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1.
为了探索温度对半滑舌鳎幼鱼生长及性别的影响,本研究以半滑舌鳎家系为材料,在受精后32 d,将建立的家系鱼苗分别置于9、21、23、25和27℃水温下进行培育,在32~142 dpf测量各培育温度下半滑舌鳎幼鱼的体长和体质量,利用SPSS软件中方差分析和相关分析法多重比较分析幼鱼生长规律、温度与体长和体质量的相关性。结果表明,在98 dpf时,25℃下幼鱼生长最快,但培养至129~142 dpf时,23℃温度组生长速度显著高于其他温度组。23和25℃下的半滑舌鳎体质量特定生长率分别为4.42%和4.63%,明显高于其他温度处理组。温度与半滑舌鳎家系体长、体质量的Pearson系数分别为0.271和0.260,极显著正相关。体长、体质量与温度的关系式分别为L=1.637 6T0.378 2(R2=0.082),W=0.028 5T1.078 1(R2=0.075)。采集23℃下半滑舌鳎受精卵和3~142 dpf的鱼苗,进行性类固醇激素表达水平分析。结果显示,睾酮(T)和雌二醇(E2)含量在受精卵中最高(54.78 ng/mg和92.52 pg/g),3~32 dpf时逐渐降至最低值(4.6 ng/mg和5.43 pg/g)。至46 dpf时又显著上升到峰值[(40.81±12.64)ng/mg和(42.04±19.13)pg/g],之后显著下降。在温度控制组,32~46 dpf各个温度组鱼苗T和E2含量显著上升,46 dpf时达到峰值,但19和21℃温度组显著高于其他组,T分别为(94.70±45.06)和(85.45±37.30)ng/mg,E2分别为(83.37±17.97)和(105.80±54.90)pg/g;其他温度组T和E2含量相对较低且无显著差异。98 dpf性类固醇激素表达量显著下降,各温度组E2水平无显著差异,但19和27℃时T水平高于其他温度组。依此推测46 dpf、体长(4.99±0.75)cm时半滑舌鳎鱼苗性腺开始分化,19和27℃有可能促使鱼苗雄性化。 相似文献
2.
水温对半滑舌鳎性腺组织发育的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
探讨了不同温度(19,21,23,25和27 ℃)对半滑舌鳎的性腺组织发育的影响。在受精后39～106 d对半滑舌鳎进行温度控制处理,通过石蜡组织切片,对半滑舌鳎早期性腺分化发育进行组织学观察。发现在19 ℃饲养条件下,受精后46 d(pfd46)半滑舌鳎性腺原始生殖细胞数量增加,有分化成卵巢的倾向;在该条件下,pfd82半滑舌鳎性腺开始分化为精巢。pfd82时,27 ℃条件下的幼鱼卵巢中卵原细胞数目大量增殖;精巢中精小叶多而密,结缔组织间隔清晰。pfd129时,27 ℃处理的幼鱼卵巢发育到Ⅱ期,其他温度处理组仍处于Ⅰ期卵巢,但随着温度的提高,卵巢中卵母细胞数目增多,且由散乱分布变为有序的排列在卵巢小叶中;精巢中贮精囊数量增多,囊腔中精子增多。pfd142时,高温处理组幼鱼性腺发育最快,其Ⅱ期卵巢中卵母细胞数目最多,精巢中后期生精细胞偏多,精子几乎分布到各个精小叶中,且贮精囊结构发达,内纳高密度精子,在周围输精管中也分布着精子。结果表明,温度影响了半滑舌鳎性腺发育程度,二者呈现线性关系,在适当温度范围内,性腺发育速度随着温度升高而加快。 相似文献
3.
