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1.
以金乌贼(Sepia esculenta)转录组测序获得的177,951条Unigene为对象,采用Micro Satellite (MISA)软件检测及分析其中的简单重复序列(Simple sequence repeat, SSR)的位点信息。结果显示,在金乌贼转录组中共检测出161,327个SSR位点,分布在64,933条Unigene中,SSR位点发生频率为36.49%,出现频率为90.66%。其中,最主要的重复类型为单核苷酸、二核苷酸和三核苷酸,分别占SSR总数的46.00%、39.93%和9.48%。SSR包含的重复基元中,A/T是单核苷酸的优势重复基元,AT/AT和AC/GT是二核苷酸的优势重复基元类型。66,004个重复基元长度≥20 bp,占SSR总数的40.91%,且其中含有低级重复基元(二、三核苷酸重复)的SSR位点数量占优。以上结果表明,金乌贼转录组中SSR位点出现频率较高且类型丰富、多态性潜能较高,研究结果可为更好地开发金乌贼SSR分子标记、种质资源保护利用、遗传多样性评价和分子标记辅助育种等提供参考。  相似文献   

2.
本研究基于毛蚶(Scapharca subcrenata)的转录组数据,利用MISA软件对其中的微卫星位点进行挖掘。从35 555条unigene中共获得3987个SSR,SSR出现频率达11.21%。SSR重复类型主要以二核苷酸重复为主(58.06%),其次为三核苷酸重复(19.04%)。共有182种重复基元,不同类型SSR的重复基元分布特征不同,其中,二核苷酸重复基元中AC/GT类型比例最高,为45.70%。毛蚶转录组中SSR重复次数主要集中在5~7次,SSR长度主要集中在12~29 bp,多态性均在中等以上。利用筛选出的14对SSR引物在山东潍坊毛蚶野生群体中进行遗传多样性分析,结果显示,平均有效等位基因数(Na)、平均观测杂合度(Ho)、平均期望杂合度(He)和多态性信息含量(PIC)分别为15.4、0.682、0.852和0.817,从PIC值来看,本研究开发的14个微卫星标记均属高多态性标记(PIC≥0.5)。此外,有7个位点显著偏离哈迪–温伯格平衡(Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, HWE) (P<0.05)。结果表明,基于毛蚶转录组数据开发微卫星标记是切实可行的,研究结果丰富了毛蚶的分子标记数量,对毛蚶的种群遗传学分析、遗传图谱构建及分子辅助育种等研究具有重要意义。  相似文献   

3.
采用生物信息学方法分析了文蛤(Meretrix meretrix)转录组中微卫星序列(简单重复序列,simple sequence repeat)的分布规律。结果表明:在文蛤转录组SSR中,单碱基重复序列的数量最多,有3001个;其次为三碱基和四碱基重复序列,分别为2254和2200个;二碱基重复序列1052个;五碱基重复序列332个;六碱基重复序列最少,仅13个。文蛤转录组SSR共包含26种重复基元,其中优势基元为单碱基重复A/T有2809个,其次为三碱基重复AAC/TTG有907个,四碱基和二碱基重复中的AAAC/TTTG和AT/TA分别有588和561个,说明文蛤转录组微卫星位点的分布对A/T具有偏好性。文蛤完整SSR的平均长度为18.34 bp,长度分布在12~20 bp,约占41%。研究结果将为研究文蛤SSR标记开发、群体遗传多样性、遗传连锁图谱、种质资源鉴定和分子遗传育种等后续研究提供基础数据。  相似文献   

