植物激素,在植物对胁迫耐受性和抗性中发挥着重要作用。以茶树品种迎霜为材料,分别采用100 mg·mL-1、200 mg·mL-1聚乙二醇6000（PEG 6000）模拟干旱胁迫,研究了外源ABA对干旱胁迫下茶树叶片生理生化特性的影响。结果表明：喷施外源ABA后,渗透调节物质含量和抗氧化酶活性略有提高。干旱胁迫下,外源ABA能提高茶树体内脯氨酸、可溶性糖及可溶性蛋白含量,同时增强了抗氧化酶活性,从而降低干旱胁迫对茶苗的伤害。经ABA处理后的茶苗在复水后,渗透调节物质含量和抗氧化酶活性均保持较高值,外源ABA对提高茶树抗旱性起到一定的作用。 相似文献
8.
《中国油料作物学报》2016,(5)
以盆栽大豆北豆44为实验材料,研究在干旱胁迫下外源脱落酸(ABA)和油菜素内酯(BR)对大豆抗旱性的影响。结果表明,在正常供水条件下,BR对光合有抑制作用,ABA促进气孔关闭,降低胞间CO_2浓度,BR加强了ABA的作用。在干旱胁迫条件下,高浓度的BR(0.4mg/L)加剧了干旱对大豆幼苗叶片的伤害,但ABA可以缓解其伤害程度;低浓度的BR促进叶绿素的增加,ABA可缓和高浓度BR对叶绿素的抑制作用;BR(0.2、0.4mg/L)可以缓解干旱对大豆光合的影响,ABA和BR共同作用对大豆光合作用具有更好的效果;BR降低了ABA促进气孔关闭的作用,使得PSⅡ反应中心Fv/Fm和Ф_(PSII)升高,与净光合速率的变化相一致。因此ABA(2mg/L)和BR(0.2、0.4mg/L)共同作用对大豆有更好的抗旱作用。因此,干旱胁迫下,喷施一定浓度的脱落酸和油菜素内酯可有效缓解干旱胁迫影响,维持大豆正常生理代谢。 相似文献
9.
前期干旱锻炼对木薯根系内源激素及可溶性糖含量的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
干旱胁迫前,对木薯进行前期干旱锻炼,胁迫期间测定干旱锻炼和未干旱锻炼木薯根系中内源激素(ABA、IAA、GA、ZR)及可溶性糖(葡萄糖、果糖、蔗糖)含量,根据其含量变化阐明前期干旱锻炼对木薯激素调节和渗透调节的影响.实验结果表明,经前期干旱锻炼的木薯再次受水分胁迫时,抗旱品种SC 124和KU50根系中内源ABA在短时期内大量积累,其积累速率与积累量均高于对照(未干旱锻炼);而体内与植物生长发育相关激素IAA、GA和ZR的变化与对照相比在短时间内含量急剧下降,下降幅度增大.内源激素的变化结果说明前期的干旱锻炼改变了木薯再次受胁迫时内源激素的响应速度,提升了其响应程度,使植物在生理、生化等各方面发生相应变化,以提高自身的抗旱力,从而减轻干旱造成的伤害.不抗旱品种SC8的根系激素变化趋势不同于其他品种,变化幅度也明显小于抗旱品种,进一步说明了激素调节对木薯适应干旱的重要性.干旱锻炼的木薯根系中葡萄糖、果糖、蔗糖含量在不同的干旱胁迫时期(除少数几个时间点外)均高于未干旱锻炼情况,前期干旱锻炼增加了可溶性糖的积累,提高了植株的抗旱性能.本研究为深入研究木薯的抗逆性和人为提高木薯抗旱性能提供理论基础. 相似文献
10.
开花期干旱对黑龙江省主栽大豆品种根部性状的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
《大豆科学》2015,(6)
为明确黑龙江省近期主栽大豆品种根系抗旱能力的差异,选用黑龙江省近20年育成的5个主栽大豆品种为试材,利用盆栽试验,于开花期进行不同程度的干旱处理,对根系形态、生理指标和单株粒重进行测定。结果表明:随着干旱胁迫增强,参试品种根体积、根表面积、根干重和根系活力等性状均呈先升高后降低的趋势,单株粒重呈逐渐降低的趋势。合丰25和垦丰16根体积、根表面积、根干重和根系活力在轻度干旱条件下增加较多,重度干旱条件下降低较少,合丰35和合丰39次之,绥农14轻度干旱条件下增加最少,重度干旱条件下降低最多;在受到干旱胁迫后,合丰25和垦丰16单株粒重下降较少,合丰39和合丰35次之,绥农14下降最多。从根系形态和生理指标以及单株粒重的变化规律可以看出,合丰25和垦丰16抗旱能力强,合丰35和合丰39次之,绥农14抗旱能力最弱。 相似文献
11.