采用茜素络合物(Alizarin Complexone,ALC)分别浸泡标记70 d和170 d半滑舌鳎(Cynoglossus semilaevis)苗种耳石,设置了5个浓度组和3个时间梯度组.结果显示,ALC对半滑舌鳎70-170 d苗种的耳石染色效果明显.综合考虑存活率和标记效果,ALC浸泡标记半滑舌鳎苗种耳石的适宜浓度为100 mg/L (36 h浸泡处理)和150 mg/L(24 h浸泡处理).相同浸泡时间下,随着ALC浓度的增加,耳石上标记信号强度增加,但实验鱼死亡率升高;相同浸泡浓度下,随着时间的增加,耳石上标记信号强度增加,实验鱼死亡率也会升高.对标记的170d苗种进行养殖实验,每30 d取样矢耳石进行观察,发现4个月后实验鱼生长良好,且耳石荧光信号仍可清晰检测到,表明ALC在半滑舌鳎矢耳石上形成的荧光标记可长期存续,标记效果好.研究结果可为半滑舌鳎大规模标志放流及早期生活史研究提供群体身份识别技术支持. 相似文献
4.
《渔业科学进展》2016,(6)
采用茜素络合物(Alizarin Complexone,ALC)分别浸泡标记70 d和170 d半滑舌鳎(Cynoglossus semilaevis)苗种耳石,设置了5个浓度组和3个时间梯度组。结果显示,ALC对半滑舌鳎70–170 d苗种的耳石染色效果明显。综合考虑存活率和标记效果,ALC浸泡标记半滑舌鳎苗种耳石的适宜浓度为100 mg/L(36 h浸泡处理)和150 mg/L(24 h浸泡处理)。相同浸泡时间下,随着ALC浓度的增加,耳石上标记信号强度增加,但实验鱼死亡率升高;相同浸泡浓度下,随着时间的增加,耳石上标记信号强度增加,实验鱼死亡率也会升高。对标记的170 d苗种进行养殖实验,每30 d取样矢耳石进行观察,发现4个月后实验鱼生长良好,且耳石荧光信号仍可清晰检测到,表明ALC在半滑舌鳎矢耳石上形成的荧光标记可长期存续,标记效果好。研究结果可为半滑舌鳎大规模标志放流及早期生活史研究提供群体身份识别技术支持。 相似文献
5.
脑垂体促性腺激素分泌的影响 《中国水产科学》2005,12(2):113-118
性类固醇激素对性腺发育期间的鱼类促性腺激素(GTH)分泌有负反馈作用,而对性未成熟的鱼类GTH分泌有正反馈作用.本实验选取性腺发育中期的长臀(鱼危)(Cranoglanis
bouderius)进行研究,将实验用鱼分成4组(实验重复3次,每组共用6尾鱼,)①持续性17β-雌二醇(17β-Estradiol,E2)处理;②E2在注入促性腺激素释放激素类似物(Analogue
of gonadotropin-releasing hormone,GnRH-A)脉冲刺激的处理;③持续性甲基睾酮(17α-methyltestosterone,MT)处理;④MT在注入GnRH-A脉冲刺激的处理;采用离体灌流孵育和GTH放射免疫测定的方法研究E2和MT对长臀(鱼危)脑垂体GTH分泌的影响.持续性的E2(1μmol/L)处理能显著性地抑制长臀(鱼危)脑垂体碎片基础GTH的分泌,而持续性的MT(1μmmol/L)处理能抑制长臀(鱼危)3脑垂体碎片基础GTH的分泌,同时E2和MT处理能抑制GnRH-A刺激的GTH分泌,而高浓度的E2和MT处理(10μmol/L)要比低浓度的E2和MT处理(0.1μmol/L)对长臀(鱼危)脑垂体碎片基础GTH释放抑制能力强.这些结果表明,在离体实验中,E2和MT对性腺发育中期的长臀(鱼危)脑垂体的GTH的分泌具有负反馈的作用,并且可能直接参与了长臀(鱼危)脑垂体的GTH调节. 相似文献
6.
