共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 62 毫秒
1.
Yarovinsky F Zhang D Andersen JF Bannenberg GL Serhan CN Hayden MS Hieny S Sutterwala FS Flavell RA Ghosh S Sher A 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2005,308(5728):1626-1629
Mammalian Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play an important role in the innate recognition of pathogens by dendritic cells (DCs). Although TLRs are clearly involved in the detection of bacteria and viruses, relatively little is known about their function in the innate response to eukaryotic microorganisms. Here we identify a profilin-like molecule from the protozoan parasite Toxoplasma gondii that generates a potent interleukin-12 (IL-12) response in murine DCs that is dependent on myeloid differentiation factor 88. T. gondii profilin activates DCs through TLR11 and is the first chemically defined ligand for this TLR. Moreover, TLR11 is required in vivo for parasite-induced IL-12 production and optimal resistance to infection, thereby establishing a role for the receptor in host recognition of protozoan pathogens. 相似文献
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Macpherson AJ Gatto D Sainsbury E Harriman GR Hengartner H Zinkernagel RM 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2000,288(5474):2222-2226
The immunoglobulin A (IgA) is produced to defend mucosal surfaces from environmental organisms, but host defenses against the very heavy load of intestinal commensal microorganisms are poorly understood. The IgA against intestinal commensal bacterial antigens was analyzed; it was not simply "natural antibody" but was specifically induced and responded to antigenic changes within an established gut flora. In contrast to IgA responses against exotoxins, a significant proportion of this specific anti-commensal IgA induction was through a pathway that was independent of T cell help and of follicular lymphoid tissue organization, which may reflect an evolutionarily primitive form of specific immune defense. 相似文献
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Although microbes have been classically viewed as pathogens, it is now well established that the majority of host-bacterial interactions are symbiotic. During development and into adulthood, gut bacteria shape the tissues, cells, and molecular profile of our gastrointestinal immune system. This partnership, forged over many millennia of coevolution, is based on a molecular exchange involving bacterial signals that are recognized by host receptors to mediate beneficial outcomes for both microbes and humans. We explore how specific aspects of the adaptive immune system are influenced by intestinal commensal bacteria. Understanding the molecular mechanisms that mediate symbiosis between commensal bacteria and humans may redefine how we view the evolution of adaptive immunity and consequently how we approach the treatment of numerous immunologic disorders. 相似文献
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The enormous number of commensal bacteria in the lower intestine of vertebrates share abundant molecular patterns used for innate immune recognition of pathogenic bacteria. We show that, even though commensals are rapidly killed by macrophages, intestinal dendritic cells (DCs) can retain small numbers of live commensals for several days. This allows DCs to selectively induce IgA, which helps protect against mucosal penetration by commensals. The commensal-loaded DCs are restricted to the mucosal immune compartment by the mesenteric lymph nodes, which ensures that immune responses to commensal bacteria are induced locally, without potentially damaging systemic immune responses. 相似文献
