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1.
硝酸钙和IAA对温州蜜柑果实钙含量及其品质的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在花期、花后1周、3周、采前2周对龟井蜜柑进行Ca(NO3)2、IAA和IAA+Ca(NO3)2喷布处理,同时测定了不同发育时期各处理果实钙含量及其采后果实的主要品质,并与采后浸钙处理和完熟采收果实品质进行了对比分析,结果表明:1)各处理的果皮钙含量在花后51d和112d均有所提高,但此期整个果实钙含量并无显著性差异,采收时各处理整个果实和果肉钙含量均显著高于对照;2)采收时各处理果实的可溶性固形物和可滴定酸均显著低于对照,可溶性糖、单果重、果皮色差值和相对电导率与对照无显著性差异,各处理糖酸比显著高于对照;3)采后30d时IAA+Ca(NO3)2喷布和采后浸钙处理果实的维生素C及完熟采收果实的可溶性固形物和可溶性糖均显著高于对照和其他处理。 相似文献
2.
This study was conducted to evaluate the influences of foliar spray of potassium (K), calcium (Ca), and their combination on the fruit red skin color and quality attributes of ‘Red Delicious’ apple under conditions of south central Iran with warm and dry summer, where low and high temperature differences are low. The trees were sprayed five times using 5 g L–1 calcium chloride (CaCl2) at 3-week intervals starting from 3 weeks after full bloom and three times (at 9, 12, and 15 weeks after full bloom) using 2.5 g L–1 K sources [potassium chloride (KCl), potassium sulfate (K2SO4), and potassium nitrate (KNO3)] during two growing seasons in 2013 and 2014. Anthocyanin, some physicochemical attributes, and fruit mineral concentrations were measured at harvest. Results showed that spraying with K, CaCl2, and their combinations significantly increased fruit weight, sugar and anthocyanin concentrations, firmness, and K uptake. A combined foliar application of CaCl2 and each of the K sources was more effective on the improvement of fruit color, firmness, fruit K and Ca uptake, and K/Ca ratio as compared to the case when either K or Ca was applied alone. 相似文献
3.
钙化合物对苹果疏花疏果的效应 总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11
选用蚁酸钙制剂(CFA)、氯化钙制剂(CCOA)、硝酸钙制剂(CNOA)、丙酸钙制剂(CPA)、氯化钙(CaCl2)、硝酸钙犤Ca(NO3)2犦六种钙化合物对红富士苹果进行了疏花疏果试验。结果表明,以浓度为5～10g/L的蚁酸钙制剂效果最好;喷布两次比一次效果好,第一次在顶芽中心花盛开3d后喷布,第二次在顶芽中心花盛开5d后喷布,这样可确保顶芽中心花不受影响,而使顶芽侧花和腋芽花的结果率同时降低。CFA加用1mL/L的界面活性剂KP-4714,可显著提高疏花效果。所用钙化合物的疏花喷布对幼果生长和成熟果的大小、着色程度、果实品质均无不利影响。浓度为10g/L的氯化钙和硝酸钙处理对新梢生长点和幼叶有药害发生。 相似文献
4.
The aim of this work was to study the time course and pattern of fruit growth and the evolution of some of the chemical attributes such as soluble solids, acidity, and anthocyanin content in Ribes magellanicum plants growing in a natural environment near Ushuaia city, Tierra del Fuego (Argentina). Fruit growth and composition presented significant changes along the days from the full bloom phase. Fresh and dry fruit weight exhibited a typical double sigmoid curve. The first period of rapid fresh fruit growth was from full bloom phase until 28 days after, followed by a lag period until 42 days from the full bloom phase, and then by a second period of rapid increase until 56 days from the full bloom phase. Then, fresh fruit weight increased slowly (days 70–98 from the full bloom phase), reaching its maximum. Afterwards, fresh fruit weight decreased significantly until the end of the summer, and the fruiting period approximately ended 112 days from full bloom phase. On a dry weight basis the maximum fruit biomass was reached 98 days from the full bloom phase. Evolution of fruit growth was related with the compositional changes evaluated. By day 98 from the full bloom phase, soluble solids (17.5°Brix) and anthocyanin content (240.1 mg/100 g fruit fresh weight) were at their maximum, while at this time the total titratable acidity was at a minimum (0.4%). The results obtained not only contribute to the knowledge of the quantitative content of anthocyanin, a metabolite with nutraceutical value, but also give some tools for the definition of the optimal harvest time of R. magellanicum fruits, which it is important for fruit destination. 相似文献
5.