4.
本研究基于高通量测序获得的曼氏无针乌贼(Sepiella japonica)转录组数据,采用MISA(MIcro SAtellite)软件对其简单序列重复(Simple sequence repeat,SSR)位点进行了高通量发掘。组装并去冗余后,得到127575个Unigene,序列拼接的总长度为103104058 bp。对Unigene序列进行SSR分析,共得到62124个SSR(完整型SSR 36813个),分布在50626条Unigene序列当中,SSR出现频率为48.70%,平均16.6 kb出现1个SSR。微卫星序列主要以二碱基重复类型为主(31227,50.27%),其次为三碱基重复(16230,26.13%)。共发现122种碱基重复基元,在所有重复基元中(AT/AT)n占的比例最高为23.33%,其次为(AAAG/CTTT)n(17.42%)。曼氏无针乌贼SSR(完整型)的平均长度为25.87 bp,微卫星主要为重复长度大于20 bp的长序列,长度大于20 bp的微卫星序列占总数的51%。本研究发现,曼氏无针乌贼微卫星出现的频率和其长度呈极显著负相关(P0.01),相关系数为–0.594。该研究结果为开发高度多态性微卫星引物进行曼氏无针乌贼亲缘关系鉴定、种群遗传多样性和增殖放流效果评估等研究奠定了基础。  相似文献   

5.
利用MISA软件对双须骨舌鱼(Osteoglossum bicirrhosum)性腺转录组测序获得的188 461条Unigene进行SSR检测,结果在11 917个Unigene中共检测到SSR位点12 578个,其中包含2个及以上SSR位点的Unigene有633个。SSR的发生频率为6.32%,平均分布距离为9 949 bp。在筛选到的SSR位点中,优势重复基序为二核苷酸、三核苷酸和四核苷酸,其中二核苷酸重复基序数量最多,占总数的50.52%。重复基元类型共216种,其中数量最多的类型为二核苷酸重复AC/GT,占总数的20.66%。从所有筛选出的SSR位点中随机选取50个位点并运用Primer Premier 5.0设计引物,共有25对引物成功扩增出特异性产物,并且均在同科的美丽硬仆骨舌鱼(Scleropages formosus)的三个亚种中通用。结果表明,转录组测序产生的EST序列是开发SSR标记的有效来源,开发所得EST-SSR引物可用于双须骨舌鱼及其近缘物种遗传分析、遗传图谱构建以及分子标记辅助育种等工作中。  相似文献   

6.
本研究采用MISA软件分析泥东风螺(Babylonia lutosa)转录组中微卫星信息。结果显示,从转录组中共获得16324个SSR,共有181种重复基元;泥东风螺转录组中不同类型微卫星的重复基元具有不同的分布特征,其中,二核苷酸重复基元中AC/GT(70.58%)重复基元以重复6次出现频率占优;长度为12~20 bp的SSR占63.95%,长度为21~25 bp的SSR占9.14%,总体的平均长度为18.4 bp。随机选取其中50条序列设计引物,通过对福建野生泥东风螺群体(WP)DNA样本进行PCR扩增和分型,结果获得23个多态性位点,等位基因数目为2~7个不等,期望杂合度(Ne)为0.190~0.937,观察杂合度(No)为0.065~0.936,多态性信息含量(PIC)为0.061~0.777,有4个位点显著偏离哈迪温伯格平衡(Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium, HWE) (P<0.05)。对野生群体和养殖群体(BP)遗传多样性分析显示,野生群体和养殖群体的平均Ne分别为0.491和0.544,平均No分别为0.477和0.564,平均PIC分别为0.541和0.407。Fis结果显示,野生群体和养殖群体分别有13个和9个位点杂合子过剩。群体间遗传分化指数(Fst)为0.001~0.655,平均值为0.053 (0.05相似文献   

