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1.
Tissue residues of sulphadiazine (SDZ), sulphadimidine (SDD) and sulphquinoxaline (SQ) were studied in healthy and E. stiedai infected rabbits following oral administration of 0.5 g/l drinking water for 5 days. The solid-phase extraction and HPLC was used to determine the concentration of the three sulphonamides in a single tissue sample. SDZ was detected in the liver and kidney in concentrations below the tolerance levels at day 5 and no residues could be detected at day 7 after drug withdrawal. SDD and SQ were detected in all of the tested organs of healthy rabbits up to day 5, where the highest concentration was reported in the liver (0.08 +/- 0.02 and 0.09 +/- 0.02 g/g respectively). In infected rabbits, the three sulphonamides were detected up to day 7 in concentrations higher than the tolerance limits (> 0.1 g/g) in the liver and kidney and lower levels in other tissues. A withdrawal period of 4 days for SDZ and 5 days for SDD and SQ in healthy rabbits and 7 days for SDZ and 8 days for SDD and SQ in E. stiedai infected rabbits is suggested. 相似文献
2.
Izci C Ogurtan Z Ceylan C 《Journal of veterinary medicine. A, Physiology, pathology, clinical medicine》2003,50(6):307-312
The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effects of hyperosmolar ionic contrast media (CM) (diatrizoate) and low osmolar non-ionic CM (iohexol and ioxilan) on coagulation time and some blood parameters in dogs in vivo. The animals were divided into three groups in equal numbers. The dogs in groups I, II and III received diatrizoate, iohexol and ioxilan at the dose of 700 mgI/kg intravenously (IV) as a bolus, respectively. Administration of contrast media and blood samples were collected from vena cephalica antebrachii prior to CM administration and thereafter at 3, 15, 30, 60, 90 and 180 min and 24 h to measure the coagulation factors [activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), prothorombin time (PT), fibrinogen and fibrinogen degradation products] and some other blood parameters [red blood cells, platelet, white blood cells, haematocrit (Ht) and haemoglobin (Hb)]. While a statistically significant decrease was observed on APTT at 15 min in group III, no significant differences were found in groups I and II. All the groups had insignificant alterations for PT, fibrinogen and fibrinogen degradation product, following CM administration. Significant decreases were observed for platelet at 3 min in all groups. This decrease was also significant at 15- and 30- min intervals in group I. There were significant decreases for erythrocytes, Ht and Hb measurements within 30 min, and no significant alterations were observed for leucocytes within 60 min in all groups compared with baseline values. No differences were observed with regard to coagulation times and some blood parameters as far as long-lasting and major effects of each CM are concerned. 相似文献
3.
The effect of alpha-difluoromethylornithine (DFMO) administered in drinking water (0.2 and 0.5%) against liver and intestinal coccidioses in experimentally infected rabbits was studied. Zootechnical and clinical parameters were used to assess the efficacy of the compound. In both coccidioses the lower dose did not show any important effect. The higher dosage (0.5%) however, reduced the lesions induced by coccidia to an important extent. The animals infected and treated with 0.5% DFMO showed similar weight gain, food intake and relative liver weight figures to the non-infected controls. Serum transaminase levels in the rabbits infected with Eimeria stiedai and treated with 0.5% DFMO were close to those of the non-infected animals. Infected rabbits treated with this dosage also showed reductions (over 80%) in faecal oocyst output. 相似文献
4.
Hanada S Omata Y Umemoto Y Kobayashi Y Furuoka H Matsui T Maeda R Saito A 《Veterinary parasitology》2003,111(2-3):261-266
Soluble antigens exist in the bile of rabbits infected with Eimeria stiedai (E. stiedai) in the acute phase, and rabbits immunized with the antigens show resistance against the infection. In this study, the liver function of rabbits immunized either with the soluble antigens or PBS were examined following the parasite challenge. Rabbits immunized with PBS shed a number of oocysts and showed an increase in r-glutamyltransferase (GGT) activity and a decrease in blood Indocyanine green (ICG) clearance. However, rabbits immunized with the soluble antigens shed a lower number of oocysts and showed a transient increase of alanine-aminotransferase (ALT) activity on Day 8 post-challenge (p.c.). The blood Indocyanine green clearance of the rabbits showed no change throughout the experiment. By histopathological observation of the liver, a number of merozoites were found in the biliary ducts on Day 8 post-challenge in the non-immunized rabbits. In contrast, a number of lymphocytes and neutrophilic leukocytes assembled around the biliary ducts of the immunized rabbits, but few parasites were found there on Day 8 post-challenge. These results suggest that the soluble antigens stimulate local immune reactions, for example around the biliary ducts, resulting in elimination of the parasite's development. 相似文献
5.