单性结实与自花结实柑橘果实发育中钙钾动态的研究 总被引：12，自引：2，他引：12
对单性结实的‘国庆1 号’温州蜜柑和自花结实的‘华农本地早’橘从开花前子房发育至果实成熟采收期整个子房或幼果及果实的不同部位(果皮和果肉) 的钙与钾含量变化进行了测定。结果表明:1) ‘国庆1 号’花前及花期子房钙含量较高, 花后趋降; 而其钾含量在花前及花期相对较低, 花后上升;2) ‘华农本地早’花前子房钙含量相对较低, 花后有一上升过程; 而对应钾在花前及花期就已很高, 花后下降; 3) 两品种果肉的钙含量自花后65 d 后均呈下降趋势, 而‘国庆1 号’果皮的钙含量在花后80 d 有一显著上升, 对应的‘华农本地早’在花后125 d 才急剧增加, 之后直至果实成熟二者均维持在较高水平;4) 两品种果皮、果肉的钾含量在果实发育过程中均呈类似的下降趋势。 相似文献
6.
Sang-Hyun Lee Jin-Ho Choi Wol-Soo Kim Tae-Ho Han Yong-Seo Park Hirosi Gemma 《Scientia Horticulturae》2006
This study was carried out to investigate the cause of stone cell formation in pear (Pyrus pyrifolia cv. ‘Niitaka’) flesh. Potted plants grown in a glass house were subjected to water stress conditions without irrigation for 30 days from 30 days before full bloom (BFB treatment), full bloom (FB treatment) and 30 days after full bloom (AFB treatment). Control plants were drip-irrigated daily maintaining a soil matrix potential around −40 ± 5 kPa. The formation of stone cells in pear flesh increased in the FB treatment and AFB treatment plants and this tendency was sustained until the harvest season. Root activity was investigated 60 days after full bloom (DAFB) and the triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) reduction potential, the formazan content and leaf water potential were investigated 30, 45, and 60 DAFB. Root activity decreased progressively due to the effect of water stress. Also, the Ca content in leaf and flesh was lower. The peroxidase activity was high in the flesh at the early stages of fruit growth and decreased at the late stages of fruit growth, and then a higher increase of peroxidase activity was observed in water-stressed fruit. The reduction in calcium content of leaf and fruit in plants under water stress may be related to the reduction of root activity and leaf water potential. The increase in peroxidase activity under water stress may be due to limited calcium absorption. Higher peroxidase activity may induce the accumulation of lignin in the cell wall and promote the formation of stone cells in pear flesh. We conclude that water stress condition during the early stages of fruit growth is one of several factors that determine the formation of stone cells in pear flesh. 相似文献
7.
柑橘果实总钙、可溶性Ca~(2+)含量及Ca~(2+)-ATPase活性的季节性变化 总被引：9，自引：1，他引：9
以单性结实的龟井和自花结实的鄂柑1号柑橘品种为材料,对果实的整个发育期的子房(幼果)、果皮和果肉的总钙、可溶性Ca2+含量和Ca2+-ATPase活性进行了测定。结果表明龟井花前至花期子房总钙含量就已很高,花后趋下降,而鄂柑1号花前至花期子房总钙含量相对较低,花后有一显著上升;龟井可溶性Ca2+含量在花期及花后有一明显下降,而对应鄂柑1号在花后却有一显著上升;龟井花前至花期Ca2+-ATPase活性较高,花后下降,而对应鄂柑1号花前较低,花期即始上升;果实增大期内两品种果皮的总钙均趋上升,对应果肉总钙却趋下降;而果皮和果肉的可溶性Ca2+含量和Ca2+-ATPase活性在增大期内均有一明显增长过程或居相对较高水平。 相似文献
8.
吲熟酯对本地早柑桔疏果和果实品质的影响 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
在6年生枳砧本地早盛花后30天,树冠喷布50～400ppm吲熟酯(5-氯代吲唑-8-醋酸乙酯)的疏果率达6.2～30.6％,疏果程度与使用浓度呈线性正相关,果实提早9天着色,可溶性固形物增加0.6～1.0％,含酸量提高0.01～0.12％,增进了果实风味,同时果皮减薄 1～4 mm,可食率增加1～4％,其中以100ppm的效果最佳,200ppm次之。据100ppm处理果果汁测定还能增加氨基酸种类及与果实成熟密切相关的赖氨酸、脯氨酸和精氨酸的含量。盛花后60、80天喷布吲熟酯100ppm均有疏果的作用,但盛花后80天喷布疏果作用较低,两者的果实转色期仅提早5天左右,果实品质不及盛花后30天的各处理。从疏果程度与果实品质两方面考虑,生产上应选盛花后30天喷布吲熟酯100～200ppm为宜。 相似文献
9.