7.
分析圆口铜鱼(Coreius guichenoti)的遗传多样性,可为其人工繁殖家系鉴别、分子标记辅助育种及长江上游珍稀特有鱼类的种质资源保护提供理论依据和技术支撑。以室内循环水养殖的圆口铜鱼为研究对象,提取其肝脏RNA,通过Illumina HiSeq~(TM) 2000高通量测序平台进行转录组测序,利用MISA软件对测序获得的unigene进行微卫星(SSR)位点挖掘和特征分析,设计SSR位点引物并进行验证。结果显示,圆口铜鱼转录组测序共获得80 688条unigene,通过查找获得34 155个SSR位点,分布在25 947条序列上,发生率为32.2%。圆口铜鱼SSR中主要重复单元类型为单碱基和二碱基,其中A/T和AC/GT为优势单碱基和二碱基重复单元,占总SSR数量的57.2%和19.7%。SSR重复数在5～60次,其中有40.3%的SSR序列集中在11～15次;SSR序列长度变化显著,单碱基至六碱基重复类型的总体长度在11～101 bp,其中12～35 bp序列长度占78.8%。随机选取50个SSR位点合成引物对9尾圆口铜鱼样本进行PCR扩增验证,可稳定扩增出目的条带的有40对引物,其中16对具有多态性,证明了通过转录组测序开发圆口铜鱼SSR标记的可行性。  相似文献   

8.
以密斑刺鲀(Diodon hystrix)为研究对象,利用RNA-seq技术进行转录组测序及序列组装,最终获得221762条Unigene序列,N50为2240 nt,GC含量为46.20%。利用MISA软件从该转录组数据中搜索到106221个符合条件的SSR位点,分布于62451条Unigene中,发生频率为28.16%。优势重复单元为单核苷酸、二核苷酸和三核苷酸,发生频率分别为48.99%、32.57%和14.72%,其中单核苷酸重复单元中以A/T为主,占总SSR位点数的46.21%,二和三核苷酸重复单元分别以AC/GT和AGG/CCT为主,占比分别为21.90%和2.70%。选取SSR长度大于等于20 bp的位点设计了17563个位点的引物,随机挑选160对位点引物进行扩增鉴定,筛选到95对有效扩增引物,占比为59.38%。通过多态性验证,最终获得30对稳定、可重复的多态性引物(占有效扩增引物的31.58%),其中15对引物表现出高多态性(PIC>0.5),这些高多态性引物具有评估密斑刺鲀群体多样性的潜力。结果表明,密斑刺鲀转录组数据可作为开发稳定的SSR标记的有效来源,该实验所开发的多态性SSR位点为进一步研究密斑刺鲀的遗传图谱和遗传多样性奠定了基础。  相似文献   

9.
分析圆口铜鱼(Coreius guichenoti)的遗传多样性,可为其人工繁殖家系鉴别、分子标记辅助育种及长江上游珍稀特有鱼类的种质资源保护提供理论依据和技术支撑。以室内循环水养殖的圆口铜鱼为研究对象,提取其肝脏RNA,通过Illumina HiSeq? 2000 高通量测序平台进行转录组测序,利用MISA软件对测序获得的unigene进行微卫星（SSR）位点挖掘和特征分析,设计SSR位点引物并进行验证。结果显示,圆口铜鱼转录组测序共获得80 688条 unigene,通过查找获得34 155个SSR位点,分布在25 947条序列上,发生率为32.2%。圆口铜鱼SSR中主要重复单元类型为单碱基和二碱基,其中A/T和AC/GT为优势单碱基和二碱基重复单元,占总SSR数量的57.2%和19.7%。SSR重复数在5~60次,其中有40.3%的SSR序列集中在11~15次;SSR序列长度变化显著,单碱基至六碱基重复类型的总体长度在11~101 bp,其中12~35 bp序列长度占78.8%。随机选取50个SSR位点合成引物对9尾圆口铜鱼样本进行PCR 扩增验证,可稳定扩增出目的条带的有40对引物,其中16对具有多态性,证明了通过转录组测序开发圆口铜鱼SSR标记的可行性。  相似文献   

10.
乌鳢(Channa argus,♂)、斑鳢(Channa maculatus,♀)是杂交鳢"杭鳢1号"的亲本。利用高通量测序技术对乌鳢和斑鳢的肝脏进行转录组测序获得大量EST序列后,利用MISA软件进行微卫星信息分析,结果表明,通过转录组测序获得乌鳢EST序列59 959条,长度45 mb,发现15 428个SSR,出现频率为25.73%;获得斑鳢EST序列44 337条,长度27 mb,发现8 439个SSR,出现频率为19.03%。在乌鳢和斑鳢EST-SSR中,重复单元以1~2碱基重复为最多,并以长度小于16 bp的短重复序列为主,间隔SSR和复合SSR的EST序列RPKM均值要低于单纯型SSR的EST序列RPKM均值,且在单纯型SSR中SSR长度越长,其RPKM均值则越低。  相似文献   

