共查询到19条相似文献，搜索用时 234 毫秒
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小反刍动物基因定位及其应用的回顾与展望 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
小反刍动物即绵羊和山羊是重要的可再生资源，对２１世纪农业及世界经济的可持续发展具有重要意义。绵羊的中等分辨率和山羊的低分辨率连锁图谱已经构建。绵羊和山羊与牛在核型、带型及微卫星标记等方面存在广泛的保守性，这对于比较基因定位是非常有用的。已在绵羊和山羊中发现了一些主要基因和ＱＴＬ关联，其中遗传印记和性别决定基因属家畜中发现。探讨了基因图谱和遗传标记在标记辅助选择／导入（ＭＡＳ／ＭＡＩ）、亲子鉴定及Ｄ 相似文献
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BMPR-IB基因中的A746G突变与Booroola绵羊高繁殖力完全相关.为了研究该基因与山羊繁殖力的关系,试验采用PCR-SSCP方法对河北中部本地山羊中不同繁殖力群体的BMPR-IB基因进行多态性检测.并通过BLAST、BioEdit、DNasp等生物软件对山羊、绵羊、人等6个物种BMPR-IB基因的CDS序列进行了生物信息分析.结果发现在供试山羊不同繁殖力群体BMPR-IB基因不存在A746G的突变,生物信息学分析发现35条序列闻存在370个多态位点,山羊和绵羊间的核苷酸歧义度和遗传距离是各物种间最小的. 相似文献
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依据锌指基因内含子序列构建羊、牛种系发生树的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为了研究绵羊和山羊的分歧时间,试验采用PCR方法扩增并克隆测定了大尾寒羊、小尾寒羊、鲁北白山羊、波尔山羊Zfy和Zfx基因最后一个内含子部分片段,结合已发表的欧洲牛的相应序列构建了3种反刍动物种系发生树。结果表明:(1)Zfy基因内含子具有独特遗传特征,可应用种属水平以上的分类阶元的种系发生分析,是研究反刍动物系统进化很有前途的遗传标记;(2)Zfx基因片段可应用于亚科级的分类阶元种系发生分析;(3)依据Zfy基因与Zfx基因的进化速率估算绵羊与山羊的分歧时间分别为200万年、280万年,原则认为Zfy/Zfx基因的最后一个内含子可用于分化时间在200万年以上的系统分化研究。 相似文献
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绵羊作为重要的经济动物,是人类社会肉、奶和皮毛的来源之一。生长性状、胴体性状、繁殖性状、产毛性状、抗病及耐寒等都是绵羊生产和遗传育种研究领域的重要经济性状,了解这些性状的分子遗传基础,确定关键功能基因以及遗传标记位点有利于提高重要经济性状选择的准确性,进而加速绵羊经济性状的遗传改良。随着基因组重测序、转录组测序和甲基化测序等技术的发展以及全基因组关联分析技术的成熟,有关绵羊表型性状与基因型的关联分析报道较多,挖掘到一系列绵羊经济性状相关的候选基因和遗传标记。作者主要从生长发育、繁殖、尾脂沉积和羊毛生产4个角度对近几年筛选到的可用遗传标记基因进行总结,挑选出一些明星基因,如肌细胞增强因子(myocyte enhancer factor 2B,MEF2B)和生长抑素受体1(somatostatin receptor 1,SSTR1)影响绵羊体重;椎骨发育相关基因(vertebrae development associated, VRTN)是决定胸椎数量的主效基因;繁殖力基因(fecundity booroola, FecB)、骨形态发生蛋白15(bone morphogenetic pr... 相似文献
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自然抗体也叫正常抗体(naturally Occur-ing antibodies),是动物体自身的蛋白质由于疾病或其它原因得到了抗原性而刺激体内产生的抗体.正常时的自身蛋白质并无抗原性.正常抗体是动物个体先天的抗体,是在未经人工免疫的正常动物血清中含有的抗体.1949年Stormont首先发现了牛正常血清中的J抗体之后,在猪、马、绵羊、山羊等家畜中也相继发现了自然抗体.目前,我国在畜禽遗传标记的应用研究中,无论在血型遗传和生化遗传方面都有了一定进展,但在绵羊的红细胞型(自然抗体和免疫抗体)的研究还未见报道.本文首先对绵羊血清中的自然抗体进行了初步研究,并将继续深入研究 相似文献
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四川5个山(绵)羊品种随机扩增多态DNA分析 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
本研究参阅文献挑选 80个随机引物 ,从中筛选出 3 0个重复性好的引物 ,对四川黑山羊、南江黄羊、北川白山羊、成都麻羊 4个山羊品种和藏绵羊进行RAPD分析 ,并进一步对 1 3只南江黄羊个体 ,1 8只黑山羊个体的基因组DNA进行PCR扩增。用Nei氏公式计算品种间的遗传距离 ,用UPGMA法构建树状聚类图。结果表明 :黑山羊与南江黄羊的遗传距离最小 ,亲缘关系较近 ;藏绵羊与各品种间的遗传距离都很大 ,亲缘关系远 ;RAPD技术可作为一种有效的分子标记用于山羊品种之间遗传亲缘关系的分析 相似文献
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为了进一步培育优质高产陇东绒山羊群体,利用引进的绒细型和绒长型种公羊进行分区域杂交改良和品系繁育,培育出适宜陇东干旱半干旱自然生态条件的陇东绒山羊专门化品系。培育结果表明:绒细型特一级成年公母羊平均产绒量分别为601.67g和465.76g,体重分别为36.16kg和29.31kg,羊绒细度分别为14.49μm和14.25μm;绒长型特一级成年公母羊平均产绒量分别为626.49g和506.37g,体重分别为37.74kg和29.65kg,羊绒细度分别为15.02μm和14.82μm。同时利用微卫星DNA技术研究了9对基因座位在陇东绒山羊群体中的遗传多样性,通过标记多态性与生产性状的最小二乘线性模型,进行了分子标记与经济性状的相关分析,并在这些位点上找到经济性状优势基因型以及对相应性状具有正效应或负效应的等位基因。 相似文献
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Phylogenetic analysis of SRLV sequences from an arthritic sheep outbreak demonstrates the introduction of CAEV-like viruses among Spanish sheep 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
I. Glaria R. Reina H. Crespo X. de Andrs H. Ramírez E. Biescas M.M. Prez J. Badiola L. Lujn B. Amorena D. de Andrs 《Veterinary microbiology》2009,138(1-2):156-162