17β-雌二醇和甲基睾酮对离体长臀(鱼危)脑垂体促性腺激素分泌的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
性类固醇激素对性腺发育期间的鱼类促性腺激素(GTH)分泌有负反馈作用,而对性未成熟的鱼类GTH分泌有正反馈作用.本实验选取性腺发育中期的长臀(鱼危)(Cranoglanis bouderius)进行研究,将实验用鱼分成4组(实验重复3次,每组共用6尾鱼,):①持续性17β-雌二醇(17β-Estradiol,E2)处理;②E2在注入促性腺激素释放激素类似物(Analogue of gonadotropin-releasing hormone,GnRH-A)脉冲刺激的处理;③持续性甲基睾酮(17α-methyltestosterone,MT)处理;④MT在注入GnRH-A脉冲刺激的处理;采用离体灌流孵育和GTH放射免疫测定的方法研究E2和MT对长臀(鱼危)脑垂体GTH分泌的影响.持续性的E2(1μmol/L)处理能显著性地抑制长臀(鱼危)脑垂体碎片基础GTH的分泌,而持续性的MT(1μmmol/L)处理能抑制长臀(鱼危)3脑垂体碎片基础GTH的分泌,同时E2和MT处理能抑制GnRH-A刺激的GTH分泌,而高浓度的E2和MT处理(10μmol/L)要比低浓度的E2和MT处理(0.1μmol/L)对长臀(鱼危)脑垂体碎片基础GTH释放抑制能力强.这些结果表明,在离体实验中,E2和MT对性腺发育中期的长臀(鱼危)脑垂体的GTH的分泌具有负反馈的作用,并且可能直接参与了长臀(鱼危)脑垂体的GTH调节. 相似文献
7.
半滑舌鳎(Cynoglossus semilaevisGünther)是近年来新开发的一种理想的增养殖对象,雌性个体生长速度比雄性快2～3倍。由于温度可影响多种鱼类的性腺分化,因而探索温度对该鱼的性别决定和性腺分化的影响,获得性逆转雄性亲本,用于培育全雌后代,具有重要的应用前景和经济效益。通过石蜡组织切片,对半滑舌鳎早期性腺分化进行组织学观察。发现在24℃饲养条件下,孵化后30 d半滑舌鳎性腺开始分化,其中具有裂隙的性腺原基未来发育为卵巢,而不具裂隙的原基未来发育为精巢。在孵化后25～100 d对半滑舌鳎进行不同温度(16℃、20℃、24℃、28℃、32℃)处理,在9月龄时利用石蜡组织切片鉴定表型性别,观察温度对性腺分化的影响,结果表明,28℃和32℃高温能显著提高群体中的雄性比例,使其分别达到69.2%和66.7%;而低温16℃和20℃对性腺分化影响不大,群体中雄性比例分别为56.5%和57.1%;24℃处理群体中雌雄个体比例接近1∶1。半滑舌鳎雌性特异的遗传性别鉴定技术也检测到高温和低温处理组出现了由基因型雌性向表型雄性逆转的雄性个体。这些结果表明温度影响了半滑舌鳎性腺分化方向。 相似文献
8.
温度对半滑舌鳎家系生长及性别的影响 总被引：4，自引：3，他引：1
以建立半滑舌鳎家系为研究材料,在受精后46 d,将家系在17.5、19.5、21.5、23.5、25.5和27.5℃6个温度梯度下培育65 d;分别在受精后64、80、103、118、129、198 d测量各温度梯度下半滑舌鳎鱼苗体长和体重,利用方差分析、Student-Newman-Keuls多重比较,分析半滑舌鳎家系鱼苗的生长规律及培育温度与体长和体重的相关性。结果显示,在以上温度范围内鱼苗的生长速度随温度的升高而加快,在198 d以后,25.5℃下鱼苗生长最快(P<0.05),21.5～23.5℃次之(P<0.05),27.5℃生长下降(P<0.05),17.5～19.5℃生长最慢(P<0.05)。在17.5～27.5℃,温度与半滑舌鳎家系生长体长、体重的Pearson系数分别为0.553和0.809,都达到极显著正相关(P<0.01)。体长、体重与温度关系式分别为L=2.460 7t0.9979(R2=0.362 8)和W=9.0×10-5t2.976(R2=0.789 5)。在198 d解剖统计各温度梯度下雌雄比例,同时固定30尾鱼苗性腺,利用光学切片法辨别并统计雌雄性别比例,对获得的性别比例进行方... 相似文献
9.