11.
The environmental processes associated with variability in the catch rates of bigeye tuna in the Atlantic Ocean are largely unexplored. This study used generalized additive models (GAMs) fitted to Taiwanese longline fishery data from 1990 to 2009 and investigated the association between environmental variables and catch rates to identify the processes influencing bigeye tuna distribution in the Atlantic Ocean. The present findings reveal that the year (temporal factor), latitude and longitude (spatial factors), and major regular longline target species of albacore catches are significant for the standardization of bigeye tuna catch rates in the Atlantic Ocean. The standardized catch rates and distribution of bigeye tuna were found to be related to environmental and climatic variation. The model selection processes showed that the selected GAMs explained 70% of the cumulative deviance in the entire Atlantic Ocean. Regarding environmental factors, the depth of the 20 degree isotherm (D20) substantially contributed to the explained deviance; other important factors were sea surface temperature (SST) and sea surface height deviation (SSHD). The potential fishing grounds were observed with SSTs of 22–28°C, a D20 shallower than 150 m and negative SSHDs in the Atlantic Ocean. The higher predicted catch rates were increased in the positive northern tropical Atlantic and negative North Atlantic Oscillation events with a higher SST and shallow D20, suggesting that climatic oscillations affect the population abundance and distribution of bigeye tuna.  相似文献   

12.
Previously, we reported 10 PEGE types of 85 tilapia Streptococcus agalactiae(GBS), which shifted from Streptococcus iniae in China, by using PEGE method. Presently, larger and more representative tilapia GBS were isolated, for the ?rst time in China, to characterize their serotypes and genetic diversities more precisely than had done before. 168 GBS strains were distributed in ?ve provinces of China, in which Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan were the major ones, holding36.9%(62/168), 37.5%(63/168) and 19.6%(33/168), respectively. Serotypes, Ia, Ib and III, were observed in these strains and the most predominant one was Ia(95.2%), which mainly distributed in Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan. Ia initially occurred in 2009, it shoot up to 32.1% in 2010,but decreased to 16.1% in 2011 before went up to 45.2% in 2012. Ib sporadically occurred during2007–2011, III onlyoccurred in 2012. 14 different PFGE types, including 4 new types(N, O,P and Q), were observed, in which B, D, F and G were the predominant types, holding 83.9%(141/168) of the total GBS strains. Ia corresponded to 11 PFGE types(A–H, N–P), in which type D predominated(51%). Ib represented 3 genotypes(I, J and Q) and III harbored only 2genotypes(N and F). Type N and Fsynchronously presented in Ia and III. In summary, the genetic diversity of tilapia GBS varied by serotypes and changed with geographical locations and years.Although Iastillpredominated, new rareserotypeIII alreadyoccurred in China.  相似文献   

