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1.
Identification of genetic loci for grain yield-related traits in the wheat population Zhongmai 578/Jimai 22 
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下载免费PDF全文 《农业科学学报》2023,22(7):1985-1999
The identification of stable quantitative trait locus (QTL) for yield-related traits and tightly linked molecular markers is important for improving wheat grain yield. In the present study, six yield-related traits in a recombinant inbred line (RIL) population derived from the Zhongmai 578/Jimai 22 cross were phenotyped in five environments. The parents and 262 RILs were genotyped using the wheat 50K single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) array. A high-density genetic map was constructed with 1 501 non-redundant bin markers, spanning 2 384.95 cM. Fifty-three QTLs for six yield-related traits were mapped on chromosomes 1D (2), 2A (9), 2B (6), 2D, 3A (2), 3B (2), 4A (5), 4D, 5B (8), 5D (2), 7A (7), 7B (3) and 7D (5), which explained 2.7–25.5% of the phenotypic variances. Among the 53 QTLs, 23 were detected in at least three environments, including seven for thousand-kernel weight (TKW), four for kernel length (KL), four for kernel width (KW), three for average grain filling rate (GFR), one for kernel number per spike (KNS) and four for plant height (PH). The stable QTLs QKl.caas-2A.1, QKl.caas-7D, QKw.caas-7D, QGfr.caas-2B.1, QGfr.caas-4A, QGfr.caas-7A and QPh.caas-2A.1 are likely to be new loci. Six QTL-rich regions on 2A, 2B, 4A, 5B, 7A and 7D, showed pleiotropic effects on various yield traits. TaSus2-2B and WAPO-A1 are potential candidate genes for the pleiotropic regions on 2B and 7A, respectively. The pleiotropic QTL on 7D for TKW, KL, KW and PH was verified in a natural population. The results of this study enrich our knowledge of the genetic basis underlying yield-related traits and provide molecular markers for high-yield wheat breeding. 相似文献
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【目的】将bZIP类转录因子基因AtTGA4转化小麦创制耐低磷转基因小麦新材料,同时分析AtTGA4提高小麦抗逆性的生理机制,为小麦耐低磷胁迫分子育种奠定基础。【方法】采用最小表达框基因枪转化法将AtTGA4和筛选标记基因Bar共转化受体小麦石4056,通过PCR检测筛选出无Bar并能稳定遗传AtTGA4的转基因小麦新株系。基于试验地土壤养分含量状况施用不同水平的磷肥,形成一定程度的正常和低磷营养胁迫,对AtTGA4转基因小麦新株系进行低磷胁迫耐受性试验。在开花期进行了光系统Ⅱ原初光能转化效率（light efficiency of the light system Ⅱ,Fv/Fm）,叶绿素相对含量（soil and plant analyzer development readings,SPAD值）和气冠温差（canopy temperature depression,CTD）等生理指标的测定,在成熟期进行了株高、分蘖数、穗粒数等农艺性状的调查,并在小麦收获后进行了产量及不同组分（根、茎、叶、籽粒）磷浓度和磷吸收、残留总量的测定和统计。【结果】PCR分析结果证明,AtTGA4已在石4056小麦中稳定遗传至T4代,共获得4个稳定转基因株系。根据土壤养分含量测定结果,在正常条件地块施加812.39 kg·hm-2的过磷酸钙,低磷处理地块不施磷肥。产量及农艺性状统计结果显示,AtTGA4转基因株系L1和L2在正常和低磷胁迫条件下的产量相对于受体对照小麦显著增加,正常条件下产量增幅为5.3%-8.6%,低磷胁迫下产量增幅为4.4%-7.7%。在低磷胁迫条件下,过表达AtTGA4的转基因小麦种子千粒重显著比受体显著增加。开花期田间生理指标测定结果显示,转基因株系L1和L2在低磷条件下的Fv/Fm和CTD明显优于受体,而SPAD值没有明显差异。田间调查时发现,低磷条件下受体比转基因材料提早结束灌浆,表现在穗子提早变黄。成熟末期磷含量测定结果显示,转基因株系L1和L2在低磷条件下茎杆磷浓度比受体显著提高,在其他组织中则无显著差异。2个转基因株系在低磷条件下茎、叶和籽粒吸收、残留的总磷含量都要高于受体,地上部总磷含量增幅达6.38%-17.47%。转基因材料AtTGA4表达量分析结果显示,目标基因在株系L2中的表达量较株系L1中的低,是株系L1的0.69倍。【结论】在低磷胁迫条件下AtTGA4可以显著提高转基因小麦对磷元素的吸收及运输,提高转基因小麦的产量,进而提高转基因小麦对低磷胁迫的耐性。 相似文献
