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基于机器视觉图像特征参数的马铃薯质量和形状分级方法 总被引：9，自引：6，他引：3
马铃薯自动分级过程中,存在既要保证分级精度又对分级速度有一定要求的难点问题。该文探讨了利用机器视觉技术快速获取马铃薯图像特征参数,结合多元线性回归方法,建立马铃薯质量和形状分级预测模型,实现基于无损检测的马铃薯自动分级。搭建了同时获取马铃薯三面投影图像的机器视觉系统,通过图像数据处理获得马铃薯俯视图像轮廓面积、两侧面图像轮廓面积、俯视及侧面图像外接矩形长度及宽度数据等图像特征参数,通过多元数据回归分析,建立了马铃薯质量和形状分级预测模型。选择100个试验样本运用该方法进行质量和形状分级模型构建和预测,采用电子称获取样本实际质量,采用目测法对马铃薯进行形状分选。对比试验结果表明,质量分级相关度系数R为0.991,形状分级分辨率为86.7%。表明该方法对马铃薯质量和形状分级进行预测具有可行性,可运用于马铃薯自动分选系统中。 相似文献
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芒果双面成熟度在线检测分级系统 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
芒果属于后熟水果,芒果成熟度分级可为芒果后熟、加工、包装、运输等工作提供便利条件。针对芒果形状不规则,难以对整个外观进行检测的问题,该文提出了一种基于迁移学习的芒果双面成熟度在线检测分级系统。通过上、下层输送带将芒果运输到图像采集区域,分别获取正、反面图像;2层输送带之间利用柔性翻面机构实现芒果无损翻面,通过压缩试验及ANSYS软件建模分析芒果承受挤压力范围。合并正、反2张图像并进行预处理,将数据以8:1.5:1.5的比例拆分为训练集、验证集、测试集,并用迁移学习方法在卷积神经网络模型进行芒果成熟度分级。使用卷积神经网络模型对芒果成熟度分级平均准确率达到96.72%,系统测定单个样品的平均耗时为0.16s,研究结果为芒果成熟度在线分级提供参考。 相似文献
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基于机器视觉的马铃薯自动分级方法 总被引：16，自引：14，他引：2
为了实现马铃薯的自动分级,设计了基于V型平面镜同时获取三面图像的马铃薯机器视觉分级系统,并提出了相应的分级算法。根据大小特性,提出基于最小外接柱体体积法的马铃薯大小分级检测方法;根据外形特性,采用最长径外接矩形的宽高比法,实现了类圆形、椭圆型以及长型马铃薯的分类;根据马铃薯缺陷特点,分别提出以缺陷面积大小作为判别准则的孔洞、干腐马铃薯判别方法,以外接矩形对角线长度作为判别准则的机械损伤马铃薯判别方法和基于交叉法的发芽、畸形马铃薯检测方法。最终马铃薯的分级正确率为91.0%。试验结果表明:基于机器视觉的马铃薯自动分级检测方法可行,可用于马铃薯外部品质的在线检测。 相似文献
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基于可形变VGG-16模型的田间作物害虫检测方法 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
由于田间害虫种类多,大小、形态、姿态、颜色和位置变化多样,且田间害虫的周围环境比较复杂,使传统田间害虫检测方法的性能不高,而现有基于卷积神经网络的作物害虫检测方法采用固定的几何结构模块,不能有效应用于田间多变的害虫检测。该研究在VGG-16模型的基础上构建了一种可形变VGG-16模型（Deformable VGG-16,DVGG-16）,并应用于田间作物害虫检测。在DVGG-16模型中,引入可形变卷积后能够适应不同形状、状态和尺寸等几何形变的害虫图像,提高了对形变图像的特征表达能力,然后利用1个全局平均池化层替代VGG-16模型中的3个全连接层,以加快模型的训练。通过DVGG-16模型与VGG-16模型对比试验发现,DVGG-16模型提升了对田间害虫图像的形状、大小等几何形变的适应能力,在不改变图像空间分辨率的情况下,实现了对不规则田间害虫图像的特征提取,在实际田间害虫图像数据库上的检测准确率为91.14%。试验结果表明,DVGG-16模型提升了VGG-16模型对害虫多样性图像的特征表达能力,具有一定的图像形变适应能力,能够较准确地检测到田间形状变化多样的害虫,可为田间复杂环境下作物害虫检测系统提供技术支持。 相似文献
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机器视觉系统在桔瓣质量检测中的应用 总被引：5，自引：3，他引：5
开发了一套罐装线实时在线质量检测视觉系统，用于装罐前桔瓣上头发等细长形杂质检测，以保证产品质量。硬件系统采用了6台彩色CCD摄像头，两台计算机的处理结构。软件系统依据杂质和背景在颜色分布及形状大小等特征上的差异进行分离，其核心是一种用于二值图像特征区域提取的新型连通算子—面积重构算子，利用该算子平滑图像时不破坏对象轮廓完整的优点，结合改进的区域生长、区域消减等算法，形成了一套完整的检测算法。试验显示系统处理能力约30片/s，错误率仅2%。该系统能满足实时生产准确性和在线处理的要求，为其实用化、商品化奠定了基础。 相似文献
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基于图像特征融合的苹果在线分级方法 总被引：8，自引：7，他引：1
苹果在线分级是提升苹果商品化价值的重要环节,需要同时满足分级准确度和速度要求。为进一步提高苹果在线分级效率,该文借助机器视觉技术动态采集苹果传输过程中的实时图像,提出改进的三层Canny边缘检测算法来提取苹果轮廓以克服采集图像中的光线噪声影响,通过分析苹果分级指标,采用判别树对苹果的果径、缺陷面积、色泽等特征进行初步分级判断,并采用粒子群参数优化的支持向量机对果形、果面纹理、颜色分布等特征进行模型构建与分级,最后,通过将两种分级判断结果进行决策融合来实现样本精确分级。同时,采取图像压缩和特征降维方法提高实时性。试验结果表明,基于图像特征决策融合的苹果分级准确率可达到95%,平均分级速率可达到4个/s。研究结果为水果的在线分级提供参考。 相似文献
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基于机器视觉的马铃薯质量和形状分选方法 总被引：10，自引：7，他引：3
马铃薯的质量和形状是机器视觉分级的2个重要特征和依据,为实现马铃薯质量与形状检测分级,该文提出了一种基于图像综合特征参数的分选方法。首先提取马铃薯俯视图的面积参数和侧视图的周长参数,通过回归分析建立马铃薯的质量检测模型,实现对马铃薯的质量分选;然后提取马铃薯俯视图像的6个不变矩参数,输入到已训练好的神经网络,完成对马铃薯形状分选。试验结果表明:该方法可以有效的检测马铃薯的质量并区分其形状,质量分选准确率为95.3%,薯形分选准确率为96%。可满足实际应用的要求。 相似文献
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球体图像灰度变换模型及其在柑桔图像校正中的应用 总被引：4，自引：3，他引：4
由于水果形状不规则，在利用机器视觉和图像处理技术进行水果品质检测和自动分级过程中，会产生图像失真现象。针对这一问题，通过分析在6个位置采集的3种不同尺寸、19种不同表面颜色的标准试验球体的图像，研究了球体的大小、表面颜色和图像采集位置等因素对球体图像灰度失真的影响，并分别建立了位于摄像视区中心的球体图像的灰度校正模型和偏离摄像视区中心的球体图像的灰度校正模型，模型的相关系数R2分别为0.796和0.842。最后，采用该模型在MATLAB软件平台上构建了柑桔图像的灰度校正算法。试验结果 相似文献
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低氮和干旱胁迫对富士和秦冠生长及氮素利用的影响 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
