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1.
One hundred and fifty dogs with histopathologically confirmed intestinal disease were evaluated retrospectively. Sixty-one dogs had enteritis and 89 dogs had intestinal neoplasia. Ultrasonographic findings including the thickness and distribution of the intestinal lesion, the integrity of intestinal wall layering, regional lymph node thickness, the location of the intestinal segment involved, and regional motility were evaluated. Dogs with intestinal tumor had wall thickness (1.5 cm) significantly greater than dogs with NSE lesions (0.6 cm; p < 0.001). Ninety-nine percent of dogs with intestinal tumor had loss of wall layering while 88% of dogs with NSE had normal or altered wall layering (p < 0.001). Dogs with NSE were significantly more likely to have diffuse lesion (72%) than dogs with intestinal tumor (2%; p < 0.001). Lymph node median thickness in 24/61 dogs with NSE was 1.00 cm. The median thickness of the lymph nodes in 56/89 dogs with intestinal tumors was 1.9 cm. A multivariate analysis showed that loss of wall layering alone was an excellent predictive factor in differentiating intestinal tumor from NSE. In our population, dogs with loss of intestinal wall layering were 50.9 times more likely to have a tumor than enteritis.  相似文献   

2.
The ultrasonographic findings in 20 dogs with 25 healing enterotomy and enterectomy sites resulting from the removal of foreign material or correction of intussusceptions are presented. In this prospective study, dogs had preoperative abdominal ultrasound examinations followed by sequential sonographic examinations on the first, third, sixth, and 10th days postenterotomy or enterectomy with an additional sonographic examination after 20 days postoperatively. Documented sonographic features included length and maximal intestinal wall thickness of the enterotomy or enterectomy sites, echogenicity of omental/mesenteric fat, amount of free gas and abdominal effusion, and gastrointestinal motility. Sonographically, 57% of enterotomies and 100% of enterectomies were visualized. Pneumoperitoneum, hyperechoic omental/mesenteric fat, and abdominal effusion did not appreciably hamper evaluation of the intestinal surgical site. Absent wall layering at the surgical site was noted in 96% of dogs at day 1 postoperatively. At the final sonographic examination, wall layering remained altered to absent in 100% of dogs and normal thickness was noted in only 20% of dogs. The median maximal wall thickness was 7 and 8 mm for enterotomies and enterectomies respectively, which occurred between days 1 and 3 and days 3 and 6 postoperatively. Effusion and increased echogenicity of omental/mesenteric fat localized to the surgical site were noted in 42% and 60% of dogs respectively at day 1 postoperatively, with resolution noted between days 3 and 10 postoperatively in 92% and 80% of dogs. Generalized abdominal effusion and pneumoperitoneum were seen in 100% of dogs immediately postoperatively and resolved in 80% by day 10.  相似文献   

3.
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4.
OBJECTIVES: To establish whether the intestinal wall thickness, as measured ultrasonographically, is significantly increased in dogs with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The results would provide the information necessary to decide whether measurement of ultrasonographic wall thickness can predict IBD in dogs. METHODS: The intestinal wall thickness of 75 dogs with idiopathic IBD, as measured by ultrasonography, was compared with recently published normal values. IBD was either confirmed histologically (n = 54) or suspected (n = 21). In all cases there was a positive response to immunosuppressive treatment. RESULTS: A positive association between intestinal wall thickness in dogs and either the histological diagnosis or the response to treatment was not found. Ultrasonographic intestinal wall measurements do not appear to be able to establish a diagnosis of intestinal inflammation and may result in a false negative diagnosis in cases of IBD. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE: The same 'grey zone' of between 4 and 6 mm used in humans can be used in the canine duodenum to distinguish the normal range, reserving the term 'abnormal' for an intestinal measurement greater than 6 mm in the duodenum and greater than 4.7 mm in the jejunum.  相似文献   