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Sabina Asghar Muhammad Kashif Abdus Salam Khan Ihsan Khaliq Jehanzeb Farooq 《Frontiers of Agriculture in China》2011,5(2):141-145
Cultivar mixtures have been suggested as ways to increase crop productivity. This field study was conducted to investigate
the competition among five cultivated varieties of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) for the traits like plant height, flag leaf area, fertile tillers per plant, spike length, spikelets per spike, spike
density, grain weight per spike, and seed index in relation to competition with yield per plant. It was observed that cultivar
mixtures ought to be more productive than corresponding pure stands. Four binary combinations of Seher2006-Kohistan97, Farid2006-SH2002,
SH2002-Shahkar95, and SH2002-Kohistan97 were superior in performance, showing land equivalent ratio (LER) values greater than
one for plant height, fertile tillers per plant, spike density, grain weight per spike, and grain yield per plant. It was
observed that the performance of binary mixtures was mainly due to the increased average performance in spike density, grain
weight per spike, and grain yield per plant. The competitive ability of wheat varieties in mixtures was independent of each
other for the respective traits, which lead to cumulative effects for the increased performance within the associates in mixtures. 相似文献
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Genotype×tillage interaction and the performance of winter bread wheat genotypes in temperate and cold dryland conditions 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 Ebrahim ROOHI Reza MOHAMMADI Abdoul Aziz NIANE Javad VAFABAKHSH Mozaffar ROUSTAEE Mohammad Reza JALAL KAMALI Shahriar SOHRABI Shahriar FATEHI Hossain TARIMORADI 《农业科学学报》2022,21(11):3199-3215
Growing concerns for food security and the alleviation of hunger necessitate knowledge-based crop management technologies for sustainable crop production. In this study, 13 winter bread wheat genotypes (old, relatively old, modern, and breeding lines) were evaluated under three different tillage systems, i.e., conventional tillage (CT, full tillage with residue removed), reduced tillage (RT, chisel tillage with residue retained) and no-tillage (NT, no-tillage with residue retained on the soil surface) in farmer's fields under rainfed conditions using strip-plot arrangements in a randomized complete block design with three replications in the west of Iran (Kamyaran and Hosseinabad locations) over two cropping seasons (2018–2019 and 2019–2020).The main objectives were to investigate the effects of tillage systems and growing conditions on the agronomic characteristics, grain yield and stability performance of rainfed winter bread wheat genotypes.Significant (P<0.01) genotype×tillage system interaction effects on grain yield and agronomic traits suggested that the