性类固醇激素对性腺发育期间的鱼类促性腺激素(GTH)分泌有负反馈作用，而对性未成熟的鱼类GTH分泌有正反馈作用。本实验选取性腺发育中期的长臀鮠(Cranoglanis bouderius)进行研究，将实验用鱼分成4组(实验重复3次，每组共用6尾鱼，)：①持续性17β-雌二醇(17β-Estradiol，E2)处理；②E2在注入促性腺激素释放激素类似物(Analogue of gonadotropin—releasing hormone，GnRH-A)脉冲刺激的处理；③持续性甲基睾酮(17α-methyltestosterone，MT)处理；④MT在注入GnRH-A脉冲刺激的处理；采用离体灌流孵育和GTH放射免疫测定的方法研究E2和MT对长臀鮠脑垂体GTH分泌的影响。持续性的E2(1μmol／L)处理能显著性地抑制长臀鮠脑垂体碎片基础GTH的分泌，而持续性的MT(1μmmol／L)处理能抑制长臀鮠脑垂体碎片基础GTH的分泌，同时E2和MT处理能抑制GnRH-A刺激的GTH分泌，而高浓度的E2和MT处理(10μmol／L)要比低浓度的E2和MT处理(0．1μmol／L)对长臀鮠脑垂体碎片基础GTH释放抑制能力强。这些结果表明，在离体实验中，E2和MT对性腺发育中期的长臀鮠脑垂体的GTH的分泌具有负反馈的作用，并且可能直接参与了长臀鮠脑垂体的GTH调节。 相似文献
10.
生长阻滞和DNA损伤诱生蛋白45(growth arrest and DNA damage inducible protein 45,Gadd45)基因在胚胎发育和性别决定中起重要作用。本研究通过RACE方法在半滑舌鳎(Cynoglossus semilaevis)中克隆得到了1个Gadd45g同源基因,命名为Gadd45g3。该基因全长1 147 bp,编码155个氨基酸残基。氨基酸序列分析表明,半滑舌鳎Gadd45g3与其他鱼类Gadd45g-like的同源性为79%~88%,与硬骨鱼和高等脊椎动物的Gadd45g同源性为58%~67%。对多个物种的Gadd45g同源基因的CDS区进行Ka/Ks分析,发现Ka/Ks均小于0.3。FISH结果显示,半滑舌鳎Gadd45g3基因位于常染色体上。实时荧光定量PCR结果显示,Gadd45g3在雌雄成鱼的脑中都有很高的表达,说明其参与了神经发育;在成熟性腺中,Gadd45g3的表达具有精巢特异性,说明Gadd45g3是性别相关基因;而在不同发育时期的性腺中,Gadd45g3的表达量在孵化后20 d的雄性仔鱼中显著高于同龄雌鱼(P0.05),但在孵化后95 d的雌雄仔鱼中均有高表达,说明在半滑舌鳎性别决定和性腺发育中起着重要作用。 相似文献
11.
NAOTAKA OMOTO MAMORU MAEBAYASHI ERI MITSUHASHI KOJI YOSHITOMI SHINJI ADACHI KOHEI YAMAUCHI 《Fisheries Science》2002,68(5):1047-1054
The effects of giving oral estradiol-17β (E2 ) and 17α-methyltestosterone (MT) on gonadal sex differentiation in the F2 hybrid sturgeon, the bester ( Huso huso female × Acipenser ruthenus male), are investigated. Giving E2 at 10 μg/g diet to fish from 14 months until 31 months of age induced incomplete feminization and resulted in approximately 40% abnormal ovary development in which oocytes were observed without ovarian lamellar structures and gonadal shape was similar to normal testis. Giving MT at 25 μg/g diet for the same duration failed to induce masculinization, and resulted in approximately 30% undeveloped gonads even at 30–37 months of age. In contrast, E2 and MT at only 1 μg/g diet given from 3 to 18 months of age was sufficient to induce feminization and masculinization, respectively. In these fish, feminization and masculinization were observed at 9 months, when most putative ovaries and testes were histologically distinguishable by the shape of the gonadal surface. These results indicate that sex reversal can be induced in these fish by hormone treatment that is started at 3 months age, before morphological differentiation occurs on the stroma of the gonads. 相似文献
12.