【目的】以富士（Fuji）、 秦冠（Qinguan）嫁接在平邑甜茶（Malus hupehensis Rehd.）上的当年生盆栽苗为试验材料,采用砂培方法,研究了缺氮胁迫和干旱对富士和秦冠生长情况、 光合参数、 植株各部位氮磷钾含量及氮素利用效率的影响,分析比较了低氮干旱条件下富士和秦冠生长及氮素利用的差异,以期为果树生产高效肥水利用提供理论指导。【方法】试验共设四个处理: 正常氮正常水（ZZ）、 低氮正常水（DZ）、 正常氮干旱（ZG）、 低氮干旱（DG）。氮素和水分均设置两个水平,分别为正常氮（6 mmol/L NO-3-N）、 低氮（0.3 mmol/LNO-3-N）、 正常供水（保持盆中砂子相对含水量为饱和含水量的80%~85%）、 干旱处理（保持盆中砂子相对含水量为饱和含水量的60%~65%）。【结果】富士和秦冠的生物量（茎和叶）、 株高茎粗等生长指标以及光合速率、 气孔导度、 蒸腾速率均为正常氮正常水（ZZ）＞低氮正常水（DZ）＞正常氮干旱（ZG）＞低氮干旱（DG）,并且相对应处理下秦冠的以上指标均高于富士;正常供水下,缺氮处理使富士、 秦冠的根冠比比正常氮处理均有所增加,富士提高了2.05%,秦冠提高了22.40%。富士和秦冠的氮、 磷、 钾含量均表现出正常氮正常水（ZZ）＞低氮正常水（DZ）＞正常氮干旱（ZG）＞低氮干旱（DG）; 氮、 钾元素含量在植株各部位的分布顺序依次是叶＞根＞茎,磷元素则是根＞叶＞茎;光合氮素利用效率（PNUE）和氮素利用效率表现为秦冠处理之间差异极显著,富士处理之间差异不显著;秦冠的PNUE和NUE明显高于富士,在低氮正常水（DZ）处理下,秦冠氮肥利用率比富士高42.07%,在低氮干旱（DG）处理下高64.14%;低氮胁迫下富士和秦冠的NUE显著提高,并且秦冠提高的幅度高于富士。【结论】施用氮肥能够显著提高富士与秦冠的干物质量,同等水肥条件下,秦冠生长优于富士;水分亏缺会减少叶片对氮的吸收,干旱条件下适度增施氮肥,可提高果树的抗旱能力;低氮干旱胁迫下秦冠的生长指标、 光合指标及氮素利用效率指标均优于富士,表现出较强的抗低氮干旱胁迫的能力。 相似文献
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Kyle Devey Michael Mucalo Gordon Rajendram Joseph Lane 《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2015,46(4):72-80
Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) is a new technique for the analysis of plant material. This study investigates the application of LIBS to pasture-based plant samples. The LIBS measurements were obtained from pelletized pasture samples (100 samples) that had been also analyzed by inductively coupled plasma–optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) following microwave digestion for calibration and comparison purposes. Comparisons for elements sodium (Na), potassium (K), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), manganese (Mn), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), boron (B), phosphorus (P), and sulfur (S) showed that LIBS could be used for almost all the standard profile total elements with concentrations down to low mg/kg levels (observed error of Na: 0.024 percent, K: 0.18 percent, Mg: 0.016 percent, Ca: 0.073 percent, P: 0.017 percent, Mn: 31 mg/kg, Fe: 150 mg/kg, Zn: 6.6 mg/kg, and B: 1.1 mg/kg). Elemental analysis at less than mg/kg levels was not possible using LIBS. The elements S and Cu were particularly difficult to analyze with reliability using LIBS at the concentration levels found in the plant samples. Replacing microwave digestion and subsequent ICP analysis with a direct analysis of dried plant samples using LIBS has the potential to improve the productivity and reduce the cost of testing. 相似文献
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I.L. Boyd 《Biological conservation》2010,143(7):1664-1674
“Wicked” problems are those that are complex and that change when solutions are applied. Many conflicts in conservation fall into this category. The study approached the problem of how to constrain the apparent wickedness of a problem in the conservation management of a species by using simple empirical indicators to carry out iterative assessment of the risk to a population and to document how this risk evolves in relation to the addition of new data and the implementation of management actions. Effects of high levels of uncertainty within data and also concerning population structure were examined through stochastic simulation and by exploration of scenarios. Historical trends in the example used, the Steller sea lion, showed rapid declines in abundance in some regions during the 1980s. The current total population is 130,000-150,000 