genotypes responded differently to the different tillage systems. The number of grains per spike and plant height were positively (P<0.0) associated with grain yield under the NT system, so they may be considered as targeted traits for future wheat breeding. Using statistical models, the modern cultivars (“Sadra” and “Baran”) were identified as high yielding and showed yield stability across the different tillage systems. As per each tillage system, genotype “Sadra” followed by “Zargana-6//Dari 1-7 Sabalan” exhibited higher adaption to CT; while cultivars “Jam” and “Azar2” showed better performance under the RT system; and cultivars “Varan” and “Baran” tended to have better performance expression in the NT condition.The increased grain yields achieved in combination with lower costs and greater profits from conservation agriculture suggest that adapted cultivar and NT systems should be evaluated and promoted more widely to farmers in the west of Iran as an attractive package of crop management technologies.In conclusion, variations in the performance of genotypes and the significant genotype×tillage system interaction effects on grain yield and some agronomic traits assessed in this study suggest that the development and selection of cultivars adapted to the NT system should be considered and included in the strategies and objectives of winter wheat breeding programs for the temperate and cold dryland conditions of Iran. 相似文献
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构建植物过表达载体pHZM1N-P ZmMRP-1::ZmMRP-1，利用农杆菌介导的玉米愈伤组织转化法将其导入玉米自交系A188中，获得12个独立的PCR阳性转化株系。对转基因株系进行Southern blot检测、qRT-PCR分析，发现OE-8、OE-19株系以单拷贝形式插入玉米基因组中并过量表达。对获得的转 ZmMRP-1基因T2代材料进行玉米产量相关性状考察，相比较野生型，转基因株系在粒长、粒宽、百粒质量等方面均显著提高，可有效改良玉米产量相关性状，为高产转基因玉米新品种培育提供基础材料支持。 相似文献
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调查了玉米自交系Mo17、黄早4以及由这2个材料构建的F9重组自交系(Recombinant inbred line,RIL)群体的百粒重、容重、穗粒重和出子率4个产量相关性状,对这4个性状在群体中的表现用SPSS 11.5软件进行了描述性统计和相关分析,并构建了频数分布图。试验结果显示,2个亲本在4个性状上均存在差异,容重和穗粒重2个性状在群体中呈现连续变异,而百粒重和出子率2个性状在群体中的变异不连续。 相似文献
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【目的】通过分析不同杂交小麦组合及其亲本苗期叶片的光合特性与籽粒产量的相关性,为杂交小麦强优势组合早期筛选和预测提供理论依据。【方法】以2个恢复系和4个不育系及其配制的6个杂交小麦组合为材料,在大田种植条件下测定小麦苗期叶片的光合特性,包括净光合速率（Pn）、气孔导度（Gs）、胞间CO2浓度（Ci）、蒸腾速率（Tr）、水分利用效率（WUE）、叶绿素含量、Rubisco活性及其大小亚基编码基因rbcL、rbcS相对表达量;调查成熟期的产量性状,包括株高、主穗穗长、单株地上生物量、有效穗数、穗粒数、单株籽粒产量、主穗小穗数、千粒重、收获指数,并分析杂种优势以及光合性状与产量性状的相关性。【结果】杂交小麦苗期的净光合速率、气孔导度、蒸腾速率均表现出显著的超高亲优势,其中净光合速率的平均超高亲优势为15.4%,气孔导度为21.3%,蒸腾速率则为11.46%,净光合速率值高的恢复系所配制的杂交组合具有更高的净光合速率和杂种优势,而胞间二氧化碳浓度、水分利用效率则少数有负向优势。成熟期有效穗数、单株籽粒产量及单株生物量具有较高的超高亲优势,其中穗数的超高亲优势值达到最高,平均优势值为34.21%。相关性分析表明,净光合速率与气孔导度、蒸腾速率、单株生物量和单株籽粒产量呈显著或极显著正相关,说明气孔导度、蒸腾速率可辅助筛选高光合小麦,同时苗期净光合速率与产量关系密切。叶绿素含量、Rubisco活性、大小亚基编码基因rbcL、rbcS相对表达量的杂种优势差异较大,其中杂交小麦Rubisco活性均高于双亲,且具有显著的超高亲优势,平均超高亲优势为5.38%。编码基因中,与rbcL相比rbcS具有更高的超高亲优势和中亲优势,而叶绿素含量主要表现为负向优势,少数表现出中亲优势,极少数表现出超高亲优势,且各项指标与净光合速率均无显著相关性。【结论】杂交小麦在苗期已表现出显著的杂种优势,尤其是净光合速率、气孔导度和蒸腾速率,而净光合速率与单株产量、单株生物量显著正相关,因此结合小麦杂交组合的田间表现,苗期净光合速率高低可以作为早期预测杂交组合的产量潜力的参考依据。 相似文献