研究了辛基酚对鲤的雌激素效应。经10、50、100、300和500μg/L辛基酚暴露32d后,鲤存活率和肥满度与对照组无差异;性腺指数变化明显,雌鱼性腺指数随暴露剂量的增大而增大,雄鱼性腺指数随暴露剂量的增大而减小;50μg/L及以上暴露组与对照组差异显著(P<0.05)。辛基酚能诱导鲤雄鱼产生卵黄蛋白原,暴露剂量为10μg/L组有部分雄鱼肝脏匀浆和血液中检出卵黄蛋白原,50、100和300μg/L组卵黄蛋白原含量随辛基酚浓度的增大而显著增大,500μg/L组卵黄蛋白原含量低于300μg/L组、高于100μg/L组,均为极显著差异(P<0.01)。 相似文献
13.
Two consecutive feeding trials were used to examine optimum dietary protein to metabolizable energy (P:ME) and ME needs of juvenile rainbow trout fed semipurified diets supplemented with 2.0 mg 17α-methyltestosterone (MT)/kg of dry ingredients. In trial 1, five diets containing 80,100, 120, 140, and 160 mg protein/kcal ME of dry diet at a constant 390 kcal ME/100 g of dry diet were used. In trial 2, four diets were prepared with 300, 340, 370, and 390 kcal dietary ME at a P:ME ratio of 100. Diets were prepared with and without MT and fed for 8 weeks to 5.4 g initial weight fish in trial 1 and 3.7 g initial weight fish in trial 2. Proximate composition of the whole body (WB) and empty carcass (EC = an eviscerated whole body) of fish was measured at the end of both trials. In trial 1, maximum efficient protein gain (MEPG) values of MT treated fish were correspondingly higher than the values obtained for controls at all dietary P:ME ratios fed except for those fish fed at a P:ME ratio of 80. The optimum P:ME ratio for MT treated fish was 100 and for control fish was 120. In trial 2, all MT treated fish fed diets containing 340 kcal ME/100 g and above had a higher MEPG value than all control fish. The diet containing an ME level of 340 kcal was considered optimum for growth of MT treated fish fed a dietary P:ME ratio of 100. MT treatment increased EC, but did not change WB fat content of fish in both trials. 相似文献
14.
为了解工厂化养殖条件下圆斑星鲽(Verasper variegates)幼鱼的生长特性,在水温9.0~22.5℃时,对圆斑星鲽幼鱼的体长和体质量进行了近1年的测定分析。结果显示:平均体长为(9.29±0.16)cm、平均体质量为(22.11±1.03)g的5月龄左右的圆斑星鲽幼鱼,经1年的人工饲养后平均体长为(36.15±0.36)cm、平均体质量为(647.97±12.54)g,体长与日龄之间呈线性关系L=1.492x+2.350,R2=0.966,其体长平均瞬时增长率为0.12,体长平均月增长量为2.44 cm;体质量与日龄之间呈指数关系Wgc=9.380 e0.264x,R2=0.960,其体质量平均瞬时增长率为0.31,体质量平均月增长量为56.92 g;体长与体质量的回归曲线Wwl=0.030x2.971,R2=0967,幂指数约等于3,表明体质量与体长的立方呈正相关系,为等比生长类型。在工厂化养殖条件下,圆斑星鲽幼鱼的体质量增长量、体质量相对生长率、体质量瞬时生长率与水温变化大体一致,16~18℃时增重较快;反映幼鱼生长阶段的生长指标、生长系数波动较大,没有显示出规律性;体质量与体长呈显著相关,处于负异速生长阶段。 相似文献
15.