5.
Small cell intestinal lymphoma has not been well characterized in dogs. The objective of this study was to describe clinical characteristics and outcome in dogs with small cell intestinal lymphoma. We hypothesized that affected dogs would have prolonged survival compared with high‐grade gastrointestinal (GI) lymphoma. Pathology records were searched for dogs with histologically confirmed small cell GI lymphoma. Seventeen dogs with confirmed small cell intestinal lymphoma were identified, and clinical and outcome data were retrospectively collected. Histopathology was reviewed by a board‐certified pathologist, and tissue sections were subjected to immunophenotyping and molecular clonality assessment. All dogs had small cell, T‐cell, lymphoma confirmed within various regions of small intestine, with 1 dog also having disease in abdominal lymph nodes. All dogs had clinical signs attributable to GI disease; diarrhoea (n = 13) was most common. Ultrasonographic abnormalities were present in 8 of 13 dogs with abnormal wall layering (n = 7) and hyperechoic mucosal striations (n = 7) representing the most common findings. In total, 14 dogs received some form of treatment. The median survival time (MST) for all dogs was 279 days and the MST for the 14 dogs that received any treatment was 628 days. Dogs with anaemia and weight loss at presentation had significantly shorter survival times and dogs that received a combination of steroids and an alkylating agent had significantly longer survival times. Small cell, T‐cell, intestinal lymphoma is a distinct disease process in dogs, and those undergoing treatment may experience prolonged survival.  相似文献   

6.
Objective— To describe a surgical technique for resection of the entire bladder neck, including the trigone and proximal urethra in dogs with invasive tumors causing life-threatening urinary tract obstruction.
Study Design— Clinical case reports.
Animals— Dogs (n=2) with bladder tumors.
Methods— Circumferential excision of the bladder neck and proximal urethra with preservation of the neurovascular pedicles was performed to remove a rhabdomyosarcoma (dog 1) and a transitional cell carcinoma (dog 2) involving the trigone and bladder neck that were causing urinary tract obstruction. Reconstruction of the bladder and proximal urethra included bilateral ureteroneocystostomy. Adjuvant chemotherapy was administered postoperatively to both dogs.
Results— Postoperatively, dogs 1 and 2 were continent after 7 and 17 days, respectively, and regained normal urinary function after resolution of a transient pollakiuria. Dog 1 had no evidence of local or regional recurrence; however, a large solitary pulmonary metastatic lesion was diagnosed 8 months later. The dog was euthanatized despite a lack of clinical signs. Dog 2 had at least 1 metastatic lesion in the abdominal wall 6 months later and was euthanatized at 580 days because of renal failure.
Conclusion— En-bloc removal of the bladder neck and proximal urethra with preservation of the dorsal vascular and nervous pedicles, although a technically challenging procedure, can be performed without associated urinary incontinence or bladder wall necrosis.
Clinical Relevance— In dogs with invasive bladder tumors causing life-threatening urinary tract obstruction, resection of the bladder neck and proximal urethra should be considered as a promising surgical alternative to urinary diversion.  相似文献   

7.
Ultrasonographic appearance of primary gastric neoplasia in 21 dogs   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
The ultrasonographic findings in 21 dogs with histologically confirmed primary gastric neoplasia were reviewed. Location, shape of the gastric lesion, evidence of gastric wall thickening, wall layers affected, presence of ulceration, evidence of extension through the gastric wall and lymphadenopathy were recorded. Twelve dogs with carcinoma shared many ultrasonographic features with six dogs that had lymphoma, the majority having sessile masses that appeared to involve all layers of the gastric wall; many also had evidence of ulceration and lymphadenopathy. Signs of extension of the lesion through the serosal surface of the stomach were identified ultrasonographically only in dogs with carcinoma. In contrast, three dogs with leiomyoma or leiomyosarcoma each had a focal mass affecting the gastric antrum, and lymphadenopathy was not identified ultrasonographically in these dogs. Even without any specific patient preparation, ultrasonography enables a morphological assessment of gastric neoplasms that may prompt a tentative diagnosis of gastric neoplasia and stimulate further investigation.  相似文献   