Sorghum and millet phenols and antioxidants 总被引：5，自引：2，他引：5
Sorghum is a good source of phenolic compounds with a variety of genetically dependent types and levels including phenolic acids, flavonoids, and condensed tannins. Most sorghums do not contain condensed tannins, but all contain phenolic acids. Pigmented sorghums contain unique anthocyanins that could be potential food colorants. Some sorghums have a prominent pigmented testa that contains condensed tannins composed of flavan-3-ols with variable length. Flavan-3-ols of up to 8–10 units have been separated and quantitatively analyzed. These tannin sorghums are excellent antioxidants, which slow hydrolysis in foods, produce naturally dark-colored products and increase the dietary fiber levels of food products. Sorghums have high concentration of 3-deoxyanthocyanins (i.e. luteolinidin and apigenidin) that give stable pigments at high pH. Pigmented and tannin sorghum varieties have high antioxidant levels that are comparable to fruits and vegetables. Finger millet has tannins in some varieties that contain a red testa. There are limited data on the phenolic compounds in millets; only phenolic acids and flavones have been identified. 相似文献
12.
Summary Between 1993 and 1998 205 different potato cultivars and 1220 accessions/genotypes of wild and cultivated potato species from
the IPK Genebank Gatersleben were evaluated. Parameters interesting for starch isolation and especially for the use of starch
were determined. Altogether, there was a higher variability in wild potato species than in cultivated potatoes for all characteristics
investigated: dry matter content, starch content, protein content, amylose content and mean particle diameter of starch granules. 相似文献
13.
种子加工、检验理论与技术现状及思考 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
种子加工及检验是种子向市场流通的关键，是商业化育种中赋予种子商品属性不可或缺的环节。种子加工、检验理论与技术的研究是完善种业产业链、实现规模化商业育种、夯实“育繁推一体化”种业科学的重要一环。中国的种业科学技术体系正在形成与完善之中，受制于行业发展水平，种子加工及检验理论与技术相对薄弱。本文回顾了种子加工及检验理论与技术研究发展历程，提出了完善中国种业科学发展的策略与建议。围绕种业发展的需要，在做好品种优质化繁育的基础上，分析种子加工及检验理论与技术的新方向和新需求，加强种业应用性研究，建立先进的种子质量检验体系，研制适合现代种业发展需求的种子加工设备，打造种子加工产业标准化生产体系，完善种业科学技术学科建设，促进种业产业持续健康发展。 相似文献
14.
ZHU Mingdong WEI Xiangjin XIE Hongjun TANG Guohua ZENG Xiaoshan WANG Jianlong HU Peisong YU Yinghong 《中国水稻科学》2019,33(5):401-406
Seed processing and testing hold the key to the market circulation of seeds, and are an indispensable link in commercial breeding to endow seeds with commodity attributes. The research of seed processing and testing theory and technology is an important link in improving the seed industry chain, realizing large-scale commercial breeding and consolidating the seed industry science of ‘integration of breeding, propagation and promotion’. The scientific and technological system of seed industry in China is being formed and perfected, which is subject to the development level of the industry. The theory and technology of seed processing and testing are relatively weak. We reviewed the development of seed processing and testing theory and technology, and put forward strategies and suggestions to improve the sound development of China’s seed industry. In order to meet the needs of seed industry development and on the basis of high quality breeding of varieties, the new directions and demands of seed processing and testing theory and technology were analyzed. We will work to strengthen the applied research of seed industry, establish advanced seed quality inspection system, improve seed processing equipment suitable for the development needs of modern seed industry, establish standardized production system of seed processing industry, develop the scientific and technological disciplines of seed industry, and promote the sustainable and healthy development of seed industry. 相似文献
15.
种子加工及检验是种子向市场流通的关键,是商业化育种中赋予种子商品属性不可或缺的环节。种子加工、检验理论与技术的研究是完善种业产业链、实现规模化商业育种、夯实"育繁推一体化"种业科学的重要一环。中国的种业科学技术体系正在形成与完善之中,受制于行业发展水平,种子加工及检验理论与技术相对薄弱。本文回顾了种子加工及检验理论与技术研究发展历程,提出了完善中国种业科学发展的策略与建议。围绕种业发展的需要,在做好品种优质化繁育的基础上,分析种子加工及检验理论与技术的新方向和新需求,加强种业应用性研究,建立先进的种子质量检验体系,研制适合现代种业发展需求的种子加工设备,打造种子加工产业标准化生产体系,完善种业科学技术学科建设,促进种业产业持续健康发展。 相似文献
16.