Steller sea lions through Alaska and British Columbia and this number has been stable since about 1990 in spite of regional differences in population dynamics. Regional differences in the sequence of changes in the number of pups and non-pups, suggested that an internal re-distribution of juveniles could have happened between 1980 and 1990. Current productivity also appears close to the long-term mean. Stochastic population projection using various scenarios showed that, based upon this history, the risk of extinction for the population has declined and is below reasonable thresholds for considering the population to be endangered. The trends in risk suggest that management actions taken since 1990 have probably been effective. Consequently, the conservation management objectives for the Steller sea lion are probably being met. The approach provides a mechanism, based upon experience and scenario analysis, for exploring future policy options and may help to constrain the debate amongst stakeholders about the cost-benefit trade-offs associated with different options. 相似文献
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Soil-profile distribution of primary and secondary plant-available nutrients under conventional and no tillage 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Nutrient distributions under no tillage (NT) compared with conventional disk-and-bed tillage (CT) management in the warm, humid region of the southeastern USA need to be assessed so that future placement, quantity, and type of fertilizers can be altered, if necessary, to efficiently match crop demands. We determined soil-profile distributions of pH, N, P, S, K, Ca, Mg, Na, Zn, Fe, Mn, and Cu to a depth of 0.9 m at the end of 8.5 years of continuous CT and NT management on a Weswood silty clay loam (fine, mixed, thermic Fluventic Ustochrept) in southcentral Texas. Most dramatic changes occurred within the 0–0.05 m depth, where soil under NT had lower pH, Fe, and Cu than under CT, but greater P, K, Zn, and Mn. Greater P and K under NT than under CT also occurred below the till-zone (0.15–0.3 m). At a depth of 0–0.3 m, soil under NT contained greater amounts of extractable P, K, Zn, Fe, Mn, and Cu than under CT. Nitrogen fertilization had little effect on nutrient distributions, except resulting in greater extractable K at 0–0.05 m and greater nitrate at 0–0.15 m. Few changes in soil-profile distributions were observed for extractable S, Ca, Mg, and Na. Long-term continuous use of NT on this fine-textured, high-fertility (except for N) soil had no apparent adverse effects on nutrient distributions relative to CT, but enhanced conservation and availability of P, K, Zn, Fe, Mn, and Cu near the soil surface where crop roots proliferate. 相似文献
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《中国生态农业学报》2014,(8)
正The Center for Agricultural Resources Research(CARR),the Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology(IGDB),Chinese Academy of Sciences,invites applicants for several research group leader positions.CARR is one of the research organizations in Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS).We seek nominations and applications from individuals who have expertise and a record of accomplishment in research areas related to ecology,agro-hydrology, 相似文献
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M.A. Callaham Jr. J.M. BlairT.C. Todd D.J. KitchenM.R. Whiles 《Soil biology & biochemistry》2003,35(8):1079-1093