Paim CB Paim FC Da Silva AS França RT Costa MM Leal CA Soares JF Labruna MB Schetinger MR Mazzanti A Mazzanti CM Monteiro SG Lopes ST 《Veterinary parasitology》2012,185(2-4):131-137
The aim of this study was to evaluate the platelet count, coagulation time and platelet activity in dogs experimentally infected with Rangelia vitalii during the acute phase of the disease. For this study, 12 young dogs (females) were used, separated in two groups. Group A (uninfected control) was composed by healthy dogs (n=5), and group B consisted of R. vitalii-infected animals (n=7). After being inoculated with R. vitalii-infected blood, animals were monitored by blood smear examinations, which showed intra-erythrocytic forms of the parasite five days post-inoculation (PI). Blood samples were collected on days 0, 10, 20 and 30 PI. The material collected was placed in tubes containing EDTA for quantification of platelets, citrate anticoagulant platelet aggregation, and measuring the clotting time. Right after blood collection on days 10 and 20 PI, dogs were anesthetized for collecting bone marrow samples. A significant reduction (P<0.01) of the number of platelets was observed in R. vitalii-infected blood, when compared with uninfected dogs on days 10 and 20 PI. Additionally, macro-platelets were observed only in infected dogs. Prothrombin time and activated partial thromboplastin time did not differ between infected and uninfected dogs. The megakaryocyte count increased (P<0.01) significantly in infected dogs when compared with uninfected ones on days 10 and 20 PI. Platelet aggregation decreased (P<0.01) significantly in infected dogs in comparison to the control on days 10 and 20 PI. Therefore, rangeliosis in dogs causes a severe thrombocytopenia during the acute phase of infection. This platelets reduction probably occurred due to splenic sequestration and/or immune-mediated thrombocytopenia. 相似文献
6.
The effect of the host's age on the pathology of Eimeria stiedai infection in rabbits 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The pathology of experimental Eimeria stiedai infection in 2- and 4-month-old rabbits raised coccidia-free was studied. Over 50 days of infection, the serum activities of aspartate (AST) and alanine (ALT) aminotransferases, alkaline phosphatase (AP) and gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase (GGTP) were analyzed as indicators of hepatic lesions and total serum globulins with respect to the immune response of the host; parasite development was followed by oocyst output; weight gain, food intake and relative liver weight were analyzed to control the performance of infected animals. The age of the host strongly affected parasite development and consequently the biochemical and zootechnical parameters differed more markedly in the younger animals; however, the enzyme ALT showed an increase independent of parasite development, and infection did not affect GGTP activity. The increase in age was responsible for resistance of rabbits to hepatic coccidiosis and older animals were less affected than young ones. 相似文献
7.
通过对多种鸡球虫和松鼠球虫18S rRNA和28S rRNA进行序列比对分析,在18S rRNA 3’端和28S rRNA 5’端保守区设计艾美耳属通用引物,以斯氏艾美耳球虫洛阳分离株LY卵囊基因组DNA为模板首次成功克隆到斯氏艾美耳球虫完整的ITS1-5.8S rRNA-ITS2序列,其大小为1178bp,其中ITS1序列长度为423bp,5.8S rRNA为155 bp,ITS2为600 bp,斯氏艾美耳球虫LY株ITS1/2序列高度变异,与鸡球虫、啮齿动物球虫的序列同源性低于60%。然后在斯氏艾美耳球虫ITS1/2序列超变区设计种特异引物,建立了灵敏、特异的PCR检测方法。本研究结果将为兔球虫强致病种的临床诊断和揭示兔球虫种群遗传特征提供有效的分子工具。 相似文献
8.
9.