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冬小麦产量与群体整齐度遗传分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
文章以12个冬小麦品系为试验材料,收获后分析其产量性状、农艺性状和群体整齐度。探究有显著差异性状遗传力及群体整齐度对产量及产量构成影响。结果表明,穗长整齐度和穗粒数整齐度与小麦产量及千粒重显著相关。育种过程中,通过提高冬小麦穗长和穗粒数整齐度增加冬小麦产量是有效途径。 相似文献
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小麦氮素利用效率的基因型差异及相关特性分析 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4
【目的】对长江中下游麦区小麦种质进行氮素利用效率基因型差异分析,明确不同种质材料的氮素利用特性,为小麦氮素高效育种及相关分子机理研究奠定基础,同时探讨氮素利用效率与不同生育期性状的相关关系,为建立小麦氮素高效利用的评价指标提供参考。【方法】大田条件下,设置低氮(纯氮62.55 kg·hm~(-2))和正常氮(纯氮187.5 kg·hm~(-2))2种氮素水平,以主要来自于长江中下游麦区不同时期的小麦种质118份为材料进行氮素利用效率基因型差异分析,通过对苗期地上部干重、分蘖数、叶绿素含量;花期地上部干重、植株氮素浓度、氮素积累量;灌浆期旗叶叶绿素含量;成熟期籽粒产量、茎秆重、籽粒氮素浓度、茎秆氮素浓度、籽粒与茎秆氮素积累量、穗数、穗粒数、千粒重、收获指数和氮素收获指数等22个性状的测定与计算,研究氮素利用效率与不同性状之间的相关关系,并根据材料的氮素利用效率差异对不同种质材料进行划分。【结果】供试小麦材料在2种氮素水平下,各研究性状均存在较大的差异。相关性分析显示植株成熟期茎秆重、地上部生物学产量、收获指数、穗数、植株花期生物学产量、成熟期籽粒氮素积累量、茎秆氮素积累量、氮素收获指数和花期氮素积累量均与籽粒产量呈显著正相关关系;植株氮素生理利用率除了与氮素收获指数显著正相关外,与茎秆重、穗数、籽粒和茎秆氮素浓度及氮素积累量均显著负相关。根据2种氮素水平下产量,供试材料被划分为双高效型、双低效型、高氮高效型和低氮高效型。双高效型和高氮高效型材料对增施氮素反应更为敏感。低氮高效型材料灌浆期旗叶叶绿素含量显著高于其他3种类型,说明氮素胁迫条件下,旗叶持绿性有助于提高植株氮素利用效率。【结论】供试小麦材料氮素利用效率在不同氮素水平下差异显著。不同氮效类型小麦材料对氮素响应不同,高氮高效型对氮素反应敏感,适合于高氮种植;双高效型和低氮高效材料具有耐贫瘠的能力,是氮素高效育种的优质材料。在2种氮素水平下,除了植株成熟期及花期地上部干重、植株氮素积累量等常规指标外,植株穗数也可作为小麦氮素高效利用的评价指标。 相似文献
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Yield-related agronomic traits evaluation for hybrid wheat and relations of ethylene and polyamines biosynthesis to filling at the mid-grain filling stage 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 YANG Wei-bing QIN Zhi-lie SUN Hui LIAO Xiang-zheng GAO Jian-gang WANG Yong-bo HOU Qi-ling CHEN Xian-chao TIAN Li-ping ZHANG li-ping MA Jin-xiu CHEN Zhao-bo ZHANG Feng-ting ZHAO Chang-ping 《农业科学学报》2020,19(10):2407-2418
Because of the yield increase of 3.5–15% compared to conventional wheat, hybrid wheat is considered to be one of the main ways to greatly improve the wheat yield in the future. In this study, we performed a principal component analysis(PCA) on two-line hybrids wheat and their parents using the grain weight(GW), the length of spike(LS), the kernel number of spike(KSN), and spike number(SPN) as variables. The results showed that the variables could be classified into three main factors, the weight factor(factor 1), the quantity factor 1(factor 2) and the quantity factor 2(factor 3), which accounted for 37.1, 22.6 and 18.5%, respectively of the total variance in different agronomic variables, suggesting that the GW is an important indicator for evaluating hybrid combinations, and the grain weight of restorer line(RGW) could be used as a reference for parents selection. The hybrid combination with a higher score in factor 1 direction and larger mid-parent heterosis(MPH) of the GW and its parents were used to carry out the analysis of grain filling, 1-aminocylopropane-1-carboxylicacid(ACC) and polyamine synthesis related genes. The results suggested that the GW of superior grain was significantly higher than that of inferior grains in BS1453×JS1(H) and its parents. Both grain types