8.
Thirty-five dogs with appendicular osteosarcoma underwent amputation and chemotherapy with cisplatin and doxorubicin every 21 days for up to four cycles. Sixteen dogs completed all four cycles. Two dogs had therapy discontinued because of metastases. The remaining 17 dogs experienced toxicities necessitating protocol alteration or discontinuation. The median survival time of 300 days was not improved over previously reported single-agent protocols, but the 10 dogs that survived to a year lived a median of 510 days.  相似文献   

9.
Many chemotherapeutic regimens will induce remission in dogs with lymphoma, but almost all dogs suffer relapse. Mitoxantrone was selected for evaluation as single-agent chemotherapy for relapsing canine lymphoma based on its use in humans undergoing salvage chemotherapy for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and its tumoricidal effect against canine lymphoma. Dogs entered into study had multicentric lymphoma, and all had been treated solely with a standard combination chemotherapy protocol. At 1st relapse, all dogs were again staged and underwent lymph node biopsy. Mitoxantrone was administered IV at 6 mg/m2 every 21 days. Dogs were evaluated for lymphadenopathy before each dose of mitoxantrone. Fifteen dogs were entered into study. The average age (±SEM) of the dogs studied was 7.7 ± 0.91 years, and most dogs were large (mean ± SEM weight, 24.44 ± 2.15 kg). Twelve dogs (80%) had B-cell lymphoma, and 3 had T-cell lymphoma. Dogs were staged IV (n = 12) or V (n = 3). The median duration of chemotherapy before entry into the study was 98 days. Overall median duration of response after mitoxantrone chemotherapy was 21 days. Complete responses were attained in 7 of 15 dogs (47%) with a median response duration of 84 days. Nine of 15 (60%) dogs attained a complete remission with additional chemotherapy after failing mitoxantrone chemotherapy. Mild toxicities were observed after mitoxantrone administration. No adverse reactions were observed during mitoxantrone infusions. The results of this study demonstrate that mitoxantrone, as a single agent, has limited value for dogs with lymphoma at 1st relapse after conventional multidrug chemotherapy.  相似文献   

10.
Ultrasonographic intestinal muscularis thickening has not been described as an imaging feature of canine inflammatory bowel disease. In this retrospective case series, patients were identified by searching sonographic reports for “muscularis” and/or “muscular layer.” Patients were included if small intestinal muscularis thickening was reported, and sonographic images and histopathological samples of the small intestine were available for review. Cases with small intestines nodules, masses, or complete loss of wall layering were excluded. Sonographic images were retrospectively evaluated for jejunal muscularis layer thickness, and ratios of intestinal layer measurements were performed. Histological samples were retrospectively reviewed. Thirteen dogs met inclusion criteria: all dogs had sonographic intestinal muscularis thickening relative to the submucosa (>1.0, range of 1.3–2.5), and most dogs had muscular layer thickness above normal published ranges (11/13; all 13/13 above the weight-specific mean). More than half of the patients had overall normal wall thickness (11/13) and several had normal mucosal echogenicity (6/13). Therefore, in some dogs, the only sonographic abnormality in the small intestine was muscularis thickening. No dogs had lymphadenomegaly. Endoscopic partial-thickness (n = 11, duodenum and/or ileum) or surgical full-thickness (n = 2) samples confirmed inflammatory bowel disease. Direct comparison between jejunum sonographic characteristics and histology features was limited due to both partial thickness biopsies and lack of direct comparison between anatomical locations of ultrasonographic assessment and biopsy site. However, no cases that met the inclusion criteria had normal small intestinal histology. Comparable to cats, dogs with ultrasonographic intestinal muscularis thickening may have inflammatory bowel disease, and further workup for enteropathy is indicated.  相似文献   