Pentoxifylline (PTX, a methylxanthine derivative) has been found to interrupt early gene activation for tumour necrosis factor, interleukin-1, interleukin-6 and tissue factor production and to improve survival from experimental sepsis. During endotoxaemia, lipopolysaccharide (LPS, endotoxin) and proinflammatory cytokines trigger the development of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) via the tissue factor-dependent pathway of coagulation. The present study was undertaken to determine whether pentoxifylline could prevent coagulation disturbances in LPS-treated rabbits. Endotoxaemia was induced with E. coli lipopolysaccharide in New Zealand White rabbits. Forty rabbits were used and divided into four equal groups. Group 1 served as a control group; Group 2: lipopolysaccharide was injected intravenously, Group 3: pentoxifylline was injected intraperitoneally, Group 4: lipopolysaccharide and pentoxifylline were injected simultaneously. Blood samples were collected 6 h after the treatments. In rabbits with endotoxin-induced DIC, platelet count, leukocyte count, percentage of differential leukocyte values, fibrinogen level, antithrombin III (AT-III) and protein C (PC) activity were decreased. Moreover, activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) and prothrombin time (PT) were prolonged when compared to the control group. In conclusion, haemostatic disturbances associated with endotoxin-induced DIC were moderately suppressed by the administration of PTX. 相似文献
10.
Effects of testosterone on lipid peroxidation, lipid profiles and some coagulation parameters in rabbits 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Aydilek N Aksakal M 《Journal of veterinary medicine. A, Physiology, pathology, clinical medicine》2005,52(9):436-439
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of testosterone on some risk factors of atherosclerosis. Twenty-four male New Zealand white rabbits were randomly divided into three groups of eight. The first group was used as control. Second group was injected with 10 mg of testosterone propionate. Third group was castrated bilaterally. At the end of 6 weeks, lipid peroxidation (LPO), lipid profile, fibrinogen (FBN) level and coagulation parameters were evaluated. Testosterone administration decreased the level of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), while castration increased this level (P < 0.05). Triglyceride (TG) and total cholesterol (TC) levels in the castration group were significantly higher (P < 0.05) than those in the testosterone group. The ratio of HDL-C:low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) decreased, while TC:HDL-C ratio increased (P < 0.05) in the testosterone group. No significant differences were found in the LDL-C and FBN levels among groups. However, there was a tendency for higher FBN level in the testosterone group. Testosterone administration resulted in an increase in the level of LPO (P < 0.05). Clotting time and prothrombin time prolonged in the castration group compared with testosterone group (P < 0.05). As a result, testosterone has exacerbating effect on atherosclerosis risk factors including lipid profile, LPO, FBN and coagulation system. 相似文献
11.
通过对多种鸡球虫和松鼠球虫18SrRNA和28SrRNA进行序列比对分析,在18SrRNA 3′端和28SrRNA 5′端保守区设计艾美耳属通用引物,以斯氏艾美耳球虫洛阳分离株LY卵囊基因组DNA为模板首次成功克隆到斯氏艾美耳球虫完整的ITS1-5.8SrRNA-ITS2序列,其大小为1 178bp,其中ITS1序列长度为423bp,5.8SrRNA为155bp,ITS2为600bp,斯氏艾美耳球虫LY株ITS1/2序列高度变异,与鸡球虫、啮齿动物球虫的序列相似性低于60%。然后在斯氏艾美耳球虫ITS1/2序列超变区设计种特异引物,建立了灵敏、特异的PCR检测方法。本研究结果将为兔球虫强致病种的临床诊断和揭示兔球虫种群遗传特征提供有效的分子工具。 相似文献
12.
The activity of a mixture of sulphadimethoxine and pyrimethamine (10:3) as prophylactic medication and prophylactic and therapeutic medication was studied in rabbits experimentally infected with Eimeria stiedai. The haematocrit index (packed cell volume) and haemoglobin levels were studied for assessment of drug toxicity. The activity in serum of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase and gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase were studied as indicators of hepatic lesions. Parasite development was followed on the basis of the presence of oocysts; other parameters were analysed in order to monitor the performance of infected animals. All the parameters studied showed that the chemoprophylactic medication provided efficient control of the infection and of the hepatic lesions. Serum AST activity was seen to be a good indicator of the effect of the drugs on the liver. 相似文献
13.
Dynamics and quantitative analyses of monospecific antibody during the primary and secondary humoral responses were determined in outbred rabbits and in the F1 generation of breeding with siblings. The antibody response in rabbits immunized with Keyhole Limpet Hemocyanin (KLH) was studied during a 4-month immunization period. ELISA determination of anti-KLH Ig and anti-KLH IgG alone, in preimmune and immune rabbit sera, was performed. Antibody response in both groups of rabbits was similar when assessed by anti-rabbit Ig but displayed differences when assessed by anti-rabbit IgG. A statistically significant increase in anti-KLH IgG was observed in the F1 inbred rabbits compared to the control group after primary immunization from days 14 to 35. Immunomodulation also elicited differences in the antibody response in the two groups of animals. C3-binding glycoprotein isolated from Cuscuta europea (C3bgp), applied simultaneously with antigen (KLH), produced a much stronger secondary immune response than the antigen alone, in both experimental groups. The enhancement of anti-KLH Ig in C3bgp-treated inbred rabbits was statistically significant in comparison with nontreated inbred rabbits. A significant increase in anti-KLH IgG was observed only for the inbred group after treatment with C3bgp. The results demonstrate that the F1 generation of breeding with sibling leads to significant differences in antibody responses to immunization compared with outbred rabbits, as well as to immunomodulation with C3bgp. 相似文献
14.