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Sawa S Cherrier M Lochner M Satoh-Takayama N Fehling HJ Langa F Di Santo JP Eberl G 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2010,330(6004):665-669
Lymphoid tissue-inducer (LTi) cells initiate the development of lymphoid tissues through the activation of local stromal cells in a process similar to inflammation. LTi cells express the nuclear hormone receptor RORγt, which also directs the expression of the proinflammatory cytokine interleukin-17 in T cells. We show here that LTi cells are part of a larger family of proinflammatory RORγt(+) innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) that differentiate from distinct fetal liver RORγt(+) precursors. The fate of RORγt(+) ILCs is determined by mouse age, and after birth, favors the generation of cells involved in intestinal homeostasis and defense. Contrary to RORγt(+) T cells, however, RORγt(+) ILCs develop in the absence of microbiota. Our study indicates that RORγt(+) ILCs evolve to preempt intestinal colonization by microbial symbionts. 相似文献
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【目的】研究猪圆环病毒2型(porcine circovirus type2,PCV2)感染PK-15细胞后调控β-干扰素(interferon-β,IFN-β)生成的信号通路,为猪圆环病毒病的发生机理和防治提供理论基础。【方法】将PK-15细胞随机分成5组:对照组、PCV2组、BX795(TBK1/IKKε抑制剂)组、BAY 11-7082(NF-κB抑制剂)组和BX795+BAY11-7082(混合抑制剂)组。BX795组、BAY 11-7082组、BX795+BAY 11-7082组分别用0.5μmol BX795、5μmol BAY11-7082、0.5μmol BX795+5μmol BAY 11-7082预先处理1 h,然后感染PCV2。于感染后3、12、24、48和72 h收集细胞,提取RNA。用荧光定量PCR检测IFN-β、模式识别受体(TLR3、TLR9、RIG-1、MDA-5、DAI)、接头蛋白(TRIF、MyD88、Sting、MAVS、IRF3)的mRNA 含量。【结果】PCV2感染PK-15细胞后,IFN-β的mRNA 含量在48、72 h显著升高(P0.01),表明PCV2感染可以诱导PK-15细胞生成IFN-β;TLR3的mRNA 含量在48 h显著升高(P0.01),TLR9的表达量在48、72 h显著升高(P0.01);TLR3和TLR9下游的接头蛋白MyD88和TRIF的mRNA 含量在48 h显著升高(P0.01),表明PCV2激活了Toll样受体介导的NF-κB信号途径;MDA-5的mRNA 含量在48、72 h显著升高(P0.01),RIG-1的mRNA 含量在72 h显著升高(P0.01),MDA-5和RIG-1下游的接头蛋白MAVS、Sting、IRF3的mRNA 含量在48 h显著升高(P0.01),表明PCV2激活了RIG-1样受体介导的IRF3信号途径;DAI的mRNA 含量在48、72 h显著升高(P0.01),表明PCV2亦激活了DNA模式识别受体介导的IRF3信号途径;分别用BX795和BAY 11-7082抑制IRF3和NF-κB介导的信号通路,结果显示NF-κB抑制剂组的IFN-β的mRNA 含量与PCV2组相比无显著性差异(P0.05),TBK1/IKKε抑制剂组的IFN-β的mRNA 含量与PCV2组相比明显下降(P0.05),表明PCV2诱导IFN-β的产生主要由IRF3信号途径调控。【结论】PCV2感染可以诱导PK-15细胞中IFN-β表达量的上调,其上调主要与IRF3信号通路有关。 相似文献
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In higher metazoans, phagocytosis is essential in host defense against microbial pathogens and in clearance of apoptotic cells. Both microbial and apoptotic cells are delivered on a common route from phagosomes to lysosomes for degradation. Here, we found that activation of the Toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling pathway by bacteria, but not apoptotic cells, regulated phagocytosis at multiple steps including internalization and phagosome maturation. Phagocytosis of bacteria was impaired in the absence of TLR signaling. Two modes of phagosome maturation were observed, constitutive and inducible; their differential engagement depended on the ability of the cargo to trigger TLR signaling. 相似文献
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小鼠Toll样受体9基因的克隆、表达及其活性的初步鉴定 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
从小鼠巨噬细胞中提取细胞总RNA,采用RT-PCR技术扩增小鼠Toll样受体9(mTLR9)cDNA,构建真核表达质粒p3XFLAG-CMV-7.1-mTLR9,转染293T细胞,利用Western Blotting检测蛋白表达,并用双荧光素酶报告基因系统检测mTLR9对其介导的信号通路下游转录因子NF-κB转录活性影响.结果表明,本试验成功克隆到小鼠TLR9cDNA,构建的重组体转染细胞后表达的蛋白分子质量与预计相符,并能激活下游转录因子NF-κB的转录活性. 相似文献