水体钙离子质量浓度对褐牙鲆幼鱼鱼体和耳石元素成分的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
在盐度30和水温20 ℃条件下,分别配制钙离子ρ（Ca2＋）质量浓度为200 mg·L-1（A组）、400 mg·L-1（B组,对照）、800 mg·L-1（C组）、1 600 mg·L-1（D组）和3 000 mg·L-1（E组）的人工海水,研究了水体ρ（Ca2＋）对褐牙鲆（Paralichthys olivaceus）幼鱼鱼体和耳石元素成分的影响。经60 d养殖发现褐牙鲆鱼体中仅钙（Ca）、锌（Zn）和铜（Cu）质量分数差异不显著（P〉0.05）;鱼体中磷（P）、钠（Na）、镁（Mg）、锶（Sr）、铁（Fe）、锰（Mn）和镍（Ni）质量分数随水体ρ（Ca2＋）的增加而下降。不同ρ（Ca2＋）对褐牙鲆幼鱼耳石长、宽、长宽比和耳石质量影响显著（P〈0.05）。低浓度A组耳石长和耳石宽显著低于B组和C组,A组耳石长宽比（L/W）显著低于D组,A组的耳石质量显著低于B组和D组（P〈0.05）。其中w（Sr）随ρ（Ca2＋）的增加显著下降,锶/钙（Sr/Ca）比、镁/钙（Mg/Ca）比随ρ（Ca2＋）增加而下降。结果表明,水体ρ（Ca2＋）对褐牙鲆鱼体成分、耳石形成及组分产生明显影响,ρ（Ca2＋）能够影响鱼体和耳石元素的累积。 相似文献
16.
将330日龄的大规格[平均体长(24.4±2.1) cm、平均体质量(93±5.3) g]、小规格[平均体长(18.2±1.1) cm、平均体质量(34±2.5) g]半滑舌鳎分别饲养在2个4 m^3水槽中;550日龄后,置于4个4 m^3水槽内培育,密度为15～30尾/m^2;900日龄后置于4个30 m^3水泥池内培育,密度为3～8尾/m^2。每2～3个月测量1次体长和体质量,研究不同规格半滑舌鳎在工厂化养殖条件下的生长。3年的养殖试验表明,随着养殖时间的延长,两个群体的生长差异变大,大、小规格群体的平均体长比值由1.3增至1.6,平均体质量比值由2.7增至5.3,大规格群体(全长51.3～66.4 cm)中95%以上为雌性;半滑舌鳎的快速生长期为698～1081日龄阶段,适宜生长水温为14.6～26.9℃。本试验结果将为半滑舌鳎的工厂化养殖提供参考。 相似文献
17.
Anita M. Kelly Christopher C. Kohler E. Gordon Grau 《Journal of the World Aquaculture Society》1996,27(4):384-401
The effects of a mammalian growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH), PrebGRF(1–78)OH (bGHRH), on growth and serum growth hormone (GH) levels were investigated in tilapias Oreochromis mossambicus and O. niloticus × O. aureus . Fish were injected intramuscularly or implanted intramuscularly (Silastic or cholesterol implants) with distilled water, 0.1 μg/kg bGHRH, 1.0 μg/kg bGHRH, 10.0 μg/kg bGHRH, or 100.0 μg/kg bGHRH and compared to untreated controls, fish implanted with 60 mg/kg 17α-methyltestosterone (MT), or a combination of bGHRH concentrations plus either MT, 0.01 μg/kg of a thyroid hormone (T3 ), or 0.01 μg/kg of a glucocorticoid (DEX). The bGHRH increased serum GH levels in tilapia maintained at suboptimal temperatures (18 C). Serum GH levels were highest (5.3–0.45 ng/mL) for fish injected with 10.0 μg/kg bGHRH. Fish implanted with a Silastic implant containing 10.0 μg/kg bGHRH had significantly higher (4.35–0.35 ng/mL) serum GH levels than those with an equivalent dosage in a cholesterol implant. The addition of MT, thyroid hormones, and glucocorticoids did not increase serum GH levels above those obtained for fish receiving bGHRH alone. Tilapia reared at suboptimal temperatures and implanted with 10.0 μg/kg and 100.0 μg/kg bGHRH had significantly greater increases in weight and length than control fish. Fish implanted with bGHRH, MT or bGHRH plus MT had significantly higher moisture and protein content, while fat and ash contents were significantly lower than controls or sham-implanted fish. Fish implanted with bGHRH or bGHRH plus MT had significantly higher gonadosomatic indices than fish implanted with MT alone, shams or non-treated controls. This study demonstrates that a mammalian GHRH stimulates release of GH, promotes somatic and gonadal growth and may affect reproductive performance in tilapia. 相似文献
18.