13.
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14.
In this experiment, a feeding trial was performed to determine the effects of fructooligosaccharide (FOS) on growth performance, digestive enzyme activity and immune response of Japanese sea bass, Lateolabrax japonicus juveniles (initial weight 38.3 ± 0.5 g), and the fish were examined following feeding with six levels of FOS (0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4 and 6 g/kg) for 28 days. Significant enhancement of weight gain (WG) and specific growth rate (SGR) was found in fish fed 1 g/kg FOS incorporated diets (p < .05), while the feed conversion ratio (FCR) in the 1, 2 g/kg FOS groups reduced significantly compared with the control (p < .05). Besides, the crude lipid in the 4, 6 g/kg FOS groups increased significantly compared with the control (p < .05). On the other hand, the erepsin and lipase activities significantly elevated in intestine of fish fed 2 g/kg FOS (p < .05) and the lysozyme activity in serum of fish fed 2 g/kg FOS were significantly higher than that in the control (p < .05). Moreover, the alkaline phosphatase activities in serum of fish fed 0.5, 1, 2 g/kg FOS were significantly higher than in control (p < .05). Regression analysis showed that the relationships between dietary FOS levels and either SGR, FCR, erepsin or lysozyme activities were best expressed by regression equations, and the optimal inclusion levels are 1.37, 1.80, 3.06, 3.11, 1.93 and 1.80 g/kg for SGR, FCR, erepsin, lipase, lysozyme and total superoxide dismutase activities, respectively. Overall, this study revealed that FOS incorporated diets could beneficial for L. japonicus culture in terms of increasing the growth, digestion and immune activities. Under the present experimental condition, the optimal supplementary level of FOS in the diet of L. japonicus is 1–3 g/kg.  相似文献   

15.
Growth hormone (GH) and reproduction: a review   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  
Interaction between growth and reproduction occurs in many vertebrates and is particularly obvious at certain stages of the life cycle in fish. Endocrine interactions between the gonadotropic axis and the somatotropic axis are described, the potential role of GH being emphasised. A comparative analysis of these phenomena in mammals, amphibians and fish, suggests a specific role of GH in the physiology of puberty, gametogenesis and fertility. It also shows the original contribution made by studies on the fish model in this field of investigations.  相似文献   

16.
Two gonadotropins (GtH; Qa and Qb) were purified by gel filtration and ion exchange chromatography from the pituitaries of Indian walking catfish (Clarias batrachus). The presence of GtH during purification was assessed by in vitro oocyte maturation and in vivo steroidogenic activity, and their identities were determined by elution profiles, molecular weight, biological activities and yield. The molecular weights of Qa and Qb were 37 and 42 kDa, respectively, and composed of distinct subunits (Qa: 20 and 14 kDa and Qb: 26 and 18 kDa). Polyclonal antibodies raised against Qa immunostained Qa, Qb and pituitary GtH cells. A competitive Qa‐ELISA was developed whose sensitivity was 6.25 ng mL?1 (1.25 ng well?1) with intra‐ (3.5%) and inter‐ (12.4%) assay coefficients of variation. Displacement curves parallel to the standard were obtained with plasma and pituitary extracts of catfish, Qb and carp GtHII. The assay was validated by measuring the plasma Qa levels after LHRH treatment and in relation to ovarian growth in the female catfish during different reproductive phases. Based on the results, Qa and Qb corresponded to fish LH and FSH respectively. The findings will increase the knowledge of the mechanisms controlling fish reproduction and identification of sensitive phases in fish in captivity for hormonal manipulation.  相似文献   

17.
Tetrahymena is a protozoan parasite, which infects guppy, Poecilia reticulata Peters, and causes substantial economical losses in commercial farms worldwide. Studies of guppy infected by Tetrahymena require standardized infection protocols. The LD50 for Tetrahymena infection of guppies by intraperitoneal (IP) injection was calibrated, and the level obtained was 946 parasites per fish. Guppy infection with Tetrahymena by immersion, imitating the natural route of infection via the integument, was studied under normal or stress conditions. Exposure to cold and netting (CNI) and to cold only (CI) followed by immersion exposure to 10 000 Tetrahymena per mL resulted in 22.5% and 19.2% mortality, respectively, as compared to 14.2% and 10% in groups that were netted only (NI) or non‐stressed (I). Histopathology revealed that immersion infection resulted in a systemic infection. Lysozyme levels, measured 3 weeks after infection, were significantly higher in the CNI group (288 μg per mg protein) compared with CI‐, NI‐ and I‐treated groups (94.5, 64 and 62.3 μg mg?1, respectively). There was no evident parasite immobilization activity in body homogenates, suggesting no development of acquired immunity. Re‐infection by IP injection revealed no increase in protection in any of the treatment groups, mortality range of 56.3–75%, higher than in the non‐exposed control (40.6% mortality).  相似文献   