showed a weight of H between BS1453(M) and JS1(R), and a larger MPH, which may be caused by their differences in the active filling stage and the grain filling rate. The ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase(AGPase), granule bound starch synthase Ⅰ(GBSSI), starch synthase Ⅲ(SSS), and starch branching enzyme-I(SBE-I) expression levels of H were intermediated between M and R, which might be closely related to MPH formation of the GW. Compared with R and H, the GW of M at maturity was the lowest. The expression levels of spermidine synthase 2(Spd2), ornithine decarboxylase(ODC) and S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase(SAMDC) had significantly positive correlations with the grain filling rate(r=0.77*, 0.51*, 0.59*), suggesting their major roles in the grain filling and heterosis formation. These provide a theoretical basis for improving the GW of photo-thermo-sensitive male sterile lines(PTSMSL) by changing the endogenous polyamine synthesis in commercial applications. 相似文献
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为研究四川水稻高产理想株系穗部性状的遗传特性,并筛选出高产且综合农艺性状好的新材料,利用籼稻CG133R与爪哇稻22号构建的重组自交系(RIL)群体,对其单株有效穗、一次枝梗数、穗长、每穗着粒数和千粒重等9个性状的遗传变异进行考查和相关性分析;对其单株产量与各农艺性状进行逐步回归分析与通径分析;对单株产量位列前8名的优系分析其穗部性状表现,并根据单株产量高低分成2组深入进行性状间的相关分析。结果表明,RIL群体穗部性状上发生了极广泛的变异。逐步回归分析和通径分析发现,水稻单株产量的主要贡献因素为有效穗实粒数千粒重。经过对其优系分析,初步确立四川稻区高产理想株系穗部性状的指标为有效穗数7~9个、一次枝梗数18~20个、穗长27.0~30.0cm、着粒数320粒、实粒数290粒、着粒密度120粒/10cm、结实率81%~92%、千粒重20.0~27.0g。进一步对RIL群体中单株产量位列前4名的株系分析发现,其有效穗数和着粒数呈显著正相关(P0.001)。表明打破了有效穗数和着粒数间的不利连锁关系,出现了优良变异。这些优系可作为新种质进行深入分析和利用。 相似文献
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Rui-cai HAN Adnan Rasheed Yu-peng WANG Zhi-feng WU Shuang-qin TANG xiao-hua PAN Qing-hua SHI Zi-ming WU 《农业科学学报》2018,17(8):1736-1744
Xanthine dehydrogenase(XDH) is a crucial enzyme involved in purine metabolism. To evaluate the effect of XDH deficiency on rice growth during dark treatment, wild type(WT) Nipponbare(Oryza sativa L.) and two independent transgenic lines with severe RNAi suppression(xdh3 and xdh4) were used in the present experiment. Under normal growth conditions, chlorophyll levels and biomass were indistinguishable between WT and the two RNAi transgenic lines, but XDH enzyme activity and ureide levels were suppressed in XDH RNAi transgenic lines. When XDH RNAi transgenic lines were subjected to dark treatment, chlorophyll content and biomass were significantly decreased, while O_2~–· production rate and malonaldehyde(MDA) were significantly increased compared to WT. The spraying test of exogenous allantoin raised chlorophyll content and biomass and reduced O_2~–· production rate and MDA in WT and both transgenic lines, and it also simultaneously reduced differences between RNAi and WT plants caused by XDH deficiency in growth potential and anti-oxidative capacity under dark treatment. These results suggested that fully functional purine metabolism plays an important role in reducing the sensitivity of rice seedlings to dark stress. 相似文献
15.