苹果施用硝酸钙的效果 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
通过对苹果树叶面喷和土施试验证明:(1)叶面喷(包括盆栽和田间试验)0.3％Ca液2次,能促进树体生长、增加叶干重、提高树体N、K、Ca等营养元素水平,并明显提高果实产量和品质。在年生育期的前期或后期喷Ca,均能进入果实中,前期进入量高于后期。(2)土施Ca(NO_3)_2,同施用筹N量的尿素相比,叶片中N、P、K、Ca、Fe、Zn等元素含量,均有明显提高,并有增产和提高品质作用。在土施方式中,以Ca(NO_3)_2与有机肥混施为佳,但土施Ca(NO_3)_2对提高果实中Ca含量未显出明显效果。(3)总体效果,土施不如叶喷。 相似文献
10.
套袋对苹果果实钙素吸收与分布的影响 总被引：11，自引：0，他引：11
以红富士苹果(Malus domestica Borkh.cv.Fuji)为试材,进行了套袋处理,以不套袋果实为对照,测定其果实的Ca含量,研究套袋对果实钙素吸收与分布的影响。结果表明,果实套袋后,在花后40～90d,整果钙吸收量高于对照果实;从花后120d开始,对照果实整果钙含量一直高于套袋果实。此外,苹果果实在整个生长发育过程中对Ca都有吸收,花后40d内,苹果果实吸收整果钙含量的20%左右;从花后40d(套袋)到90d,果实钙吸收量迅速升高,对照果实可吸收整果钙含量的66.1%,套纸袋果实可吸收整果钙含量的73.8%;此外,在果实的成熟期仍有少量的钙吸收。果实套袋后,果实各个部分的钙含量变化与对照果实相比,果皮中钙含量明显低于对照果实,而果肉和果心的钙含量却高于对照果实。 相似文献
11.
Aqueous solutions (0, 0.01, 0.1, 1 mM) of PAs (putrescine, spermine, spermidine) containing a surfactant ‘Tween 20’ were sprayed onto panicles of mango (Mangifera indica L. cv. Kensington Pride) at final fruit set (FFS) stage (when all flowers abscised but remain attached to the panicle) during 1999–2001 to investigate their effects on fruit retention, yield, size, and fruit quality. The optimum time of PA application for improving final fruit retention and fruit yield was determined by spraying different concentrations (0, 0.01, 0.1, 1 mM) of spermine (SPM) containing a surfactant ‘Tween 20’ at four phenological stages including flower bud differentiation (FBD), 5–8 cm long grown panicles (GP), full bloom (FB) and at initial fruit set (IFS) stage (when 2/3rd of the flowers were abscised but attached to the panicle) during 2000. Exogenous application of PAs at FFS stage did not significantly increase fruit retention. However, compared to control (0.79 and 2.3% fruit retention), PAs treatments resulted in comparatively higher mean fruit retention (1.53 and 2.92%) during 1999–2000 and 2000–2001, respectively. Among three PAs tested, SPM was more effective in increasing mean final fruit retention. Fruit size was not significantly affected by any PA treatment. Among the four application times, SPM (0.01 mM) spray at FB stage resulted in significantly (P ≤ 0.05) greater fruit retention (4.99%) compared with control (2.1%). However, fruit yield was comparatively higher with SPM (0.01 mM) application at IFS stage or 5–8 cm GP stage compared to the control. Overall FB application was found as the optimum time of application. Application of PAs at FFS stage retarded fruit skin colour development compared to the control. Sugars and total soluble solids (TSS) were generally reduced in PA-treated fruit. Fruit acidity was increased (16.7%) with SPM, whereas it was 11% with PUT treatment as compared to the control. Total carotenoids in pulp were generally improved (49%) with PA treatments, compared to the control. Ascorbic acid concentrations were significantly reduced with spermidine (SPD) (24%) and PUT (20%) treatments, whereas higher concentrations of SPM (1 mM) tended to increase it (12.7%) compared to the control. In conclusion, application of SPM (0.01 mM) at FB stage resulted in the highest fruit retention, whereas SPM (0.01) spray at GP or IFS stage resulted in higher fruit yield. PUT application at FFS stage significantly improved fruit quality by increasing total carotenoid, while reducing acid content of ripe fruit. 相似文献
12.