The responses of tallgrass prairie plant communities and ecosystem processes to fire and grazing are well characterized. However, responses of invertebrate consumer groups, and particularly soil-dwelling organisms, to these disturbances are not well known. At Konza Prairie Biological Station, we sampled soil macroinvertebrates in 1994 and 1999 as part of a long-term experiment designed to examine the effects and interactions of annual fire, mowing, and fertilization (N and P) on prairie soil communities and processes. For nearly all taxa, in both years, responses were characterized by significant treatment interactions, but some general patterns were evident. Introduced European earthworms (Aporrectodea spp. and Octolasion spp.) were most abundant in plots where fire was excluded, and the proportion of the total earthworm community consisting of introduced earthworms was greater in unburned, unmowed, and fertilized plots. Nymphs of two Cicada genera were collected (Cicadetta spp. and Tibicen spp.). Cicadetta nymphs were more abundant in burned plots, but mowing reduced their abundance. Tibicen nymphs were collected almost exclusively from unburned plots. Treatment effects on herbivorous beetle larvae (Scarabaeidae, Elateridae, and Curculionidae) were variable, but nutrient additions (N or P) usually resulted in greater densities, whereas mowing usually resulted in lower densities. Our results suggest that departures from historical disturbance regimes (i.e. frequent fire and grazing) may render soils more susceptible to increased numbers of European earthworms, and that interactions between fire, aboveground biomass removal, and vegetation responses affect the structure and composition of invertebrate communities in tallgrass prairie soils. 相似文献
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Yoav Bashan Bernardo Salazar Ma. Esther Puente Macario Bacilio Robert Linderman 《Biology and Fertility of Soils》2009,45(6):585-594
To evaluate the feasibility of long-term desert reforestation technology of mixed vegetation, cardon cactus (Pachycereus pringlei) seedlings from indoor and outdoor nurseries were planted in the field adjacent to one seedling of potential legume nurse
trees: mesquite amargo (Prosopis articulata), yellow palo verde (Parkinsonia microphylla), and blue palo verde (Parkinsonia florida). Some of the planting holes were also supplemented with common dairy compost. Additionally, the combinations of legume tree–cactus
were inoculated with either a consortium of desert arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi, plant growth promoting bacteria (PGPB;
the diazotroph Azospirillum brasilense Cd, and the phosphate solubilizer Paenibacillus sp.), or a mixture of all. The field experiments were evaluated periodically during 30 months for survival and growth. Cardons
reared in an outdoor screen house survived better in the field than those reared in a controlled growth chamber and hardened
later outdoors. Association with any legume nurse tree increased survival and enhanced growth of untreated cardons. For cardons
growing alone, application of either compost, AM fungi, and all the treatments combined increased survival. For these plants,
no treatment affected plant growth during the first 3 months after transplanting. Later, all treatments, except for AM fungi,
enhanced plant growth. However, only 2 years after transplanting the enhanced growth effect of AM fungi was also significant.