11.
Fifteen dogs with appendicular osteosarcoma (presumptive diagnosis, n = 6 dogs; biopsy confirmed, n = 9 dogs) were treated with palliative radiotherapy. Treatment entailed a total of three 10 Gy fractions of 60Co radiation delivered over a three week period on days 0, 7 and 21, for a total dose of 30 Gy. Twelve dogs experienced improvement in limb function 7–22 days after the start of treatment. Long term followup was available for nine of the twelve responders. The duration of response was 17–288 days (n = 9 dogs; median = 130 days; mean = 116 days). Response duration did not appear to be related to initial tumor size. Palliative radiotherapy can result in improved limb function in dogs with appendicular osteosarcoma.  相似文献   

12.
Fracture stabilization using circular external skeletal fixation was evaluated in 14 dogs with antebrachial fractures and 11 dogs with crural fractures. Most dogs were consistently weight bearing on the stabilized limb by 3 days following surgery. Although all dogs developed minor wire/pin tract inflammation and eight dogs developed major wire/pin tract inflammation, postoperative lameness was not consistently associated with wire/pin tract complications. Fractures in 23 dogs achieved radiographic union (mean +/- standard deviation [SD], 61 +/- 21 days; median, 57 days) without additional surgery; two dogs required restabilization of their fractures with linear fixators. Twenty of the 21 owners that could be contacted felt their dog had no (n=15) or only a mild (n=5) intermittent lameness at the time of final, long-term (mean +/- SD, 37 +/- 17 months; median, 42 months) assessment.  相似文献   

13.
In this retrospective study, the medical records of 23 dogs with the sonographic feature of small intestinal hyperechoic mucosal striations and an endoscopic or surgical intestinal biopsy were reviewed. Histopathologic lacteal dilation was present in 96% of dogs with mucosal striations. Sonographic findings associated with mucosal striations included: mild jejunal wall thickening (96%), mild duodenal wall thickening (78%), mucosal speckles (70%), and abdominal effusion (87%). The mucosal striations were diffuse (70%) or multifocal (30%) and did not cause loss of wall layering, except in one dog with a severe mural lipogranuloma. Mesenteric lymphadenopathy was identified in 9% of dogs. Thirteen dogs with endoscopic biopsies had mild to moderate villus lacteal dilation and the nine dogs with surgical biopsies had moderate to severe dilation. Inflammatory infiltrates were mild (61%) or moderate (30%) with variable numbers and combinations of cells, including eosinophils (65%), plasma cells (61%), lymphocytes (57%), and neutrophils (30%); one dog had disseminated villus histiocytic sarcoma. The biochemistry changes and clinical signs were consistent with protein-losing enteropathy in 78% of dogs. Hyperechoic mucosal striations in dogs are associated with lacteal dilation and are frequently associated with mucosal inflammation and protein losing enteropathy.  相似文献   

14.
Acute leukaemia (AL) is a bone marrow malignancy of hematopoietic progenitors that historically is poorly responsive to treatment. With the widespread adoption of dose‐intense chemotherapy, more human patients attain long‐term survivals, but whether comparable progress has been made in canine AL is unknown. To investigate this question, medical records from three academic veterinary hospitals were reviewed. Fifty dogs met the criteria for AL, having excess circulating or marrow blasts, a major cytopenia(s), and no substantial lymphadenopathy. Thirty‐six dogs received cytotoxic chemotherapy; 23 achieved a complete or partial response for a median of 56 days (range, 9–218). With failure or relapse, 14 dogs were rescued. Median survival with treatment was poor at 55 days (range, 1–300). Untreated (n = 6) and palliatively‐treated (n = 8) dogs lived a median of 7.5 days. Most dogs developed chemoresistance within weeks of initiating treatment, and consequently, survival times for AL remain disappointingly short.  相似文献   