测定了长薄鳅(Leptobotia elongate Bleeker)幼鱼(8.0～110.1 g)的消化道指数和不同体重组(10 g、30 g、50 g)幼鱼的胃、肝胰脏、前肠、中肠、后肠的淀粉酶、胃蛋白酶、胰蛋白酶及脂肪酶活性。结果:(1)长薄鳅幼鱼肝指数平均为(1.400±0.004)%,比肠长平均为(0.418±0.080),体重与体长呈幂函数相关,相关式为:W=0.019L2.818 1(R2=0.948,P<0.01,n=43);鱼体肥满度在30 g组中最高。(2)各部位消化酶活性均以蛋白酶>脂肪酶>淀粉酶;各体重组淀粉酶活性在肝胰脏中最高(P<0.05);蛋白酶活性在胃和中肠中较高;脂肪酶活性沿消化道从前至后升高;(3)各部位淀粉酶活性在各体重组间变化不大,胃蛋白酶、肠段胰蛋白酶和脂肪酶活性随体重增加而下降。本研究认为长薄鳅幼鱼为杂食、偏肉食性,其消化酶活性存在组织特异性,体重30 g左右是其营养需求转变或者生长发育的重要时期。 相似文献
19.
Immersion of 1‐day‐old Silurus asotus (Linnaeus) larvae in 50, 100 or 200 μg L?1 oestradiol‐17β for 15 days altered gonad differentiation and gonadal morphology. The survival of the group immersed at the highest dose (200 μg L?1) was reduced significantly (86%), whereas survival of the groups immersed at the lower doses was as high as that of untreated controls (94%). The sex ratio of the untreated group was close to 1:1 (female–male); however, the incidence of females was significantly higher in groups immersed in doses of 50, 100 and 200 μg L?1, i.e. 86%, 92% and 99.4%, respectively. Ovarian morphology of feminized individuals was different to that of the controls; the ovary was morphologically rather similar to testis although it contained fully matured oocytes. Morphological changes in genital organs were also noted in fish exposed to oestradiol‐17β the shape and size of genital papilla were intermediate between those of normal male and female. During a 4‐month growth trial after the exposure, the feminized fish showed significantly improved growth performance over normal genetic males (P < 0.05), although the growth was not equal to that of normal genetic females (P < 0.05). 相似文献
20.
ABSTRACT: The present study aimed to investigate a suitable anesthesia protocol for nutritional studies, fasting tolerance, and nutrient requirements for maintenance in juvenile northern bluefin tuna Thunnus orientalis weighing 0.8–0.9 g. The fish grew in a mass seedling production under completely controlled aquaculture. The solution of 0.2 mL 2-phenoxyethanol/L prepared by filtered seawater has been notably estimated as a anesthesia protocol for the juvenile, due to a shorter mean time necessary for anesthesia and recovery and higher survival rate at 24 h after recovery. All other anesthetics, 0.1 and 0.3 mL 2-phenoxyethanol/L, 0.05, 0.1 and 0.2 mL 4-allyl-2-methoxyphenol/L, and cool water temperature shocks at 16.8, 12.6 and 10.4°C, were inferior. In a 5-day tolerance test, the juvenile was fed sand lance Ammodytes personatus through the rearing period or fasted for 2, 3, 4 and 5 consecutive days. Survival rates were about 80 or 60, 50, 10 and 0%, respectively. From the relationships between days fasting and energetic and nutritional retentions, juvenile tuna require about 142.7 kJ, 5.46 g protein and 0.44 g fat/kg body weight a day for maintenance, indicating remarkably higher requirements than other aquaculture fish. 相似文献