通过比较分析芸薹属多倍体复合种与其祖先二倍体基本种在花柱、柱头大小、角果长度、宽度、种子直径 及种子干重变化上的异同,发现多倍体复合种在这些发育性状上表现出处于两个祖先二倍体亲本之间,或只偏向 于其中一个祖先亲本。同一个多倍体品种在不同发育性状上具有不同的表现,即在某一发育性状上偏向于其祖先 亲本之一,而在另一发育性状上偏向其另一祖先亲本。 相似文献
17.
《Journal of Crop Improvement》2013,27(1):313-324
Summary Arbuscular mycorrhizae were inoculated into phosphorus-deficient soil fertilized with either organic or chemical fertilizer with cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) as the first crop and lettuce (Lactu-ca sativa L.) as the second crop but without additional fertilization and AM inoculation. AM increased dry matter and fruit yield of cucumber significantly in the unfertilized, organic-fertilized and P-deficient plants compared with the fully chemical-fertilized plants. AM inoculation increased the available phosphorus in plant and soil by around 30% for all treatments except for those chemically-fertilized. The rate of AM infection did not differ significantly among the fertilization treatments, but the infection intensity was higher in unfertilized, organic-fertilized and phosphorus-deficient treatments than chemical-fertilized treatment. The residual effects of AM-inoculated to cucumber were evident for lettuce in all pre-treatments that were unfertilized and un-inoculated for the second cropping. Without P-fertilization, neither crop could grow optimally even when the soil was inoculated with AM, suggesting that AM could not serve as a substitute for phosphorus fertilizer. However, the other beneficial effects of AM on crop growth and yield could not be fulfilled with phosphorus fertilizer. 相似文献
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Effects of crop density and tillage system on grain yield and N uptake from soil and atmosphere of sole and intercropped pea and oat 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Pea (Pisum sativum L.) and oat (Avena sativa L.) were grown as sole and mixed crops in various densities under two different tillage systems on a loess soil near Göttingen/Germany in a 2-year field experiment (2002/2003). In the conventional tillage system a mouldboard plough (CT) was used and in the minimum tillage system a rotary harrow (MT) was employed. The effect of crop density and tillage system on the grain dry matter and grain N yields, N2 fixation and soil N uptake were determined to address the following questions: (i) which mixture compositions exhibit the highest grain yields compared to the sole crops, (ii) which mixture compositions also fix a high level of N2 and leave low levels of residual inorganic soil N after harvest, and (iii) whether the intercrop advantage is influenced by the tillage system. For (i) the result in 2002 showed that the highest grain yields of both sole cropped pea and oat and intercropped pea and oat were achieved at the highest densities. In 2003, when the inorganic soil N content was higher and weather conditions were warmer and drier, grain yields were significantly higher than in 2002, but sole as well as intercropped pea and oat gave their highest grain yields at lower densities. For both years and tillage systems, the highest intercrop advantages were achieved in mixtures with densities above the optimal sole crop densities. The result for (ii) was that a distinctly higher proportion of nitrogen was derived from the atmosphere (Ndfa) by intercropped pea than by sole cropped pea. However, the uptake of soil N by intercropped pea and oat was not reduced in comparison with that of sole cropped oat as the decrease in the uptake of N from the soil by oat at lower oat densities in the mixture was compensated for by the soil N uptake of pea. Additionally, the Nmin-N content of the soil following the mixtures and sole cropped oat did not differ, especially in the deeper soil layers because oat in mixture was forced to take up more soil N from deeper layers. Therefore, the risk of soil N losses through leaching after mixtures was lower compared to sole cropped pea. The tillage system (iii) had no significant influence on grain yield and soil N uptake, but N2 fixation and the competitive ability of intercropped pea were higher under CT than with MT. An additional result was that intercropping led to a significantly increased grain N content of both pea and oat compared to the sole crops. The increase in grain N content from sole to intercrop was from 3.30 to 3.42% for pea and from 1.73 to 1.96% for oat as a mean for both years and tillage systems. The present study confirms that growing pea and oat as intercrops highlights potential economic and environmental benefits which still need to be understood in more detail in order to exploit intercropping to a greater extent. 相似文献
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