15.
The clinical and ultrasonographic features of postoperative intestinal entrapment were assessed in five dogs. Four had vomiting and lethargy, and one had peracute collapse and hematochezia. Ultrasonographic findings in four of five dogs were similar, being characterized by focally hyperechoic mesentery and abdominal effusion, surrounding a single loop of amotile and dilated intestine. In some dogs, the affected intestinal loop had a thickened or corrugated wall, or alteration of wall layering. In one dog, the site of entrapment could be directly visualized. In the most severely affected dog, a large volume of echogenic peritoneal effusion was present, as well as fluid dilation of multiple intestinal loops. The ultrasonographic appearance of intestinal entrapment is similar to that of intestinal perforation or infarction by other causes.  相似文献   

16.
The case records of 80 dogs in which idiopathic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) had been diagnosed were reviewed, and owners were contacted for follow-up information using a telephone questionnaire. The types of IBD encountered were lymphocytic (n=6), lymphocytic-plasmacytic (n=38), eosinophilic (n=6) and mixed inflammation (n=30). Prednisolone, sulphasalazine, metronidazole and tylosin were the most frequently prescribed medications. At follow-up, 21 dogs (26 per cent) were classified as being in remission (for a median of 14 months), 40 dogs (50 per cent) had intermittent clinical signs (for a median of 17 months) and three dogs (4 per cent) had uncontrolled disease (for a median of 19 months). Ten dogs (13 per cent) had been euthanased due to refractory IBD and four of these had entered remission for a median of 21 months prior to developing severe relapse and refractoriness to further treatment. Six dogs (8 per cent) had been euthanased or had died for reasons unrelated to IBD. Hypoalbuminaemia at the time of diagnosis was significantly associated with a negative outcome (P=0.0007). No association was found between the site (P=0.75), type (P=0.44) and severity (P=0.75) of disease. Dietary change to single protein and carbohydrate commercial diets had no association with outcome (P=0.12). Owner assessment of quality of life at follow-up was significantly associated with outcome (P=0.006).  相似文献   

17.
Micronodular ultrasound lesions have been detected in the colonic submucosa of dogs and cats at our hospital. The lesions had rounded/oval shapes, measured 1–3 mm in size, and exhibited a hypo/anechoic ultrasonographic pattern. To our knowledge, these lesions have not been previously reported in human or veterinary patients. The purpose of this retrospective study was to determine whether micronodular lesions were associated with other abdominal ultrasound abnormalities or clinical findings. Medical records of dogs and cats with sonographic reports describing micronodular lesions within the colonic submucosa were reviewed. Concurrent ultrasonographic abnormalities were recorded and compared with clinical sidgns and follow‐up data. A total of 42 dogs and 14 cats met inclusion criteria. Concurrent sonographic abnormalities included the following: increased colon wall thickness (12.5%); small bowel wall thickening, altered layering, and/or hyperechoic mucosa (45%); abdominal effusion (29%); caudal mesenteric lymphadenopathy (46%); mesenteric lymphadenopathy (27%); and pericolic peritoneal fat reactivity (9%). Fifty of 56 animals presented with diarrhea. Twenty‐seven cases had clinical signs of colitis and ultrasonographic lesions were limited to the colonic submucosa. In nine cases, follow‐up examination at 6–8 weeks showed resolution of clinical and ultrasonographic signs. Ultrasonographic and clinical examinations in 17 patients at 12–18 months and in 20 patients at 18–30 months from initial diagnosis showed resolution of submucosal lesions and clinical signs of enteropathy. The authors propose that micronodular submucosal ultrasound lesions may represent reactive intraparietal lymphoid follicles and may be indicators of colonic inflammatory diseases in dogs and cats.  相似文献   