[目的]探究水稻产量与其相关性状间的相关性。[目的]以有代表性的44块田作为样本点,采集影响水稻产量的有关性状,并分为产量相关性状组和农艺性状组,系统运用简单相关、复相关和典型相关分析等方法进行全面分析。[结果]产量与产量相关性状组之间存在极强的相关性,其中与穗数和穗粒数的相关性较强;产量与农艺性状组的相关性并不显著,但农艺性状组可通过产量相关性状组间接作用于产量;在一定范围内,二次枝梗数越多,倒1叶长度越短,产量也越高。[结论]实际生产中,同时增加有效穗数和穗粒数是夺取高产、超高产的根本途径,但在高产水平上实现更高产,关键要在足穗数的基础上增加穗粒数。 相似文献
16.
小麦开花及灌浆期叶片叶绿素含量与产量性状的相关分析 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
[目的]探讨小麦开花及灌浆期叶片叶绿素含量与产量性状的相关性。[方法]以9个不同类型的小麦品系为材料,对旗叶和倒二叶的叶绿素含量、千粒重、穗粒数、单穗重等进行测定,并进行相关分析。[结果]在相同的环境条件下,不同类型的小麦在不同时期叶绿素含量均存在较大差异;小麦旗叶和倒二叶在开花期和灌浆期叶绿素含量的变化规律大致相同,都表现为先缓慢升高,灌浆1、2期达到最高峰后慢慢下降,灌浆3期下降较快,灌浆4期表现最低。旗叶在灌浆2、3期的叶绿素含量与单穗重分别呈极显著和显著正相关;灌浆2、3、4期的叶绿素含量分别与千粒重呈极显著正相关;倒二叶在开花期和灌浆1、2、3期叶绿素含量分别与单穗重和千粒重呈显著或极显著正相关;倒二叶在灌浆3期与小区产量呈显著正相关。[结论]该研究为小麦高产育种和利用提供了科学依据。 相似文献
17.
成都平原周年耕作模式对稻茬小麦产量与品质性状的持续效应 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
【目的】小麦产量和品质性状除了受遗传因子控制外,还受到生态环境条件和耕作栽培措施等外部因子的影响。研究周年耕作模式对小麦产量和品质的持续效应可为优化区域耕作制度提供依据。【方法】基于2004年小麦秋播时建立的长期定位试验,研究成都平原稻麦轮作区耕作方式与秸秆还田两个因素的5种周年组合模式（麦免稻旋WZRR,麦免稻旋+秋菜WZRRV,麦稻双免WZRZ,麦稻双免垄作WRZB,周年旋耕无秸秆还田CK）对小麦生长发育、产量与品质性状的持续影响效应。【结果】所有耕作模式的小麦产量及产量构成因子在年际间均呈波动性变化,对照产量在多数年份都处于低值水平,7年平均较其它处理低3.0%-4.7%,随时间推延下降趋势明显,年均递减0.125 t•hm-2。所有处理的有效穗均无明显的时间变化趋势,但穗粒数下降趋势和千粒重上升趋势明显。7年平均,对照的有效穗显著低于其它处理,而穗粒数、单位面积粒数和千粒重在处理之间均无显著性差异。免耕与秸秆还田组合模式具有不同程度提高小麦主要生育阶段耕层土壤速效N、P、K含量和改善中后期个体与冠层质量的作用。WZRZ、WRZB处理的多数小麦品质性状与CK相当或略优,而WZRR、WZRRV处理有降低籽粒蛋白质含量、沉降值、面团稳定时间的趋势。【结论】免耕与秸秆还田利于稳定小麦产量和改善耕地质量,尤以周年免耕秸秆全量还田模式最好。 相似文献
18.