Encephalitozoon cuniculi (E. cuniculi) is a fungi-related, obligate, zoonotic, spore-forming intracellular eukaryotic microorganism. This emerging pathogen causes granulomas in brain and kidneys of infected individuals. The objective of this study was to detect the distribution of CD4, CD8 and MHCII-positive cells within granulomas in these organs in infected immunocompetent (group A) and infected immunosuppressed (group B) New Zealand white rabbits using immunohistochemistry. In brain, labeled CD4 immune cells were mainly located in the periphery of granulomas in group B. Kidneys of groups A and B, displayed CD4-positive in granulomas and were significant different when compared to brain. CD8 immune cells in brain and kidneys were disseminated in the granulomas in groups A and B; however, no significant difference was observed. MHCII-positive cells were more numerous in brain sections of group B and were significantly different when compared to kidney sections. Granulomas were not observed in control animals of group C and D. In conclusion, we identified CD4-positive cells in both the brain and kidneys of immunocompetent and immunosuppressed animals; CD8-positive cells were more numerous in brain of immunosuppressed rabbits and MHCII cells were more predominant in brain of immunocompetent rabbits. Apparently, the immunosuppression stimulated a change in the cellular phenotype of Th1- to Th2-like granulomas in brain and kidneys by an unknown mechanism. These results increase our understanding of CD4, CD8 and MHCII positive cells within the E. cuniculi granuloma microenvironment and will help in future microsporidian granulomas studies of both immunocompetent and immunosuppressed individuals. 相似文献
15.
Kipper M Da Silva AS Oliveira CB Andretta I Paim FC da Silva CB Leon R Corrêa K Stainki DR Lopes ST Monteiro SG 《Research in veterinary science》2011,91(2):240-242
Trypanosoma evansi infections in domestic animals are characterized by anemia and thrombocytopenia. The cause of the platelets decrease is unknown, but researchers suggest that thrombocytopenia may result from damage of the bone marrow, reduced survival of platelets, auto-immune thrombocytopenia, disseminated intravascular coagulation and splenic sequestration. Some of these causes have already been tested by our research group and found to be unrelated. Therefore, this study has the objective of testing the hypothesis that splenic sequestration might be responsible for thrombocytopenia in T. evansi-infected rats. A total of 28 rats assigned to four groups were used in the experiment. Group A rats were splenectomized and infected with T. evansi, group B rats were infected with T. evansi, group C rats were splenectomized, but not infected and group D rats were normal controls. Five days post-infection all rats were anesthetized and blood was collected in order to measure the number of circulating platelets, fibrinogen levels, prothrombin time (PT) and activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT). The spleens of groups B and D were weighed at necropsy. The infected animals (groups A and B) showed a significant reduction in platelets and increased PT and aPTT when compared to negative control groups (groups C and D). Animals from group A showed increased levels of fibrinogen. The mean weight of spleen differed between group B (2.62 g) and group D (0.55 g). It was concluded that there is no relationship between thrombocytopenia and splenic sequestration in infection by T. evansi. 相似文献
16.
对试验兔进行抗肝球虫试验,观察其病理现象,并记录攻毒对照组患兔的剖检症状,制作其肝脏切片进行显微观察和照相。同时采用3种中药方刑和球王珠利叶病免进行治疗,试验证明,常白加味汤和球王珠利时球虫有良好疗效。 相似文献
17.