18.
Canine primary pulmonary carcinomas (PCCs) are commonly treated with surgery with overall median survival times (MST) around a year; however, due to extent of disease, prognosis, or client preference, alternative treatments have been considered. Stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) has been utilized in human cancer patients for local control of lung tumours as a surgical alternative. Twenty-one PCCs in 19 dogs that received SBRT for local control were retrospectively evaluated. Dogs were staged according to the canine lung carcinoma stage classification (CLCSC) system with three as Stage 1, five as Stage 2, three as Stage 3, and eight as Stage 4. Overall MST was 343 days with 38% of patients alive at 1 year. Stage did not significantly impact survival time (p = .72). Five (26%) dogs had lymphadenopathy and MST was not significantly different from dogs without lymphadenopathy (343 vs. 353 days; p = .54). Five out of 18 evaluable dogs (28%) experienced acute lung VRTOG effects and 2 of 12 dogs (17%) experienced late lung VRTOG effects. Median lung dose, V5, V20, and D30 to the lung did not correlate significantly with the development of adverse radiation events. Twelve dogs had follow-up imaging and the best response included a complete response (17%), partial response (42%), and stable disease (42%). Progressive disease was noted in seven dogs a median of 229 days after SBRT. SBRT was documented to be a safe and effective alternative to surgery and may have survival advantages for Stage 3 or 4 dogs according to the CLCSC.  相似文献   

19.
Oscar  Ramirez  III  DVM  Richard K.  Dodge  MS  Rodney L.  Page  DVM  MS  G. Sylvester  Price  DVM  PhD  Marlene L.  Hauck  DVM  PhD  Tracy A.  Ladue  DVM Felicia  Nutter  DVM  Donald E.  Thrall  DVM  PhD 《Veterinary radiology & ultrasound》1999,40(5):517-522
Ninety-five dogs with either a presumptive (n = 24) or biopsy confirmed diagnosis (n = 71) of osteosarcoma received palliative radiotherapy using 60Co photons. Parallel opposed beams were used with each dog receiving either 10 Gy on days 0, 7 and 21 (n = 58) or 8 Gy on days 0 and 7 (n = 37). The 8 Gy fractionation scheme was given with the intent of retreating upon relapse from pain relief. Only 9 of 37 (24%) dogs in the 8 Gy group returned for retreatment. Forty-seven of the 95 dogs (49%) received concurrent or sequential chemotherapy. Seventy of the 95 dogs (74%) experienced pain relief following treatment. In dogs experiencing pain relief the median duration of response was 73 days. Numerous clinical variables were evaluated as predictors of response. The only variable significantly related to achieving a response was the use of chemotherapy. The following variables were significantly related to the duration of response: extent of bone lysis, chemotherapy use, length of bone involved and tumor site (humerus). In a multivariate analysis (n = 73 dogs), after adjusting for chemotherapy use, extent of bone involvement (p = 0.01) and tumor site (p = 0.02) retained statistical significance, while degree of bone lysis did not (p = 0.11). No difference in response incidence or duration was found between 3 fractions of 10 Gy vs. 2 fractions of 8 Gy. Administration of a low initial dose with the intent of retreatment was not a successful strategy.  相似文献   

20.
The efficacy and toxicity of CCNU (1-[2-chloroethyl]3-cyclohexyl-1-nitrosourea) were evaluated in 23 dogs with measurable mast cell tumors (MCT). Twenty-two dogs had cutaneous MCT and 1 dog had an intranasal MCT Nineteen (83%) dogs had biopsy of their original mass performed and 4 (17%) had aspiration cytology of masses. Of the 19 tumors histologically graded, 1 (5%) neoplasm was classified as grade I, 10 (53%) were grade II, and the remaining 8 (42%) were grade III. Dogs were treated with CCNU at a dosage of 90 mg/m2 body surface area every 3 weeks. Response could be evaluated in 19 dogs. Eight of the 19 dogs (42%) had a measurable response to CCNU. One dog had a durable complete response for 440 days. Seven dogs (37%) had a partial response for a median and mean duration of 77 days and 109 days, respectively (range, 21-254 days). Treatment with CCNU resulted in stable disease in 6 dogs (32%) for a median and mean duration of 78 days and 122 days, respectively (range, 42-347 days). The acute dose-limiting toxicity was neutropenia 7 days after administration of CCNU. The median and mean neutrophil counts 7 days after CCNU were 1,452 cells/microL and 1,683 cells/microL, respectively (n = 17). Other toxicoses were uncommon. CCNU should be considered an active agent in the treatment of MCT in dogs.  相似文献   

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