Small ruminant lentiviruses (SRLVs) cause different clinical forms of disease in sheep and goats. So far in Spain, Maedi visna virus-like (MVV-like) sequences have been found in both species, and the arthritic SRLV disease has never been found in sheep until a recent outbreak. Knowing that arthritis is common in goats, it was of interest to determine if the genetic type of the virus involved in the sheep arthritis outbreak was caprine arthritis encephalitis virus-like (CAEV-like) rather than MVV-like. Alignment and phylogenetic analyses on nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequences from SRLV of this outbreak, allowed a B2 genetic subgroup assignment of these SRLV, compatible with a correspondence between the virus genetic type and the disease form. Furthermore, an isolate was obtained from the arthritic outbreak, its full genome was CAEV-like but the pol integrase region was MVV-like. Although its LTR lacked a U3 repeat sequence and had a deletion in the R region, which has been proposed to reduce viral replication rate, its phenotype in sheep skin fibroblast cultures was rapid/high, thus it appeared to have adapted to sheep cells. This outbreak study represents the first report on CAEV-like genetic findings and complete genome analysis among Spanish small ruminants. 相似文献
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【目的】探究黔北麻羊黑素皮质素受体-4（melanocortin receptor-4,MC4R）基因多态性及其与生长性状的关联性,为黔北麻羊的选种选育提供理论依据。【方法】选取196只6月龄黔北麻羊,利用DNA混合池结合Sanger测序筛选MC4R基因单核苷酸多态性（SNP）位点,并采用SPSS 22.0软件中的一般线性模型（GLM）对MC4R基因SNP位点与黔北麻羊生长性状进行关联分析。【结果】在黔北麻羊MC4R基因中发现4个SNPs位点：g.59345469 C>A和g.59346773 T>C位点分别位于5'-和3'-端非编码区（UTR）;g.59345871 A>C位点突变导致第37位天冬氨酸（Asp）变为丙氨酸（Ala）,引起RNA二级结构及蛋白质二级结构、三级结构发生明显改变;g.59346263 A>G位点突变导致第168位异亮氨酸（Ile）变为缬氨酸（Val）,对RNA二级结构和蛋白质二级结构有明显影响。关联分析结果显示,g.59345469 C>A位点对黔北麻羊体重、胸围和管围均有显著影响（P<0.05）;g.59345871 A>C位点对黔北麻羊体重、体高、管围和胸围均有显著影响（P<0.05）;g.59346263 A>G位点对黔北麻羊体高、体重和胸围均有显著影响（P<0.05）;g.59346773 T>C位点对黔北麻羊体重和胸围均有显著影响（P<0.05）。4个SNPs位点联合共检测到9种单倍型和21种双倍型,其联合对黔北麻羊体重、体高、胸围和管围均产生显著遗传效应（P<0.05）,纯合双倍型H5H5（AAAAGGCC）个体的生长性状优于其他双倍型。【结论】黔北麻羊MC4R基因存在4个SNPs位点,与黔北麻羊体重和胸围均存在显著关联,可作为黔北麻羊体重和胸围的遗传标记用于分子育种。 相似文献
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本研究采用候选基因法对与繁殖性能有关的遗传标记进行筛选,旨在为山羊高产仔数的标记辅助选择提供确切的遗传依据。参考牛的促性腺激素释放激素受体(Gonadotropin releasing hormone receptor,GnRHR)基因序列设计4对引物,采用聚合酶链式反应-单链构象多态性(PCR-SSCP)技术检测GnRHR基因在波尔山羊以及我国西南地区9个地方山羊品种中的单核苷酸多态性(Single nucleotide polymorphism,SNP),同时在川东白山羊、古蔺马羊和贵州白山羊3个群体中研究该基因多态性与山羊产仔数之间的相关性。结果显示,4对引物中只有引物P1扩增片段检测出多态性。对于P1的扩增片段,在不同的山羊品种中检测到AA、GG和AG 3种基因型,测序分析表明GG与AA型相比有一处单碱基突变(154G→A)。AA基因型个体在3个群体中产羔数最小二乘均值都显著高于GG和AG基因型个体(P<0.05),GA基因型个体在古蔺马羊中的产羔数显著高于GG型个体(P<0.05),而在其它2个品种中差异不显著(P>0.05)。本研究结果初步表明山羊GnRHR基因的突变与其繁殖性能有关,可能是影响山羊繁殖率的一个因素。 相似文献
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Genetic diseases of sheep and goats 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Congenital malformations and inherited disorders constitute a substantial proportion of the afflictions seen in sheep and goats. Of these, malformations tend to be similar in both species, whereas the genetic diseases encountered to date, with the exception of a few, are different. Of the 28 genetic diseases of sheep and goats described in this review, 60% and 62.5%, respectively, are monogenic disorders. For a majority of the monogenic recessive disorders encountered in these species, the carrier state is not detectable at present, whereas in others, in which a biochemical lesion is known (dermatosparaxis, erythrocyte glutathione deficiency, globoid cell leukodystrophy and glycogen storage disease), the carrier state is detectable with the aid of enzyme and surface protein markers. The latter group and the dominant disorders (anury, cataract, glomerulonephritis, and