Efficacy of diclazuril in the prevention and cure of intestinal and hepatic coccidiosis in rabbits 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The efficacy of diclazuril against intestinal and hepatic coccidiosis was studied in artificially infected rabbits. Prophylaxis against intestinal coccidiosis was evaluated using a mixed infection of Eimeria intestinalis, Eimeria magna and Eimeria perforans. Continuous medication in the feed at 1 p.p.m. was 100% effective in reducing oocyst output and faecal scores, and weight gain and feed efficiency were normal. Hepatic coccidiosis induced by Eimeria stiedai was prevented at 0.5 and 1 p.p.m. as shown by negative oocyst counts, normal liver weight, absence of liver lesions, and normal body-weight gain and feed efficiency. Medication at 1 p.p.m. for 7 consecutive days during the prepatent phase of hepatic coccidiosis resulted in large reductions in oocyst counts and lesion scores with a normal liver weight and growth performance. Diclazuril at 1 p.p.m. in the feed prevented both intestinal and hepatic coccidiosis in rabbits and can be advocated for safe mass medication. 相似文献
18.
Shafaa MW El Shazly LH El Shazly AH El gohary AA El hossary GG 《Veterinary ophthalmology》2011,14(1):18-25
Objective To evaluate the effects of liposome‐bound tetracycline eye drops in a rabbit dry eye model evaluating their advantage of being less allergic, preservative free and prolonged action compared with other tear substitutes. Procedures New Zealand albino rabbits were equally divided into control group and dry eye induced groups. Dryness was induced in 24 eyes of 12 healthy adult male albino rabbits by instilling atropine sulfate eye drops 1% three times daily for 1 week, then animals were subdivided into four groups; group 1 (rabbits with dry eye model), groups 2, 3, and 4: rabbits with dry eye model treated for 7 days starting on 7th day of dryness induction with either tetracycline, empty liposome, or combined tetracycline with liposome as topical eye drops respectively. Schirmer (STT) test and tear break up time (TBUT) were assessed on days 0, 2, 4, 7, 9, 11, and 14. Animals were sacrificed on day 14 and histopathological examination of the cornea and conjunctiva was performed. Results Tear break up time and STT test values were significantly improved in groups 2, 3, 4 as compared with group 1. The histopathological examination showed normal cytoarchitecture of corneas and conjunctivae in groups 2, 3, 4 against the dryness effect that continued to affect the cornea and conjunctival epithelium in group 1. There was a significant improvement in the group treated with liposome‐bound tetracycline eye drops (group 4) as compared with tetracycline alone (group 2) and empty liposome (group 3). Conclusion The use of liposome encapsulated tetracycline significantly improved STT and TBUT values as well as reverse surface ocular pathology. 相似文献
19.
M H Al-Haddawi S Jasni M Zamri-Saad A R Mutalib A R Sheikh-Omar 《Research in veterinary science》1999,67(2):163-170
Twenty-four 8 to 9 week-old Pasteurella multocida -free rabbits were divided into three equal groups, the first group was pretreated with hydrocortisone and inoculated intranasally with pasteurella multocida serotype A:3. The second group was inoculated intranasally with P. multocida without hydrocortisone treatment. The third group was inoculated with phosphate buffered saline only and used as a control group. Pasteurella multocida was isolated from the nasal cavity of all infected rabbits in group 1 and 2 and from the trachea of seven rabbits in group 1 and five rabbits in group 2. This study was conducted to observe the ultrastructural changes of the upper respiratory tract of hydrocortisone treated and non-treated rabbits infected with P. multocida serotype A:3. The ultrastructural changes detected in infected rabbits were ciliary destruction and deciliation of the ciliated epithelial cells, cellular swelling, goblet cell hyperplasia and endothelial cell damage. Pasteurella multocida was observed attached to the degenerated cilia, microvilli and mucus. Pasteurella multocida infection was associated with inflammatory responses, which may have caused tissue damage. It is possible that hydrocortisone modulates the severity of infection as an immune suppressor and an inhibitor of goblet cell secretion. 相似文献
20.
中草药复合添加剂防治兔球虫病及增重效果研究 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
选用无感染幼兔４２只,随机分为Ａ、Ｂ、Ｃ、Ｄ、Ｅ５组,进行防治兔球虫病和增重试验,其中Ａ组为中药加矿微加喹乙醇组,Ｂ组为中药加矿微组,Ｃ组为西药对比组,Ｄ组为感染不给药组,Ｅ组为不感染不给药组;在同样饲料、同等饲养条件下,饲养３０天。结果,Ａ组保护率９０％,增重率９８．２％;Ｂ组保护率１００％,增重率１３２．１％;Ｃ组保护率９０％,增重率７６．６％;Ｄ组兔于第１１天全部死亡;Ｅ组保护率１００％,增重率９６．２％。试验结果证明,保护率以纯中药Ｂ组最佳,Ａ组次之,增重率Ａ、Ｂ组均高于Ｃ组和Ｅ组,以Ｂ组最佳。 相似文献