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[目的]建立Toll样受体3(TLR3)基因缺失的小鼠巨噬细胞RAW264.7细胞系,为探索狂犬病毒感染机体过程中TLR3在固有免疫反应中的作用机制提供理论依据.[方法]采用Golden Gate Kit试剂盒组装转录激活样效应因子核酸酶(TALEN)打靶载体pTALEN-TLR3,经酶切和测序验证其连接正确后,通过脂质体瞬时转染RAW264.7细胞,转染后提取细胞DNA,用T7核酸内切酶酶切验证TALEN质粒剪切活性.[结果]TALENs左右臂分两部分连接,首先完成A、B部分的各自连接,然后分别将T1LA与T1LB、T1RA与T1RB、T2LA与T2LB、T2RA与T2RB连接,TALEN模块经过两次连接后的PCR鉴定结果显示,T1L、T1R和T2L的4个克隆均呈阳性,T2R有3个克隆呈阳性.T2L和T2R质粒共转染RAW264.7细胞后提取DNA为模板,经PCR扩增后用T7核酸内切酶进行酶切,酶切后的DNA电泳结果显示TALEN2剪切活性较强,共获得3条条带(931、555和376 bp).TALEN打靶载体pTALEN-TLR3转染RAW264.7细胞24 h后用胰酶进行消化,并加入800μg/mL G418进行筛选,7 d后获得细胞单克隆;挑选阳性细胞克隆进行T7核酸内切酶酶切鉴定及测序,结果发现4-1和4-40号细胞克隆为双敲细胞系,均缺失7 bp的核苷酸碱基,为非3整数倍碱基缺失,可造成后续基因移码突变,使细胞基因功能失活.[结论]通过TALEN技术可成功构建TLR3基因双敲除的小鼠巨噬细胞RAW264.7TLR3-/-细胞系,且可用于狂犬病毒感染细胞后细胞因子和TLR3间的关系研究. 相似文献
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Olszak T An D Zeissig S Vera MP Richter J Franke A Glickman JN Siebert R Baron RM Kasper DL Blumberg RS 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2012,336(6080):489-493
Exposure to microbes during early childhood is associated with protection from immune-mediated diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and asthma. Here, we show that in germ-free (GF) mice, invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells accumulate in the colonic lamina propria and lung, resulting in increased morbidity in models of IBD and allergic asthma as compared with that of specific pathogen-free mice. This was associated with increased intestinal and pulmonary expression of the chemokine ligand CXCL16, which was associated with increased mucosal iNKT cells. Colonization of neonatal-but not adult-GF mice with a conventional microbiota protected the animals from mucosal iNKT accumulation and related pathology. These results indicate that age-sensitive contact with commensal microbes is critical for establishing mucosal iNKT cell tolerance to later environmental exposures. 相似文献
12.
CX3CR1-mediated dendritic cell access to the intestinal lumen and bacterial clearance 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Niess JH Brand S Gu X Landsman L Jung S McCormick BA Vyas JM Boes M Ploegh HL Fox JG Littman DR Reinecker HC 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2005,307(5707):254-258
Dendritic cells (DCs) and macrophages are critical to innate and adaptive immunity to the intestinal bacterial microbiota. Here, we identify a myeloid-derived mucosal DC in mice, which populates the entire lamina propria of the small intestine. Lamina propria DCs were found to depend on the chemokine receptor CX3CR1 to form transepithelial dendrites, which enable the cells to directly sample luminal antigens. CX3CR1 was also found to control the clearance of entero-invasive pathogens by DCs. Thus, CX3CR1-dependent processes, which control host interactions of specialized DCs with commensal and pathogenic bacteria, may regulate immunological tolerance and inflammation. 相似文献
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M Oldenburg A Krüger R Ferstl A Kaufmann G Nees A Sigmund B Bathke H Lauterbach M Suter S Dreher U Koedel S Akira T Kawai J Buer H Wagner S Bauer H Hochrein CJ Kirschning 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2012,337(6098):1111-1115
Host protection from infection relies on the recognition of pathogens by innate pattern-recognition receptors such as Toll-like receptors (TLRs). Here, we show that the orphan receptor TLR13 in mice recognizes a conserved 23S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) sequence that is the binding site of macrolide, lincosamide, and streptogramin group (MLS) antibiotics (including erythromycin) in bacteria. Notably, 23S rRNA from clinical isolates of erythromycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and synthetic oligoribonucleotides carrying methylated adenosine or a guanosine mimicking a MLS resistance-causing modification failed to stimulate TLR13. Thus, our results reveal both a natural TLR13 ligand and specific mechanisms of antibiotic resistance as potent bacterial immune evasion strategy, avoiding recognition via TLR13. 相似文献
15.