13.
The effects of hand-pollination and spraying with N-(2-chloro-4-pyridyl)-N′-phenylurea (CPPU) on fruit set and fruit growth of ‘Matsumoto-Wase-Fuyu’, which is a member of the pollination-constant, non-astringent group of persimmons (PCNA) were investigated. Staminate flowers of pollinizers in the orchard were eliminated before anthesis. Hand-pollination was carried out at full bloom (FB). Without prior hand-pollination, CPPU at 5 or 10 mg 1−1 was sprayed 11 days after FB. Hand-pollination and spraying with CPPU increased fruit set before thinning of fruits by hand. The number of fruits after thinning did not differ among treatments. The yield of marketable fruits after hand-pollination was similar to that after treatment at 5 mg 1−1, but was higher than that for untreated trees. Formation of a sunken fruit apex, which was observed in about 30% of fruits from untreated trees, was suppressed by application of CPPU. CPPU also delayed coloration of fruit. There were no differences among treatments in firmness or soluble solids concentrations of marketable fruits. 相似文献
14.
CPPU application on size and quality of hardy kiwifruit 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
For the purpose of determining the appropriate conditions of application to increase the size of a hardy kiwifruit, Actinidia arguta ‘Mitsuko’, N1-(2-chloro-4-pyridyl)-N3-phenylurea (CPPU) was applied at three different growth stages of the crop: at petal fall, 10 and 25 days after petal fall (DAPF), and three different concentrations: 1, 5 and 10 mg l−1. A significant increase in fruit size was obtained by treatment at the concentrations of 5–10 mg l−1 and at 10 DAPF. The fruit weight doubled. Although a significant reduction in the concentrations of total soluble solids (TSS), titratable acids (TA) and ascorbic acid (AsA) in the CPPU-treated fruits was recorded, the TSS/TA ratio and AsA content per fruit increased by the treatment. CPPU application at petal fall induced abnormally protruding fruit tip. 相似文献
15.
Pomegranate fruit is an important source of potentially healthy bioactive compounds and mineral nutrients. Changes in total phenolic compound, concentrations, and levels of macronutrients (P, K, N, Mg, Ca and Na) and micronutrients (Zn, Cu, Mn, Fe and B) in arils and peel of pomegranate fruit were recorded from 10 days after full bloom until harvest. Total phenolics levels increased at early stage of growth both in peel and arils of fruit, but thereafter generally decreased during maturation and reached to 3.70 and 50.22 mg g−1 of dry weight in arils and peel, respectively, at harvest. The amount of total phenolics in peel was markedly higher than arils of pomegranate fruit. The concentration of most elements in arils and peel decreased during fruit growth and development. At harvest the relative order of concentration of macronutrients both in arils and peel was K > N > Ca > P > Mg > Na. The concentration of most micronutrients was greater in the arils than in the peel especially in early season. The relative order of concentration of micronutrients in arils was B > Fe > Zn > Cu > Mn. The accumulation of all the macro- and microelement within the fruit also increased during fruit growth and development. These results provide important data on total phenolics and macro- and micronutrient changes during fruit growth and development, emphasizing that pomegranate fruit can be a good source of bioactive compounds and minerals. 相似文献
16.
为探讨梨果萼片宿存、脱落与矿质营养之间的关系,以砀山酥梨为试材,在盛花后5 ~ 25 d,测定了宿萼幼果及其萼片中9种矿质元素含量,分析了幼果与萼片发育过程中对各种矿质元素的需求;通过盛花期喷施GA3、PP333、FeSO4处理,探讨了Fe在果实萼片发育中的作用,并对幼果萼片中矿质元素与叶绿素含量进行了相关性分析。结果表明,砀山酥梨宿萼幼果与萼片中Fe含量差异最大,萼片中Fe平均含量是幼果的6.13倍,其它元素差异较小;萼片发育过程中对铁的需求量明显高于幼果,而对其他矿质元素的需求量则少于幼果。400 mg · L-1 GA3处理增加了宿萼果率,且增加了幼果与萼片Fe的含量;2 500 mg · L-1 PP333处理降低了宿萼果率,且减少了幼果与萼片中Fe的含量,喷施0.3% FeSO4提高了宿萼果率。因此,Fe是萼片发育重要的矿质元素之一,Fe充足时果实萼片易宿存。同时,萼片中叶绿素a含量的动态变化与Fe含量的动态变化呈显著性正相关,表明萼片中大量的Fe可能用于叶绿素a的合成。 相似文献
17.