In the presence of the legume nurse trees, transient positive effects on cardon growth were recorded. General evaluation after
30 months of cultivation showed that the treatments positively affected cardon growth when growing alone or in combination
only with mesquite amargo but not with the other two legume trees. This study proposes that young legume trees have the capacity
to enhance survival and growth of cardon cactus, depending on the legume cactus combination. Additional treatments such as
compost or PGPB can either amplify the effect or else attenuate it. 相似文献
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Grete Skrede Berit Karoline Martinsen Anne-Berit Wold Stein-Erik Birkeland Kjersti Aaby 《Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B - Plant Soil Science》2013,63(3):193-208
Abstract A 3-year study was carried out to investigate quality parameters in 14 tree fruit and berry species grown in southern Norway. The species were blueberry, apple, aronia, sour cherry, sweet cherry, red raspberry, strawberry, blackcurrant, gooseberry, red currant and elderberry, harvested along with wild bilberry, cloudberry and lingonberry. Significant differences between species were identified for all quality parameters. The coefficient of variation between species was lowest for pH (12.5%), dry matter (18.9%) and soluble solids (25.3%), followed by titratable acids (59.3%), total phenolics (83.8%), antioxidant capacity FRAP (85.7%) and antiradical power by the DPPH-assay (97.8%), total monomeric anthocyanins (132%) and ascorbic acid (137%). Average coefficient of variation within species were lower and ranged from 4 (pH) to 62% (ascorbic acid). Only the FRAP values were significantly affected by harvesting year with lower levels in 2004 than in 2005 and 2006. There were significant interactions between species and harvesting year for dry matter, soluble solids, pH, ascorbic acid and FRAP. The results indicate generic ranges in composition within species independent upon growing location and climate, and the composition of the tree fruits and berries is not likely to deviate from these ranges. It is concluded that desirable composition of tree fruits and berries and their products should primarily be achieved by selection among species rather than searching fors broadened variation within individual species. 相似文献
19.
Detailed karyotypes and 4C DNA amounts have been studied in five cultivars of Cajanus cajan and 20 species belonging to Cajanus, Rhynchosia, Dunbaria, Flemingia and Paracalyx. C. cajan shows intraspecific variability and its karyotype is most similar to that of C. cajanifolius (sect. Cajanus) in the morphology and number of satellite chromosomes and the lack of any correlation between chromosome size within the complement and asymmetry. Karyotypes of C. lineatus and C. sericeus belonging to sect. Atylia are similar with respect to maximum r-index and the ratio of longest and shortest chromosomes in their respective complements. C. acutifolius (sect. Frutocosa) is distinct in having a very low ratio (1.44) between the longest and the shortest chromosomes, while in C. albicans, C. goensis, C. scarabaeoides (sect. Cantharospermum) there is no chromosome pair with r-index >2.0. C. mollis and C. volubilis (sect. Volubilis) show similarity with regard to ratio between the longest and the shortest chromosomes and a distinct chromosome pair with an arm ratio of 2.7 and C. platycarpus is distinct (sect. Rhynchosoides) in having the smallest ratio (1.36) between the longest and the shortest chromosomes. 4C DNA amounts in Cajanus and Rhynchosia vary between 3.28 pg to 11.69 pg and 4.92 pg to 11.13 pg respectively, while in Dunbaria, Flemingia and Paracalyx these vary between 4.70 and 7:06 pg. In the genus Cajanus karyotypic features and 4C DNA amounts agree with the sectional classification and bring out a close relationship between C. cajan and C. cajanifolius. This is supported by studies based on seed protein patterns, isozyme analysis, trypsin and chymotrypsin inhibitor patterns, RFLP and RAPD data and crossability relationships. A clear relation between DNA amount and abnormalities effecting the extent of pairing and recombination in interspecific hybrids shows the importance of this study in developing future breeding programme involving C. cajan and its wild relatives that are of potential value. 相似文献
20.
Several commercial fungicide seed treatments were evaluated for their possible effect on the survival of Bradyrhizobium japonicum on seeds and on the nodulation and yield of soybeans in a greenhouse and a field experiment. quinolate Pro (carbendazim and oxine copper), Vitavax 200FF (carboxin and thiram), and Monceren (pencycuron) had a small effect or no effect on the survival of B. japonicum and on the nodulation and yield of soybeans. They can thus be considered compatible with soybean seed inoculation. Germipro UFB (carbendazim and iprodione), Apron 35J (metalaxyl), and Tachigaren (hymexazol) decreased B. japonicum survival and the nodulation and yield of soybeans and thus cannot be considered compatible with soybean seed inoculation. 相似文献