Mora JR Iwata M Eksteen B Song SY Junt T Senman B Otipoby KL Yokota A Takeuchi H Ricciardi-Castagnoli P Rajewsky K Adams DH von Andrian UH 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2006,314(5802):1157-1160
Normal intestinal mucosa contains abundant immunoglobulin A (IgA)-secreting cells, which are generated from B cells in gut-associated lymphoid tissues (GALT). We show that dendritic cells (DC) from GALT induce T cell-independent expression of IgA and gut-homing receptors on B cells. GALT-DC-derived retinoic acid (RA) alone conferred gut tropism but could not promote IgA secretion. However, RA potently synergized with GALT-DC-derived interleukin-6 (IL-6) or IL-5 to induce IgA secretion. Consequently, mice deficient in the RA precursor vitamin A lacked IgA-secreting cells in the small intestine. Thus, GALT-DC shape mucosal immunity by modulating B cell migration and effector activity through synergistically acting mediators. 相似文献
16.
Activation of polyphosphoinositide hydrolysis in T cells by H-2 alloantigen but not MLS determinants 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
Murine minor lymphocyte-stimulating (Mls) determinants are cell surface antigens that stimulate strong primary T cell responses; the responding T cells display restricted T cell receptor (TCR) V beta gene usage. Interaction of T cells with mitogens or major histocompatibility complex (MHC) antigens activated the polyphosphoinositide (PI) signaling pathway, but this pathway was not triggered by Mls recognition. However, interleukin-2 (IL-2) secretion and proliferation to all three stimuli were comparable. Thus, although recognition of both allo-H-2 and Mls determinants is thought to be mediated by the TCR, these antigens appear to elicit biochemically distinct signal transduction pathways. 相似文献
17.
Follicle-associated epithelium (FAE) in the intestinal Peyer's patches contains M cells that deliver pathogens to organized lymphoid tissue. Development of Peyer's patches, FAE, and M cells was found to be impaired in mice that had no B cells. Transgenic expression of membrane-bound immunoglobulin M restored B cells and FAE development. The lack of M cells abrogated infection with a milk-borne retrovirus. Thus, in addition to secretion of antibodies and presentation of antigens, B cells are important for organogenesis of the mucosal immune barriers. 相似文献
18.
Nougayrède JP Homburg S Taieb F Boury M Brzuszkiewicz E Gottschalk G Buchrieser C Hacker J Dobrindt U Oswald E 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2006,313(5788):848-851
Transient infection of eukaryotic cells with commensal and extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli of phylogenetic group B2 blocks mitosis and induces megalocytosis. This trait is linked to a widely spread genomic island that encodes giant modular nonribosomal peptide and polyketide synthases. Contact with E. coli expressing this gene cluster causes DNA double-strand breaks and activation of the DNA damage checkpoint pathway, leading to cell cycle arrest and eventually to cell death. Discovery of hybrid peptide-polyketide genotoxins in E. coli will change our view on pathogenesis and commensalism and open new biotechnological applications. 相似文献
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Yamamoto M Sato S Hemmi H Hoshino K Kaisho T Sanjo H Takeuchi O Sugiyama M Okabe M Takeda K Akira S 《Science (New York, N.Y.)》2003,301(5633):640-643
Stimulation of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) triggers activation of a common MyD88-dependent signaling pathway as well as a MyD88-independent pathway that is unique to TLR3 and TLR4 signaling pathways leading to interferon (IFN)-beta production. Here we disrupted the gene encoding a Toll/IL-1 receptor (TIR) domain-containing adaptor, TRIF. TRIF-deficient mice were defective in both TLR3- and TLR4-mediated expression of IFN-beta and activation of IRF-3. Furthermore, inflammatory cytokine production in response to the TLR4 ligand, but not to other TLR ligands, was severely impaired in TRIF-deficient macrophages. Mice deficient in both MyD88 and TRIF showed complete loss of nuclear factor kappa B activation in response to TLR4 stimulation. These findings demonstrate that TRIF is essential for TLR3- and TLR4-mediated signaling pathways facilitating mammalian antiviral host defense. 相似文献