Spraying calcium is not an effective way to increase structural calcium in litchi pericarp 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Xu-Ming Huang Hui-Cong Wang Wei-Liang Zhong Wei-Qun Yuan Jie-Mei Lu Jian-Guo Li 《Scientia Horticulturae》2008
Calcium in different forms was compared in the pericarp of cracked and healthy fruit in the cracking-susceptible litchi (Litchi chinensis Sonn.) cultivar ‘Nuomici’. Incorporation of 45Ca into the cell walls of the pericarp and effects of sprays of calcium chloride (0.2% or 0.5%) on endogenous calcium and cracking incidence were examined. The results showed that calcium concentration in cracked fruit was significantly lower than in healthy fruit. Structural calcium as part of cell wall components contributed to the majority of the difference in calcium concentration between cracked fruit and healthy fruit. Surface spray of calcium chloride, either once or three times at different stages of fruit development exhibited no significant effect on fruit cracking and hardly increased calcium, especially structural calcium in the pericarp. X-ray microanalysis revealed that the applied calcium remained on pericarp surface. Radioisotope test showed that less than 0.1% of 45Ca applied on fruit surface was incorporated into the cell walls. It is suggested that spraying calcium on fruit surface is not an effective way to prevent litchi fruit cracking due to the difficulty in uptake of the calcium sprayed on fruit surface. 相似文献
18.
为了探索高温水培环境下叶面喷施氯化钙对生菜生长生理的影响,以辛普森精英散叶生菜为材料,在35℃/25℃(昼/夜)下设置4个氯化钙浓度1、3、5、7 mmol·L-1处理,以清水为对照。结果表明,与对照相比,5 mmol·L-1氯化钙处理生菜最大叶宽、地上部鲜质量、地下部鲜质量和抗氧化酶活性均显著提高,丙二醛含量和叶片相对电导率均显著降低。与对照相比,3 mmol·L-1与5 mmol·L-1氯化钙处理后生菜可溶性蛋白、可溶性糖、游离脯氨酸含量,以及根系活力和叶色值均显著提高,但两处理间无显著差异。综合分析表明,35℃/25℃(昼/夜)环境下,叶面喷施氯化钙提高了生菜叶片抗氧化酶活性和渗透调节物质含量,缓解高温胁迫对细胞质膜的伤害,促进生菜的生长,5 mmol·L-1氯化钙处理效果最好。 相似文献
19.
The objective of this study was to investigate effects of foliar calcium application on storage of sweet cherry. Different concentrations of CaCl2 (2.4, 3.2, and 4.0 g/l) and Ca(NO3)2 (3.4, 4.6, and 5.8 g/l) were applied six times by foliar spraying on leaves and fruits of the sweet cherry variety ‘0900 Ziraat’. Harvested fruits were packaged in 500 g plastic boxes and stored for four weeks at 0 0C and 90–95?% relative humidity. During the experiment, flesh firmness, titratable acidity value (TA), pH, total soluble solids content (SSC) ratio, and weight losses were weekly assessed. The results indicated that there were positive effects of foliar calcium applications on fruit quality coupled with improved firmness, and enhancement of TA, an additional advantage for consumer acceptability. 相似文献
20.
K. M. Jones T. B. Koen R. J. Meredith 《The Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology》2013,88(3):381-388
In southern Tasmania ethephon sprays were applied at two stages of bloom and after bloom at concentrations from 350 to 1 400 ppm. At both the balloon blossom stage and 42 days after full bloom (AFB) 350 ppm ethephon caused satisfactory thinning of fruit by decreasing fruit set and increasing the number of fruits 70 mm or more in diameter. Higher concentrations of ethephon at these stages overthinned. At full bloom concentrations below 1 050 ppm ethephon did not remove significant numbers of fruit but both 1 050 and 1 400 ppm spray concentrations satisfactorily thinned the fruit. The spray of 1 400 ppm ethephon 42 days AFB significantly restricted fruit growth. Shoot length was reduced by all ethephon treatments and return bloom in the following spring was heavy in all thinned treatments. A mathematical model describing numbers of fruit set was developed and used to demonstrate a three-dimensional response surface to ethephon thinning sprays. 相似文献