lethal grey in sheep; gynecomastia and anotia-microtia complex in goats) are easy to eliminate through selective breeding. The polygenic disorders (entropion, epidermolysis bullosa, hereditary chondrodysplasia, and muscular dystrophy of sheep, and udder problems in goats) are more difficult to eradicate, because the mutant genes responsible for these traits generally do not declare themselves until inbreeding brings together a critical concentration to create a health crisis in some, whereas others, which are only short of a few of these mutant genes, might go totally unaffected and therefore undetected. Chromosome defects of the structural nature (translocations) seen in sheep and goats generally create meiotic disturbances, which in a majority of cases lead to subfertility, whereas sex chromosome aneuploids are generally sterile.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) 相似文献
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本研究利用微卫星标记技术从分子水平对云南5个地方绵羊品种（腾冲绵羊（TC）、昭通绵羊（ZS）、迪庆绵羊（DQ）、宁蒗黑绵羊（NL）、乌骨绵羊（WG））进行了分析,通过计算平均杂合度、多态信息含量等对它们之间的亲缘关系及群体间、群体内的遗传变异进行了探讨。结果发现,各品种内杂合度较低,在0.2894~0.3349之间,说明各群体内遗传变异较小;PIC值均大于0.5,呈现高度多态,说明5个绵羊品种具有较丰富的遗传多样性。5个绵羊品种之间的基因流分析结果发现,除与乌骨绵羊之间的基因交流较小外,其他4个绵羊品种之间的基因交流都较大。应用UPGMA法进行系统发生关系分析,乌骨绵羊同其余品种亲缘关系较远,最近的是迪庆绵羊和宁蒗黑绵羊。 相似文献
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A genetic analysis using RAPD markers was performed on 12 natural populations of Oestrus ovis (Linné, 1761). Three-hundred and six O. ovis larvae (first, second and third instars) were randomly recovered in nasal cavities of sheep and goats naturally infected in Algeria, Ethiopia, France, Mauritania, Rumania and Tunisia and were analysed by 56 RAPD fragments. The results showed a high diversity within all samples. A significant genetic divergence was showed by discriminant analyses among the 12 populations sampled (p<0.0001). Moreover, discriminant analyses showed significant differentiation (p<0.0001) between O. ovis larva populations of sheep and goats and also among samples collected in the same region. 相似文献
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Linkage of the gene for the scrapie-associated fibril protein (PrP) to the Sip gene in Cheviot sheep 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
The gene Sip with two alleles, sA and pA, is the major gene determining the incubation period of scrapie in its natural host, sheep. Two lines of Cheviot sheep have been bred which differ in their response to experimental infection with SSBP/1 scrapie. The negative line have a decreased incidence of disease caused by SSBP/1 and are SippApA. The positive line have an increased incidence of disease and the majority are either SipsAsA or SipsApA; it is not possible to distinguish between the two genotypes on the basis of scrapie incubation time because the sA allele is fully dominant with SSBP/1 scrapie. There are also rare SippApA segregants in the positive line. The major protein (PrP) of scrapie-associated fibrils is encoded by a cellular gene and a cDNA copy of the hamster PrP mRNA has been used to analyse the restriction fragment length polymorphism of the two lines of Cheviot sheep. Two polymorphisms of the sheep PrP gene were found, by using HindIII and EcoRI, which appear to act as markers for the alleles of Sip. Using these polymorphisms it is now possible to assign a Sip genotype to the sheep in the Cheviot flock. Preliminary results from Anglo-Nubian goats and a cow are also reported. 相似文献