【目的】研究水稻产量相关性状的遗传效应、遗传率和遗传相关,旨在加深理解水稻产量相关性状遗传体系。【方法】以几个重要的恢复系和不育系为材料,采用加性-显性-母体效应遗传模型(ADM模型)和统计分析方法研究水稻产量相关性状遗传效应、遗传率和遗传相关。【结果】研究表明水稻产量相关性状同时受加性效应、显性效应和母体效应的控制,穗总粒数、单株总粒数、千粒重和单株重以加性效应占主导,株高和单株有效穗则由显性效应和母体效应共同控制;狭义遗传率以千粒重的表现最高,单株重次之;不育系中粤泰A能增加单株有效穗,Y58S和中9A能增加单株总粒数;恢复系中绵恢725能增加穗总粒数、单株粒数、单株重和千粒重;此外,遗传相关研究表明通过增加穗总粒数和单株总粒数可以达到增加单株重的目的,而要选到穗总粒数较多的材料有效穗不能太多。【结论】在水稻产量相关性状育种实践中,应根据水稻产量相关性状的遗传方式不同采用不同的选育方法。穗总粒数、单株总粒数、千粒重、单株重和播始历期可在常规聚合育种上通过世代综合选择,使加性效应得以稳定遗传,而株高和单株有效穗在杂种优势利用上有一定的潜力。千粒重和单株重早期世代选择效果较好,株高和单株有效穗高代选择比较适宜。 相似文献
19.
[目的]分析杂交水稻亲本产量相关性状的配合力。[方法]以5个三系不育系和5个恢复系采用不完全双列杂交(NCⅡ)设计,对产量相关性状进行了配合力分析。[结果]F_1产量相关性状的遗传同时受加性效应和非加性效应控制;在单株产量上,不育系一般配合力由大到小依次为301A、421A、606A、五丰A、贡A,恢复系一般配合力由大到小依次为R208、R615、玉桂、华占、R319;狭义遗传力的由大到小依次为千粒重、穗颈长、穗长、穗总粒数、穗实粒数、剑叶长、单株有效穗、株高、结实率、播始历期。[结论]该研究为亲本材料的合理利用提供理论依据。 相似文献
20.
沼肥不同用量对小麦光合特性和产量的影响 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
在大田条件下用沼肥作基肥,通过6个不同施用量观测其对小麦不同时期叶片光合特性和产量的影响,结果表明:施用沼肥,能有效地提高小麦叶片的叶绿素含量(Chl)、光合速率(Pn)、叶片水分利用效率(WUE)和产量;在22500 kg/hm2施肥水平下,小区产量、单位面积穗数、千粒重最高;在30000 kg/hm2施肥水平下的光合速率、蒸腾速率、拔节期叶绿素含量最高。在37500 kg/hm2施肥水平下的株高、穗下节长、穗粒数明显高于对照;基肥施用沼肥的各处理小麦产量比对照提高了12.4%~26.14%,沼肥施用量在0~30000 kg/hm2范围内叶绿素含量、叶片光合速率、产量随着施肥量的增加而提高,但过量的施用沼肥会抑制叶绿素的合成、降低光合速率。沼肥在麦田作基肥的最佳施肥量应在22500~30000 kg/hm2左右。 相似文献