18.
The endemic, anadromous cyprinidChalcalburnus tarichi is the only fish species known to occur in alkaline Lake Van (Eastern Anatolia, Turkey). EightC. tarichi were maintained individually in Lake Van water (17 – 19°C; pH 9.8; 153 mEq·I–1 total alkalinity; 22 total salinity) and tank water samples analyzed for 24 h in 2 to 4 h intervals. At zero time, < 1µM ammonia was present and urea was undetectable in the tank water; at 24 h, total ammonia and urea made up 114±32 and 35±25µM, respectively. Over the experimental period, ammonia-N and urea-N excretion averaged 1041±494 and 607±169moles·kg–1 fish·h–1, respectively. The extent of urea excretion was highly variable between specimens. Uric acid excretion was not detectable.Urea was present at high concentrations in all tissues and plasma (25 – 35moles·g–1·ml–1) of freshly caughtC. tarichi; total ammonia content of the tissues was by a factor of 1.9 (liver) to 3.0 (brain) lower. High arginase activity (2.4±0.2 U·min–1·g–1) was detected in the liver ofC. tarichi but ornithine carbamoylphosphate transferase, a key enzyme of the ornithine-urea-cycle, was absent. Ureagenesis is likely through degradation of arginine and/or uricolysis. High glutamine synthetase activity (11±0.6 U·min–1·g–1) and low ammonia content in brain suggest that, like other teleosts,C. tarichi has an efficient ammonia detoxification in the brain, but in no other tissue.Nitrogenous waste excretion at alkaline pH is discussed. The ability ofC. tarichi to excrete high levels of ammonia at extremely alkaline pH is unique among teleosts studied so far. The mechanism of ammonia excretion under Lake Van conditions remains to be elucidated.  相似文献   

19.
Protein and amino acid composition of the mantle of juvenile O ctopus vulgaris (Cuvier, 1797) during fasting for 27 days were determined. Average protein content of octopus mantle was of 711.19 ± 46.80 g kg?1 DW, and it decreased with increasing fasting days. The non‐essential amino acids content was higher (486.18 ± 11.08 g kg?1 protein) than essential amino acids (425.82 ± 9.15 g kg?1 protein) at the start of the experiment (unstarved animals). The results suggest that the amino acid profile of the mantle where the most abundant amino acids are Arg, His, Lys, Gly, Leu and Pro could indicate a prolonged fasting condition (>20 days) or poor nutrition of O . vulgaris. This study supports the idea of using mantle for metabolic needs of starved O . vulgaris suggesting that the degradation pathway of amino acids to pyruvate and tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates was favoured contrary to the degradation pathway of ketogenic amino acids. Special considerations should be taken concerning Thr, Ile, Ser, Ala, Asx (Asp, Asn), Glx (Glu, Gln) (because of their fast intake) and Lys and His (due to their stable contents) during a prolonged period of fasting.  相似文献   

20.
There has been growing concern about the overuse of antibiotics in the ornamental fish industry and its possible effect on the increasing drug resistance in both commensal and pathogenic organisms in these fish. The aim of this study was to carry out an assessment of the diversity of bacteria, including pathogens, in ornamental fish species imported into North America and to assess their antibiotic resistance. Kidney samples were collected from 32 freshwater ornamental fish of various species, which arrived to an importing facility in Portland, Oregon from Colombia, Singapore and Florida. Sixty‐four unique bacterial colonies were isolated and identified by PCR using bacterial 16S primers and DNA sequencing. Multiple isolates were identified as bacteria with potential to cause disease in both fish and humans. The antibiotic resistance profile of each isolate was performed for nine different antibiotics. Among them, cefotaxime (16% resistance among isolates) was the antibiotic associated with more activity, while the least active was tetracycline (77% resistant). Knowing information about the diversity of bacteria in imported ornamental fish, as well as the resistance profiles for the bacteria will be useful in more effectively treating clinical infected fish, and also potential zoonoses in the future.  相似文献   

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